Immature Stages of Some Lepidoptera of Durango, Mexico

Reprinted in Canada from THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Volume 99_ Nnmher 11 CANADA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Immature Stages of Some Lepidoptera of Durango, Mexico by W. C. McGUFFIN Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Ottawa, Canada

Online 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1215 IMMATURE STAGES OF SOME LEPIDOPTERA OF DURANGO, MEXICO W. C. MCGUFFIN Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Ottawa, Canada Abstract Can. Ent. 99: 1215-1229 (1967) This paper is the first in a series on the Lepidoptera of the Sierra Madre Occidental area of Durango, Mexico. The immature stages of eight species of Geometridae arc described in detail: Grossbeckia semimaculata Barnes and McDunnough, Sentiothisa cyda (Druce), Galenara lallata (Hulst), Glena interpzrnctata interpunctata (Barnes and McDunnough), Iridopsis sp., Anacamptodes angulata Rindge, Phaeortra kirkwoodi Rindge, and Sicya snoviaria Hulst. Less detailed descriptions or short notes are given for the picrids Colias caesonia (Stoll) and Eucheira socialis Westwood; the arctiids Halisidota propinqua Henry Edwards and Arachnis perotensis Schaus; the noctuids Lichnoptera gulo Herrich- Schaeffer and Lacinipolia eucyria Dyar; a notodontid, Disphragis edwardsi Druce; a lasiocampid, Malacosoma incurvwn aztecum (Neumogen); a pyralid, Dioryctria rossi Munroe; and an olethreutid, Petrova albicapitana (Busck). This paper is the first in a series on the Lepidoptera of the Sierra Madre Occidental area of Durango, Mexico. Most of the insects for the study were obtained by the author (as a member of the Canadian Entomological Expedition to Mexico in 1964) at a base camp established about 75 miles west of Durango on Highway 40. The author's primary interest was the study of immature geometrids, but larvae and pupae in other families received some attention. These were collected in the pine oak arbutus forest which surrounded the base camp. The weather, topography, and main forest cover of this area have been described by Thomas (1966). Some of the lepidopterous insects were collected from pine, oak, and arbutus trees, but many were collected from the angiosperm trees and shrubs which bordered the headwaters of the creeks in the region. Among these plants were trembling aspen, Populus trenndoides Michx., and one or more species of Ribes, Alnus, Salix, Prunus, Holodiscus, and Cornus. A tent in which shelves and tables were built served as an insectary. Larvae were obtained by jarring them from the foliage of shrubs and small trees and by rearing from eggs. For the latter, females were placed in plastic containers along with several kinds of foliage. Small larvae were reared singly in screw-top vials or in lots of four or five in jelly jars. Large larvae were reared in jelly jars. "Vermiculite" was placed in the bottom of the jelly jar to provide a medium in which full-grown larvae could pupate. In this paper are described the immature stages of 8 species of Geometridac and 10 species of seven other lepidopterous families. The omission of locality data in the descriptions indicates the specimens were collected near camp. Setal nomenclature and the system of naming the lines on the body are as used in previous publications (McGuflin 1964, 1967). The setae and lines of the larva and the appendages of the head and thorax of the pupa can be located on the figures for Phaeoura kirkwoodi Rindge (Figs. 2-7). GEOMETRIDAE Grossbeckia semimaculata Barnes and McDunnough (Figs. 9-14) This species was described by Barnes and McDunnough (1912) from Palmerlee, Arizona.

