Suitable cows for flushing Ethics plays a big part

20 000 IVF embryos

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Definitions Moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity. Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term ethics derives from Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ethikos), from ἦθος (ethos), meaning 'habit, custom'.

Definitions Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality. Ethics is concerned with distinguishing between good and evil in the world, between right and wrong human actions, and between virtuous and nonvirtuous characteristics of people.

Synonyms Moral code, morals, morality, moral stand, moral principles, moral values, rights and wrongs, principles, ideals, creed, credo, ethos, rules of conduct, standards (of behaviour), virtues, dictates of conscience.

Unashamedly Ethical (Mission) Unashamedly Ethical is a global campaign by individuals and organisations guided by a founding vision to transform society by taking a stand for ethics, values and clean living. We confront corruption and injustice through coordinated, targeted and impactful advocacy and campaigns to advance ethical behaviour. Our objective is to reach a tipping point where ethical behaviour becomes the norm. We do this through lobbying commitment to support ethics, providing support to achieve sustainability, managing a directory of committed organisations and individuals who support each other, and ensuring accountability through an independent ombudsperson.

Unashamedly Ethical

Relevancy to the livestock industry 1. Andrew Hunt The Bullvine 2. Bernard E. Rollin

Relevancy to the livestock industry Imke Tammin Table 1. Generic Ethical Matrix (modified from Mepham (1996) and Jensen et al (2011)) Interest group Respect for Wellbeing Autonomy (Choice) Fairness (Justice) Animal Animal welfare Behavioural freedom Telos/Intrinsic value Producers Satisfactory income & working conditions Managerial freedom Equitable trading & market systems Citizens Food safety & quality of life Informed choice Affordability & access to food Environment Conservation & protection Maintenance of biodiversity Sustainability

Questions How can animal breeding be improved ethically in developing countries? How can we better utilise breeds that are well adapted to challenging environments? Who should drive the required change? What is the role of breed societies in this process? Does livestock breeding require more regulation? Is genetic engineering (e.g. genetic editing) in livestock acceptable if it is used to improve animal welfare?

Questions How can we define balanced and sustainable breeding objectives that support increase in production without impacting negatively on welfare (e.g. Oleson et al 2000)? How can we avoid unintended harm in animal breeding (possible strategies include progeny testing for new traits, linking progeny testing to existing veterinary data sources, monitoring of inbreeding, and systematic surveillance for emerging inherited diseases)?

Show Ethics Photo Ethics Auctions/pamphlets Genetic Ethics Juvenile collections Foetal sexing Gene manipulations Selling donor cows Ethics

Selecting donor heifers what are you buying? Fullblood Japanese Black (Black) Akaushi (Red) Composite Purebred Black Red Composite

This one?

or this one?

This one?

or this one?

Selecting donor heifers Poor nutrition during placentome development impacts the ability of the foetus to aquire proper amounts nutrients and oxygen Nutrient restriction results in long lasting consequences in offspring Dr Kevin Sullivan (Wagyu Conference 2018)

Selecting donor heifers Caruncle Vascularisation starts 65% of growth occurs Nutrients Restored 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nutrient Restriction Decreased Vascularisation Breeding Big increase in blood flow Calving

Growth of calves (Unit: cm) Body Part Sex Age (M) A (Excellent) B (Good) C (Average) D (Poor) Height at Withers Male 6 7 8 >107,6 >111,6 >115,1 104.5 ~107.6 108.5 ~111.6 112.0 ~115.1 102.9 ~104.5 106.9 ~108.5 110.4 ~112.0 <102.9 <106.9 <110.4 Female 6 7 8 >103.5 >106.8 >109.7 100.4 ~ 103.5 103.6 ~ 106.8 106.4 ~ 109.7 98.8 ~ 100.4 102.0 ~ 103.6 104.7 ~ 106.4 <98.8 <102.0 <104.7 Chest girth Male 6 7 8 >140.8 >148.5 >155.6 134.9 ~ 140.8 142.3 ~ 148.5 149.0 ~ 155.6 132.0 ~ 134.9 139.2 ~ 142.3 145.7 ~ 149.0 <132.0 <139.2 <145.7 Female 6 7 8 >134.1 >140.5 >146.2 128.2 ~ 134.1 134.3 ~ 140.5 139.7 ~ 146.2 125.3 ~ 128.2 131.2 ~ 134.3 136.4 ~ 139.7 <125.3 <131.2 <136.4

Selecting donor cows Condition Records of previous OPUs/flushings Pregnant cows Cow with a calf at foot Pre-examined by ET vet Functionalities

Rectal examination

Conclusion...moral reality is less tidy and more complex than many theories portray (Li 2002) Trust can only be earned, not demanded (Me 2018) Ethics and morality is a function of the individual s value system (Me 2018)

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