The Red List of China Higher Plants : Process, Results and Recommendations Qin, Hai-Ning Chair, Specialist Group and Red List AFP of China Plant, IUCN/SSC c/o Institute of Botany, CAS,Beijing 100093 E-mail: hainingqin@ibcas.ac.cn March 7, 2013, Zhaoqing, Guangdong,China The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
How we link to conserve biodiversity? DATABASE informaticsts TAXONOMY taxonomists The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species CONSERVATI ON conservers
IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria Version 3.1(2001) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
IUCN Red List Categories, Criteria and Formulation (Example) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TIUCN System is the Most...System!
Framework of IUCN IUCN Members Commissions (10,000 scientists & experts) 83 States 110 Government agencies >800 NGOs The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN Secretariat 1,100 staff in 62 countries, led by IUCN s Director General (Julia Marton-Lefevre)
Species Survival Commission SSC Chair Simon Stuart SSC Steering Committee ~8,000 volunteer experts in 120 Specialist Groups and Task Forces IUCN Species Survival Commission The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN Secretariat IUCN Species Programme Biodiversity Assessment Unit Freshwater Biodiversity Assessment Unit Red List Unit Species Information Service SSC Network Support Species Trade & Use Unit (seconded to TRAFFIC)
IUCN Headquarters Species Programme Gland, Switzerland E-mail: species@iucn.org IUCN Red List Unit Cambridge, UK E-mail: redlist@ssc-uk.org The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Mechanism of the Assessment The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
IUCN Global Red List ( http://www.iucnredlist.org) 样例 :Paphiopedilum emersonii ( 白花兜兰 ) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Global Red List(2000-2011) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2008 Global Species Assessment (threatened factors) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2008 Global Species Assessment (distribution of threatened animal) Threatened Mammals Threatened Birds Threatened Turtles Threatened Amphibians The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2008 Global Species Assessment (threatened center: mediterranean region) 1,912 spp. 8 groups total 19% threatened overall The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Red List Index (RLI) and CBD 2010 targets Amphibians Mammals Corals The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Red List is one of IUCN main contributions to the bioconservation
Past Red List: Red data book and paper publication The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Now RL: global list on web ( http://www.iucnredlist.org) 样例 :Paphiopedilum emersonii ( 白花兜兰 ) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Now RL: natl. & regional list 红色名录地区应用指南 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species http://www.regionalredlist.com
Asia red list and red data book The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Significant of National Red Listing Provide a national baseline to monitor the status of the country s biodiversity. Identify and document plants most in need of conservation attention in the country. Assist the government in setting conservation priorities relevant to plants 21
Now red list:guide, training, workshop The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Now red list:tools (SIS) on web The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Process of assessment The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
China red list and related work NT 7.22% LC 4.78% DD 1.24% NA 0.00% EX 0.05% EW 0.05% RE 0.00% CR 15.56% EN 25.83% VU 45.26% First use of IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES & CRITERIA(1978) First use of V3.1(2001) IUCN RED LIST CATEGORIES & CRITERIA 25
Shortage of Previous China Red List China Red Data Book(1992): 388 spp.; Natl. Key Protected Wild Plant Species(1999): ca.200 spp+taxa; China Species Red List(2004):4408 spp. Taxa only part of the flora; Data out of date, lack of population data Experts involved limited/few Categorization system no nunify and update 26
Targets & Outputs of the Project Project last for 4 years(2008-2012) Funded by Ministry of Environmental Protection 1.A National Red List Covered Whole Flora and Assessed by IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 2.Detailed Description of Threatened Species : name, distribution & map, photo, category and criteria, rationale, population trends, habitat,threats, data sources and assessor details. 3. Guideline to Apply RL Category and Criteria at China Plant Assessment. 4.General Report of the Project: introduction, methodology, threatened status and conservation recommendation based on the assessments. 27