1216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November 196/ Larva. Penultimate instar: Length, 13 mm; width, 2.2 mm. Head: width, 1.62-1.67 mm; dark brown without markings. Body: brown; AD, broken fine white line; SD, broken white line; L, broken white line before spiracles; venter lighter brown than dorsum. Thoracic plate dark brown; anal plate dark brown, becoming purplish with white spots anteriorly. Thoracic legs dark brown; prolegs purplish. Ultimate instar: Length, 20 mm; width, 3.3 mm. Head: width, 2.34 mill; brown with obscure markings (Fig. 9). Body: brown; other markings as in penultimate instar. Anal plate rounded at tip (Fig. 12). Setae on ventral proleg number about 23; crochets in one group number 50 on ventral and 70 on anal prolegs. Setae long, light brown, pointed; pattern as shown (Figs. 9-12). Pupa. Length, 12 mm; width, 3 min. Brown, shin y. Prothoracic femora visible (Fig. 13). Cremaster with eight rccurved setae, the terminal two stouter than the others (Fig. 14). Toothed dorsal groove present. Bod y setae conspicuous. Habits. Larva, June and July. Food plant, Arbutus sp. Pupal period, 20 to 25 da ys. Adult emergence, 16 to 22 August. One adult collected at light 16 July. R LSIARKS. Larval and pupal characteristics suggest a close relationship between Grossbeckia and Hydriomena. This is shown especially in the larva by the large number of crochets, the large number of setae on the side of the ventral proleg, and the setal pattern on the anterior abdominal segments (McGuffin 1958) and in the pupa by the form of the cremaster. Three larvae and two pupae were examined. Semiotbisa cyda (Druce) (Figs. 17-19) Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 13-16 mm; width, 1.7-2.6 mm. Head: width, 1.84-2.00 mm. Green phase: Head russet green without markings (Fig. 17); body green with white and yellow lines as follows: MD, white; AD, geminate, white; SD, two white; L, yellow stripe; SV and AV, two or three white lines; MV, geminate, white. Reddish-brown phase: head russet green with brown reticulate markings on lobes; antennae light green; body reddish brown on dorsum and reddish green on venter; lines as follows: SD, fine white line in upper part; L, wide white line. Legs and plates concolorous in both colour phases. Setae moderately long, brown, pointed. Setal pattern as in other species of Semiothisa (McGuffin 1964). Crochets 18 or 19, in one group. Pupa. Length, 10 mm; width, 3 mm. Brown, shiny. Prothoracic femora visible (Fig. 18). Cremaster long, slender, forked at tip (Fig. 19). Dorsal groove absent. FIGS. 1-8. Pbaeoura kirkwoodi Rindge. 1, Hatched eggs; 2, first instar, setal pattern: prothorax and mesothorax; abdominal segments 1-3 and 6-10; 3, last instar, setal and colour patterns, bead; 4 and 5. last instar, setal pattern: 4, prothorax and mesothorax, abdominal segments 1-4, with diagrammatic arrangement of colour lines and stripes on A2. This is a guide to the use of the lines but does not represent Phaeoura. 5, Abdominal segments 5-10; last instar, anal plate; 7 and 8. pupa: 7, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect. cremaster. dorsal aspect. ABBREVIATIONS: an. antenna; f.1, prothoracic femur; 1.1, 1.2, pro-, horacic and mesothoracic legs: lb. labrum; Ip. labial palpi; mx. maxilla.

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1218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November 1967 Habits. Larva, 14 to 25 July. Food plant, Prosopis sp. Pupation in cell of soil particles held together with silk. Pupal period 30 to 32 days. Adult emergence, 18 to 27 August. Adults collected at light, 1 June, in Durango City. REMARKS. Rindge (1959) noted that the adults are dimorphic: specimens caught in the fall and winter are usually darker than those caught in late spring and summer. The larvae also are dimorphic. By coincidence, probably, a male was reared from a green larva and a female from a reddish-brown larva. Seven larvae were collected 16 miles southeast of Durango, Dgo, along Highway 45. Galenara lallata (Hu1st) (Figs. 20-25) Rindge (1964) redescribed this species and gave the range as Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 30 mm; width, 2.4 mm. Head: width, 2.17 mm. Russet green with white lines of body continued on to head (Fig. 20). Antennae white. Body green, concolorous with pine needles. Lines as follows: MD, grey green with median white line, then fine white line; AD, green; SD, grey green, with prominent white line in upper and a narrow white line in lower part of this band; L, green spiracular with a white subspiracular stripe running out on anal proleg; SV, a green stripe above and a yellow-green line below; AV, light green; MV, yellow green. Plates and legs concolorous; thoracic legs brownish green and prolegs green. Crochets number 22 in one group. Setae short, light brown, pointed. As in Melanolophia (Evans 1962) an extra seta, named SD X2 in this paper, present between setae L1 and D2 on anterior abdominal segments (Figs. 21-22). Anal plate rounded (Fig. 23); hypoproct and paraprocts