Po-Teen LIM, Chui-Pin LEAW Hong-Chang LIM, Toh-Hii TAN, Sing-Tung TENG, Kieng-Soon HII, Nyuk-Fong KON, Leh-Hie YEK, Roziawati Mohd Razali 1 FRST, UNIMAS 2 IBEC, UNIMAS 3 IOES, UM, FRI
Outline Nov 2012-2013 Protracted blooms of Pyrodinium bahamense in the west coast of Sabah Feb 2014 A phenomenal bloom of Karlodinium australe associated with fish kill Apr 2014 A shift in bloom organisms in the west coast of Sabah
November 2012-2013 PROTRACTED BLOOMS OF PYRODINIUM BAHAMENSE IN THE WEST COAST OF SABAH
Protracted blooms of P. bahmanse November 2012: Sabah Fisheries Dept. detected high PST in shellfish samples from the west coast of Sabah. January 2013: Two teenagers died. February 2013: A women died. Total of 43 PSP cases were reported. Pyrodinium bahamense
Sampling activity January 2013 and June 2013: Sampling trips were conducted by the team after the PSP outbreak in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Plankton samples collected were observed and toxin analysis performed.
February 2014 A PHENOMENAL BLOOM IN THE WEST JOHOR STRAIT THAT ASSOCIATED WITH MASS MORTALITY OF NET CAGE-CULTURED FISHES
Feb 11 Feb 14-16 Feb 20-23 Fish kill incident happened, started on Feb 11, 2014; became more serious on the following three subsequent days. It last for at least two weeks. Fish kill incident started. Massive fish kills reported in the press. Field sampling conducted.
Type of affected finfish cultured in net cages: - Red Snapper (Lutjanus sp.) - Estuary Cod (Epinephelus coioides Hamilton) - Seabass/Siakap (Lates calcarifer Bloch) - Paddletail Snapper (Lutjanus gibbus Forsskål) - Fourfinger Threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum Shaw)
Sampling area No. of net cages farm: 8-9
Cell composition Cell density of Karlodinium on 21 st February at West Johor Strait: 1-2.3 10 6 cells L -1
The unarmored dinoflagellate Karlodinium australe Cell length: 22.5 ± 2.1 µm Cell width: 16.2 ± 1.9 µm Nucleus: irregularrounded, anterior Chloroplast: >10 irregularly distributed peripherally
Molecular Evidence 28S LSU Tree Strong support with its closest sister species, K. armiger Molecular distance in range of 3.7-3.8% compared to K. armiger 6% compared to other species. CBCs found between sister taxa.
Fish Necropsy protruding eyes/reddening of the iris, discolored and skin sloughing, damaged gills, slightly brownish cast fins reddened at the base, Human skin irritation, itchiness and swelling
April 2014 A SHIFT IN BLOOM ORGANISMS IN THE WEST COAST OF SABAH
Shift in Bloom Organisms Oct-Nov 2013: Pyrodinium blooms subsided. Early Apr 2014: Red tides was observed along the west coast of Sabah. Investigations were undertaken.
Noctiluca blooms Photo courtesy of A. Puyong (SFD)
Sampling activity April 2014: Sampling trip was undertaken in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Plankton samples collected were observed.
Organisms identified: Cochlodinium polykrikoides Gonyaulax
A new toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia species PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA KODAMAE
Pseudo-nitzschia kodamae A new toxigenic species of Pseudo-nitzschia from Malaysian water was characterized. First confirmation of a DA-producing diatom from Malaysia.
Significant Achievement List of publications (Journal papers): 1. Tan, T.H., Lim, P.T., Mohd Razali, R., Leaw, C.P. (2013) Harmful Algal Species in the Tebrau Strait: An SEM Observation of the Dinofl agellate Assemblage. Annal of Microscopy 13: 4-13. 2. Teng, S.T., Lim, P.T., Lim, H.C., Leaw, C.P. (2013) The genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in Malaysia, including new records and a key to species inferred from morphology-based phylogeny. Botanica Marina DOI 10.1515/bot-2012-0194 [IF: 0.912 ISI] 3. Lim, H.C., Teng, S.T., Leaw, C.P., Lim, P.T. (2013) Three novel species in the Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima complex: P. batesiana sp. nov., P. lundholmiae sp. nov. and P. fukuyoi sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Journal of Phycology DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12101 [IF: 2.239 ISI] 4. Kon, Y.F., Hii, K.S., Tan, T.H., Yek, L.H., Lim, P.T., Leaw, C.P. (2013) First report of marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamutum (Dinophyceae) from Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 32:81-88 [Scopus] 5. Yek, L.H., Hii, K.S., Tan, T.H., Kon, N.F., Lim, P.T., Leaw, C.P. (2013) Rapid Detection of Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Minutum (Dinophyceae) Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish) Malaysian Journal of Science 32: 65-80 [Scopus] 6. Teng, S.T., Lim, H.C., Lim, P.T., Dao, V.H., Bates, S.S., Leaw, c.p. 2014. Pseudo-nitzschia kodamae sp. Nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a toxigenic species from the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Harmful Algae 34: 17-28. [IF: 2.9 ISI] 7. Kremp, A., Tahvanainen, P., Litaker, W., Krock, B., Suikkanen, S., Leaw, C.P., Tomas, C. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities. Journal of Phycology. 50: 81-100. DOI:10.1111/jpy.12134 [IF: 2.239 ISI]