Major challenge to the China Listing Number of Plant Species34,000 50% are endemic, 5400 endemic species are only known from 1 locality Ca.70% taxa listed without recent survey, rely heavily on flora & specimen data that has no population information or threat data 28
Process of Conducting the Assessment 1.Basic Checklist and related data : Plant Name(CNPC),herbarium records (CVH), literatures(bhl) 2. Data Imputed by experts 3. Assessment made by the team and evaluated by experts. 29
30 Process to identify Key & non taxa
Taxa Data Sheet Submitted by Experts Data Sheet for Each Priority Taxa: Scientific Name and Chinese Name Geographical Range Habitat Preferences Population Decline Threats Conservation Measures Utilization References Citation Details of the Expert 1. Guideline to Fill the DS for Key Taxa 2. Guideline to Fill the DS for Non Key Taxa 3. IUCN RL Cat. & Crit.ver3.1 (2001) 4. Text for Threatened Taxa (example) 5.Introduction to the Project 31
Total number in the categories of China higher plant red listing 1.Red Listing of 35610 taxa, 2.Description of 3767 Threatened taxa as IUCN recommend 3. Analysis on the Result. Category Taxa listed Percentage Extinct (EX) 27 Extinct in the Wild (EW) 10 Regionally Extinct(RE) 15 1.46 Critically Endagered (CR) 583 Endangered (EN) 1297 Vulnerable (VU) 1887 10.58% Near Threatened (NT) 2723 7.65% Least Concern (LC) 24296 68.23% Data Deficient (DD) 4772 13.4% TOTAL 35610 100% 32
Compared with other countries 60000 50000 55000 Total number of taxa Number assessed Total threatened 40000 30000 31864 31864 20000 22000 20456 20456 15500 15492 10000 0 5210 3611 3825 1496 1249 2577 1249 1180 2884 686 Braizl China Australia South Africa Malaysia Ecuador 33
Number of Each Group Listed in the Various Categories Moss:117/2557(4.6%) Fern & allies: 151/2404(6.4%) Gymnosperm: 127/249(51%) Angiosperm: 3372/30400(11%) Total: 3767/35610(10.7%) 34
Threats status by taxa (top fam. & gen.) Families: (percentage of angiosperm threatened 3372 taxa and the family ) Orchidaceae 670(19.8%), Ericaceae 143(4.2%), Fabaceae 125(3.7%), Liliaceae 102(3.1%), Lauraceae 99(2.9%), Theaceae 95(2.7%) Magnoliaceae 113(67%), Actinidiaceae 76(63%), Dioscoreaceae 58(53%), Hamamelidaceae 77(49%), Aristolochiaceae 82(48%) Genera:Fritillaria 25(88%), Dendrobium 81(82%), Pleione 20(80%), Manglietia 30(80%), Paphiopedilum 33(78%), Cypripedium 38(73%), Actinidia 56(73%) 35
Threats status by threats factors 1.Habitat loss/degradation 2. Harvesting [hunting/gathering] 3. Intrinsic Factors 4. Pollution (affecting habitat & spp) 5. Natural disasters 6. Invasive alien species 36
Habitat loss & degradation and over harvesting are the main threats Eichhornia crassipes Overgraze 37
Threats status by biome & factors Threatened taxa in different biome &vegetations threatened factors in different biome 38
Threats status by altitude, provinces and counties 39
40 Key factors for project: --substantiality resources (herbarium and literature)
41 Key factors for the project: digitization resources
Key factors for the project:experts input 60 140 120 100 80 人数 50 40 30 17% 10% 73% 博士 硕士 本科 人数 60 116 20 40 20 0 64 59 10 60 以上 45-59 30-44 30 以下 10 0 北京 云 广四 江 浙 陕新 湖 湖 甘 广山 上 河 贵内 重 河 青 福 南 东川 苏 江 西疆 北 南 肃 西东 海 南 州蒙 庆 北 海 建 古 黑 安 辽 山天 江 龙 徽 宁 西津 西 江 年龄 省市 42
Key factors for the project:team good for mastery of the categories and communication with others 43
Lessons 1. Shortage of field botanists with a good understanding of life histories conduct assessments 2. National Biodiversity Databases are key to Conducting the assessment 3. Long Way to Understand the Criteria, reach common opinions within the Community and Adopt a unify Methodology 44 Pachylarnax sinica CR C2a(i);D
Recommendations: to government ( Set Up A Country Committee) TO: 1. Maintain and Update the Data 2. Enhance the Data- Sharing and Public Awareness 3. Strengthen the Appl at Conservation Activities 4. More investigation 45
Recommendations: to botany community Cooperation with neighboring countries More taxonomy & population study 菊科, 526, 17.3% More long term monitor 其他, 918, 30.1% 禾本科, 313, 10.3% 杜鹃花科, 299, 9.8% 紫草科, 46, 1.5% 百合科, 51, 1.7% 石竹科, 57, 1.9% 小檗科, 61, 2.0% 苦苣苔科, 62, 2.0% 罂粟科, 67, 2.2% 玄参科, 72, 2.4% 毛茛科, 90, 3.0% 莎草科, 106, 3.5% 蔷薇科, 157, 5.1% 豆科, 113, 3.7% 兰科, 111, 3.6% 46
Thank you for your attention! Your comments and contributions are very importance! 47