conspicuous. Pupa. Length, 14-16 mm; width, 4-5 mm. Brown, shiny. Prothoracic femora not exposed (Fig. 24). Cremaster slender, bifurcate (Fig. 25), with wrinkled base. Dorsal groove absent. Form of cremaster and area of granulation on fourth abdominal segment much as in Melanolophia (Evans 1962). Habits. Larva, 7 to 21 June. Food plants, Pinu.s- strobiformis Engelm. P. ay acahuite Ehr. according to Critchfield and Little 1966) and P. cooperi C. E. Blanco. Pupal period about 54 days. Adult emergence 13 or 14 August. Two adults collected at light 24 July and 8 August. REMARKS. Rindge (1964) after a study of the adults suggested that Galenara is related to Melanolophia. The larvae and pupae confirm this suggestion. Three larvae and two pupae were examined. Glena interpunctata interpunctata (Barnes and McDunnough) (Figs. 26-32) Rindge (1965) noted in his revision of Glena that the early stages of many species in this genus are unknown. Fortunately, among the specimens of Mexican Fics. 9-16. Grossbeckia and Sicya. 9-14, G. semirnaculata Barnes and McDunnough; 9, last instar, setal and colour patterns, head; 10 and 11, last instar, setal pattern: 10, prothorax and mesothorax; abdominal segments 1-3; 11, abdominal segments 6-10; 12, last instar, anal plate; 13 and 14, pupa: 13, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect; 14, cremaster, dorsal aspect. 15 and 16, S. snoviaria Hu1st, pupa: 15, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect; 16, cremaster, dorsal aspect.

Volume 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1219 I rf 1 V 0 I 5V3 SV1 1 SV2 VI 1 10

1220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November 1967 Geomctridac associated with rearings was a moth determined by Dr. Rindge as Glena interpunctata interpunctata (Barnes and McDunnough). Egg. About 0.80 mm in length and 0.58 mm in width. Green, surface sculptured with closely-set longitudinal rows of pits. Larva. First instar: Length, 3 mm; width, 0.3 mm. Head: width, 0.34 mm; brown, without markings. Body light yellow, usually appearing green from food. Setal pattern of body as shown (Fig. 26). Setae on side of ventral proleg number two and on anal proleg, six. Crochets number 10 in two incompletely divided groups. Second instar: Length, 5 mm; width, 0.5 mm. Head: width, 0.50-0.58 mm; brown, unmarked. Body grey green, with light spots on sides; legs and plates light grey-green. Third instar: Length, 7 mm; width, 1.0 mm. Head: width, 0.84-1.00 mm; brown, with faintly discernible herring-bone pattern in reddish brown on lobes. Body grey green with grey suffusion on dorsum and sides. Fourth instar: Length, about 12 mm; width, about 1.2 mm. Head: width, 1.28-1.52 mm. Brown, with dark brown herring-hone pattern on lobes. Body grey green; MD, geminate grey line, enclosing white ellipses on abdominal segment 1 (Al) to A5 or A6, inclusive; white line in upper SD region; light line in lower SD region; venter pruinose, with grey spots; MV, a series of green diamondshaped patches, one to each segment. Fifth instar: Length, 12-18 mm; width, 1.5-2.0 mm. Head: width, 1.67-2.00 mm. Brown, with darker markings. Antennae brown. Body coloured much as in fourth instar. Sixth instar: Length, 20 mm; width, 2.6 mm. Head: width, 2.17-2.56 mm. Brown, with grey herringbone pattern on upper lobes; clypeus brown; lower lobes light brown, antennae light brown. Body green; MD, geminate grey line enclosing elliptical patch on each of Al to A5 or A6; upper SD, white line conspicuous on thorax and on A7 and A8; light line in lower SD; grey oblique lines on sides; MV, short dark line enclosed in light ellipse on each segment. Setae of medium length, brown, pointed. Setal patterns of head and body as shown (Figs. 27-30); seta D2 on conspicuous tubercle on A3 to AS, inclusive; crochets number 28 to 34, in one group. Pupa. Length, 9.5-11.0 mm; width 3.0 mm. Brown, punctate. Prothoracic femora visible (Fig. 31). Dorsal groove absent. Cremaster bifurcate (Fig. 32). Habits. Female collected 17 June; over 70 eggs laid singly or in small groups on foliage; incubation period of eggs, about 20 da ys; larval period about 60 days; six larval instars; pupae probabl y hibernate. REMARKS. With a choice of foliage of Pinus cooperi C. E. Blanco and Juniperus deppeana var. robusta Martinez the moth laid about two-thirds of 70 eggs on the juniper; the larvae fed on juniper and formed apparently healthy pupae but no adults emerged. FIGS. 17-25. Semiothisa and Galenara. 17-19, S. cyda (Druce): 17, last instar, green phase, setal and colour patterns, head; 18 and 19, pupa: 18, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect; 19, cremaster, dorsal aspect. 20-25, G. lallata (Hulst): 20, last instar, setal and colour patterns, head; 21 and 22, last instar, setal and colour patterns: 21, prothorax and mesothorax; abdominal segments 1-4, with colour pattern of A 2; 22, abdominal segments 5, 6, and 10; 23, last instar, anal plate; 24 and 25, pupa: 24, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect; 25, cremaster, dorsal aspect.

Volume 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOCIST 1221 17 20 19 25 jsdx24 (40%2 a, b 1 1 (.< %/ 4 1/ d 21

1 1 2 7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November 1967 Iridopsis sp. (Fig. 33) Rindge (1966) suggested that the Neotropical genus Iridopsis Warren is represented in the Nearctic by two species, I. emasculate (Dyar) and I. larvaria (Guenee). Another species closely related to these two was reared in Mexico. Larva. Antepenultimate instar: Length, 8 mm; width, 0.9 mm. Head: width, 0.92 mm. Light brown, with brown herring-bone pattern and other markings on lobes. Body cream, with geminate brown lines of irregular width in MD, AD, and upper SD positions; irregular broken line in lower SD and L regions; geminate brown lines in SV and AV; MV, cream stripe containing broken line. On A2 seta L I on brown tubercle and spiracle in brown patch. Plates concolorous; legs brown. Penultimate instar: Length, 12-17 mm; width, 1.1-1.6 mm. Head: width, 1.50-1.60 mm; light brown, with brown herring-bone pattern on lobes; light crescent over clvpeus. Antennae light brown. Body brown on dorsum with a diamond-shaped marking on each anterior abdominal segment, A2 with suggestion of dark transverse dorsal band and with seta 1.1 tuberculate; SV region with fine brown lines; venter light brown. One of the two larvae had an extra moult between the penultimate and ultimate instars. Measurements and colour pattern differed somewhat from the description above for the penultimate instar. Measurements: length, 20 mm; width, 1.8 mm; head width, 1.90 mm. Colour pattern much as in penultimate description but body with black, forward-pointing arrow on dorsum of AI Ultimate instar: Length, 25-27 mm; width, 3.0 mm. Head: width, 2.50 nun. Light brown with dark brown frame on "face", clypeus and adjacent area light brown with brown markings. Antennae brown. Body slightly swollen on A2; yellow green or light green, patterned in brown; may have diamond-shaped areas on dorsum, especiall y on A2; MV brown, partially geminate; dark brown band on A3; dark patch around spiracle on Al and A2. Plates brown; paraprocts conspicuous on one larva but not on other; legs brownish green. Setae short, light brown; LI and D2 tuberculate on A2, and setae DI tuberculate on A8. Pupa. Length. 14-15 mm; width, 4-5 mm. Brown, shiny. Ventral aspect of head and appendages much as in Glena (Fig. 31). Cremaster forked (Fig. 33). Habits. Larva, 9 June to 13 July. Food plants, Alms sp. and Ribes sp. Pupation in soil. Pupal period 31 to 39 da ys. Adult emergence (two females) 14 to 22 August. Adults were collected throughout the duration of the camp period. REMARKS. Two larvae and two pupae were studied. The larvae, in colour, pattern, and size of successive head widths, compare more favourably with I. larvaria than with I. emasculata. FIGS. 26-34. Glena, Iridopsis, and Anacamptodes. 26-32, G. interpunctata interpunctata (Barnes and McDunnough): 26, first instar, setal pattern, prothorax and mesothorax, abdomina: segments 1, 2, and 10; 27, last instar, setal and colour patterns, head; 28 and 29, last instar, setal pattern: 28, prothorax and mesothorax, abdominal segments 1-3; 29, abdominal segments 6 and 10; 30, last instar, anal plate; 31 and 32, pupa: 31, appendages of head and thorax, ventral aspect; 32, cremaster, dorsal aspect. 33, Iridopsis sp., cremaster, dorsal aspect. 34, A. angulata Rindge, cremaster, dorsal aspect.

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1224.1 11E CANADIAN EN 10A101.061ST NoVe/111)er 1967 Anacamptodes angulata Rindge (Fig. 34) Rindge (1966) described A. angulata from Texas. Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 22 mm; width, 3.7 mm. Head: width, about 2.00 mm. Light grey with herring-bone pattern in brown on upper part of head; dark brown markings frame "face." Antennae light grey. Body light grey, with many fine brown lines. Plates concolorous. Paraprocts conspicuous. Legs light grey with brown spots. Dorsal ridge on A2 between setae D2. Setae short, light brown, usually borne on tubercles; seta 1)1 on A8 prominently tuberculate. Pupa. Length, 12 mm; width, 4 mm. Brown, shiny. Ventral aspects of head and appendages much as in Glena (Fig. 31). Cremaster forked (Fig. 34). Habits. Larva, 14 to 19 Jul y. Food plant, Artemisia sp. Pupal period, 34 days. Adult emergence 22 August (male). REAIARKS. Only one larva and one pupa were available for stud y. 'rhe larva was collected 16 miles southeast of Durango, Dgo, along Highwa y 45. Phaeozira kirkwoodi Rindge (Figs. 1-8) Rindge (1961) described Pbaeoura kirkwoodi from Arizona. Among adults collected in Mexico was a female that Dr. Rindge assigned to this species. This specimen laid eggs which hatched, enabling the writer to stud y the life history. Egg. About 0.84 mm in height and 0.84-0.90 mm in diameter. Olive green, with circlet of 22-24 small \\ bite triangular nodules at the top (Fig. 1). Larva. First instar: Length, 5 mm; width, 0.4 mm. Head: width, 0.67 mm. Upper half brown, lower half dark brown. Antennae brown. Body dark brown on dorsum and venter, with a light spiracular stripe; setae SD and L on white, rounded tubercles on abdominal segments. Thoracic and anal plates dark brown. Thoracic legs and prolegs dark brown. Setal pattern of bod y as shown in Fig. 2. Setae on ventral proleg number two and on anal proleg, six. Crochets number about 13, in two incompletel y-divided groups. Second instar: Length, 10 mm; width, 1.1 mm. Head: 'a idth, 1.00-1.14 mm. Vertices of lobes somewhat attenuate (horned) in this and later instars. Light brown with brown specks in herring-bone pattern on lobes; grey band across lower part of head. Antennae dark brown. Body with ridges, one on A2 between 1)2 setae and one on A8 between DI setae. Dorsal setae borne on tubercles. Brown with dark brown transverse bands on Al and A2. Segments A3, A4, and A5 dark brown with light brown patch on side of each segment; venter dark brown. Third instar: Length, 13 mm; width, 1.5 mm. Head: width, 1.501.75 mm. Colour pattern much as in second instar. In this and following instars body tuberculate with filamentous fringe in subventral region on A7, A8, and A9, and posteriorl y along prolegs. Body light brown, patterned in brown and dark brown. Fourth instar: Length, 1 7 111111; width, 2.6 mm. Head: width, 2.22-2.59 mm. Colour pattern much as in second instar. Body covered with light-coloured spicules; brown, with black longitudinal lines and obliques; plates and legs brown. Fifth instar: Length, 30 mm; width, 4.0 mill. Head: width, 3.34 mm. Colour patterns of head and body as in fourth instar. Sixth instar: Length, about 40 mm; width, about 4.0 mm. Head: width, 4.44-5.00 mm. Colour patterns of head and body as in fifth instar. Setae moderate in length, brown, pointed. Setal patterns of head and body as

Volume 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1225 shown (Figs. 3-6). Crochets number 52 to 66, in one group. Anal plate brown, dotted with dark brown, truncate at posterior end (Fig. 6). Pupa. Length, 21 mm; width, 6.5 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen, rugose, brown. Antennae ridged longitudinally and striated transversely; prothoracic femora visible (Fig. 7). Cremaster with one pair of stout terminal setae and three pairs of short recurved setae (Fig. 8). Dorsal groove toothed. Habits. Of two females collected 17 and 20 June, one laid 435 eggs; eggs laid in plate-like masses of 10 to 100 on leaves of oak and sides of cage; no eggs laid on leaves of arbutus. Incubation period of eggs about 22 days. With choice of alder and oak, larvae preferred alder; five or six larval instars; only one larva pupated. Pupation in loosely-woven cocoon on rolled leaf; hibernated as pupa. Emerged as male after 47 days' incubation. REMARKS. The immature stages of four species of Phaeoura have been described. In addition to the description here of P. kirkwoodi, Engel (1908) described P. quernaria; Comstock (1959) described P. cristif era; Grant (1962) described P. mexicanaria. In addition to larvae of P. kirkwoodi the writer has seen an inflated larva of P. mexicanaria and pupae of the latter as well as of P. quernaria. A few common characteristics have been noted. The eggs arc greenish with a circlet of nodules at the top. They are laid in clusters in P. kirkwoodi and P. quernaria. The lobes of the heads of older larvae are attenuate or horned. These larvae are tuberculate and have an extra seta, LX, on each of the first five abdominal segments. The presence or absence of this seta may serve to distinguish the larvae of this genus from the larvae of all other Geometridae. The pupae are brown, rugose, with one pair of stout cremaster setae and three pairs of fine cremaster setae. All have toothed dorsal grooves. Sicya snoviaria Hulst (Figs. 15-16) Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 25 mm; width, 2.2 mm. Head: width, 1.84 mm. Yellow green, with brown herring-bone pattern on lobes. Antennae light green. Body green (like oak mistletoe), marked faintly with brown lines; light markings in MD region on A8 and A9. Legs green; ventral proleg with white spot near crochets. Plates concolorous. Setae moderately long, brown, pointed. Pupa. Length, 11 mm; width, 3.5 mm. Light greenish brown with small brown dots in two rows along dorsum and other brown dots scattered over the dorsum. Prothoracic femora covered (Fig. 15). Cremaster wrinkled, with four pairs of recurved setae (Fig. 16). Dorsal groove toothed. Body setae conspicuous. Habits. Larva, 22 June to 5 July. Food plant, mistletoe on oak, Quercus sp. Pupation, 5 July; adult emergence 26 July (a male). REMARKS. Larva and pupa compare favourably with these stages described by Comstock and Dammers (1934) in nearly all characters except possibly the cremaster of the pupa; the cremaster of these two authors appears to bear only two setae. Only one larva and one pupa were available for study. The larva was collected near El Salto, Dgo. PIERIDAE Colias caesonia (Stoll) Larva. Ultimate instar: Head green, no markings. Body green with yellow transverse dorsal bars; SD, white line in lower part with broken red line below it.

1226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST November 1967 Chrysalis. Length, 21 mm; width, 6 mm. Green. Habits. Larva, 14 to 21 July. Food plant, Dalea sp. Pupation, 21 July. Adult emergence, about 20 August (female). REMARKS. Collected 16 miles southeast of Durango, Dgo, along Highway 45. Eucbeira socialis Westwood Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 25-30 mm; width, 4-5 mm. Head: width, 2.60-3.17 mm, dark brown. Body reddish, greyed on dorsum. Plates dark grey; legs concolorous, grey; each prolcg bears a dark grey patch on side. Habits. Larvae social; Ma y; constructing a tough white silk sac, from which they forage for food. Food plant, Arbutus sp. Pupal period, late May to 12 June. Adult emergence, 5 to 12 June; 127 adults, two-thirds of which were males, emerged from a small hole about 6 mm in diameter in the bottom or side of the sac. One sac, of tough papery-like material, measured approximately 130 mm in length and 70 mm in width. REMARKS. Sacs were collected along Highway 40 in vicinity of El Salto. ARCTIIDAE Halisidota propin qua Henry Edwards Larva. Ultimate instar: Head black. Body covered with setae; middorsal row of black tufts bordered by white setae; SD yellow, with small tufts of setae; spiracular region with grey tufts; black pencils in upper SD, on Al, A7, and A8. Habits. Larva, 3 to 13 July. Food plant, Alms sp. Pupation, 13 July. Adult emergence, 29 August (male). Arachnis perotensis Schaus Collected as a naked pupa 4 June; emerged 5 June as female. NOCTUIDAE Lichnoptera gulo Herrich-Schaeffer Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, about 45 mm; width, 9 mm. Head: width, 6 mm. Lobes brown, with light brown clvpeus and area along epicranial stem. Body black, with velvety-orange saddle on each thoracic and abdominal segment; a few long pale hairs on each segment. Habits. Larva, 18 to 29 June. Food plant, Pimis cooperi C. E. Blanco. When full-grown, larva spins tough paper y cocoon among pine needles. Pupation, 29 June. Adult emergence, 12 August (female). Lacinipolia eucyria Dyar Collected as naked pupa 3 June; emerged 6 June as male. NOTODONTIDAE Disphragis edwardsi Druce Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, 25 mm; width, 4.0 mm. Head: width, 2.50 mm. Green, with red stripe over each lobe to base of antenna. Body dull green; MD, white line with red border. Plates and legs concolorous; prolegs purplish green. Habits. Larva, 2 to 21 Jul y. Food plant, Arbutus sp. Pupation, about 21 July in cell of soil particles held together with silk. Adult emergence, 24 August (male).

Volume 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1227 LASIOCAMPIDAE Malacosoma incurvum aztecum (Neumogen) Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, about 40 mm; width, 4 mm. Head: width, about 3.0 mm. Dark grey. Body dark grey, with light lines. Habits. Eggs laid in irregular greyish bands about 14 mm in width, completely encircling twig. Larva feeds from tent, in June. Food plants, Populus tremuloides Michx., Holodiscus sp., Salix sp., and Prunus sp. Adult emergence, 30 June to 16 July; adults at light, 6 June to 8 August. REMARKS. A second species, M. tigris (Dyar), was collected in light traps 10 June to 11 August, but no immature stages were collected. PYRALIDAE Dioryctria rossi Munroe Larva. Ultimate instar: Length, about 30 trim. Head reddish brown; body brownish; subdorsal stripe dark grey; setal bases not pigmented. Plates and sides of anal prolegs light brown. Habits. Larva, June. Food plant, cones of Pima durangensis Martinez. Pupa, about early July. Adult emergence, 7 to 27 July. REMARKS. This species was reared in British Columbia from cones of Pines ponderosa Laws. (Ross and Evans 1957) and described by Munroe (1959). OLETHREUTIDAE Petrova albicapitana (Busck) Pitch nodules, typical of Petrova on Canadian jack and lodgepole pine trees, were fairly common in the vicinit y of the camp on Pima cooperi C. E. Blanco. From one of these nodules a female emerged, 1 Jul y, and was determined by Dr. W. E. Miller as P. albicapitana. Discussion In addition to the reared material identified and described in this paper, reared material of at least another 20 species is being identified or remains to be determined. Among the latter are several species of Eupithecia, at least one species of Hydriomena, and one or more species of Caripeta. The large assortment of moths taken in the light traps also contains many species of Hydriomena and Eupithecia and most of these along with the reared specimens of these two genera probably represent species not yet described. Of those species of which the immature stages have been described here, three (Petrova albicapitana, Dioryctria rossi, and Colias caesonia) have distributions extending from Mexico to Canada, and nine, as well as those of Hydriomena, Eupithecia, and Caripeta, are congeneric with Canadian species in these genera: Phaeoura, Glena, Iridopsis, Anacamptodes, Semiothisa, Sicya, Halisidota, Lacinipolia, and Malacosoma. Three species, Semiothisa cyda, Anacamptodes angulata, and Colias caesonia, were collected under arid conditions near the city of Durango. The remainder were collected in the pine oak forest found around the camp. The present study seems to indicate a strong relationship on the species, or species group level, between the lepidopterous fauna of Durango and that of southern Canada. Authors such as Ross (1953), Cohn (1965), and Howden (1966) have discussed some of these relationships but any conclusions must await a more comprehensive analysis of the faunas of the two areas. It is interesting to note that three species discussed here range from Canada to Mexico and that most of the other species considered have close relatives in the Canadian fauna.

1228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,Novemuer 190/ Acknowledgments I wish to thank Dr. J. M. Gillett, Plant Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, for his efforts to determine the portion of Dalea sp.; Dr. D. A. Ross, Forest Insect Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Vernon, B.C., for checking the setal pattern of the larva of Phaeortra mexicanaria (Grote) and for the loan of inflated larvae of Dioryctria rossi Munroe; Dr. F. H. Rindge, American Museum of Natural History, New York, for identifying the geomctrid specimens; Dr. E. L. Todd, Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Research Branch, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. D.C., for determination of Halisidota propinqua H. Edw., Arachnis perotensis Schaus, Lichnoptera gul p H.-S., and Disphragis edwardsi Druce. In the Entomology, Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Dr. T. N. Freeman determined the two butterflies and Dr. A. Mutuura the species of Dioryctria; Mr. L. M. Martin, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, determined the Lacinipolia; Dr. W. E. Miller, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, the Petrova, and Dr. F. W. Stehr, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, the Malacosoma. Miss M. R. MacKay, Mr. W. A. Reeks, Drs. T. N. Freeman, F. H. Rindge, and H. F. Howden read all or part of the manuscript and offered constructive criticism of this paper. References Barnes, W., and J. H. McDunnough. 1912. New species and genera of North American Lepidoptcra. Can. Ent. 44: 122-127. Cohn, T. J. 1965. The arid-land katydids of the North American genus Neobarrettia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); their systematics and a reconstruction of their history. Misc. Publ. 126, Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich. Comstock, J. A. 1959. Notes on the early stages of Phaeoura cristif era Hulst (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 58: 101-106. Comstock, J. A., and C. M. Dammers. 1934. Additional notes on the early stages of California Lepidoptcra. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 25-34. Critchfield, W B., and E. L. Little, Jr. 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. Misc. Publ. 991, For. Serv., U.S.D.A. Engel, H. 1908. Early stages of North American moths. Can. Ent. 40: 122-124. Evans, D. 1962. Descriptions and life history of Melanolophia imitata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Can. Ent. 94: 594-605. Grant, J. 1962. Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grote) in British Columbia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Br. Columb. 59: 56. Howden, H. F. 1966. Some possible effects of the Pleistocene on the distributions of North American Scarabaeidae (Colcoptera). Can. Ent. 98: 1177-1190. McGuffin, W. C. 1958. Larvae of the Nearctic Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Can. Ent. Suppl. 8. McGuffin, W. C. 1964. Setal patterns of the anterior abdominal segments of larvae of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Can. Ent. 96: 841-849. McGuffin, W. C. 1967. Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera). Part I. Subfamily Sterrhinae. Merit. Ent. Soc. Can., No. 50. Munroe, E. G. 1959. Canadian species of Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Can. Ent. 91: 65-72. Rindge, F. H. 1959. Descriptions of and notes on North American Geometridae (Lepidoptera, No. 4. Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 1968. pp. 8-11. Rindge, F. H. 1961. A revision of the Nacophorini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 123: 91-153. Rindge, F. H. 1964. A revision of the genera Carphoides, Paraphoides, and Galenara (Lepidoptera, Geome:ridae). Am. Mus. Novitates, No. 2189. pp. 28-53. Rindge, F. H. 1965. A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Glena (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 129: 265-306.

Volume 99 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1229 Rindge, F. H. 1966. A revision of the moth genus Anacamptodes (Lepidoptera, Cieometridae). Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 132: 177-243. Ross, D. A., and D. Evans. 1957. Annotated list of forest insects of British Columbia. Part V. Dioryctria spp. (Pyralidae). Proc. cut. Soc. Br. Columb. 53: 1-11. Ross, H. H. 1953. On the origin and composition of the Nearctic insect fauna. Evolution 7: 145-158. Thomas, J. B. 1966. Some Scolytidae from the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico. Can. Em. 98: 871-875. (Received 11 September 1967)