Tile GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARI INFECTED CATS Auhor(s)KAMIYA Masao; OOI Hong-Kean; OKU Yuzaburo; YAGI CiaionJapanese Journal of Veerinary Research 33(3-4): 13 Issue Dae 1985-10-18 DOI 10.14943/jjvr.33.3-4.135 Doc URL hp://hdl.handle.ne/2115/2355 Type bullein File Informaion KJ00002374339.pdf Insrucions for use Hokkaido Universiy Collecion of Scholarly and Aca
lpn. j. Ve. Res. 33 135-140 (1985) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CATS Masao KAMIYA Hong-Kean 001 Yuzaburo OKU Kinpei YAGI* and Masashi OHBAYASHI (Received for publicaion June 12 1985) Cas which were experimenally infeced wih he Alaskan srain of Echinococcus mulilocularis showed a sudden decrease in he recovery rae afer day 10 posinfecion. The growh rae of he cesode in he inesine of ca is very much rearded as is evidenced by he slow increase in he lengh as well as he lae formaion of he poserior progloid as compared o hose recovered from dogs which were similarly infeced o serve as conrols. The abiliy of E. mulilocularis o develop normally o mauriy in he definiive hos even afer abou hree decades of passage in rodens in he form of secondary echinococcosis was also observed. Key words: E. mulilocularis experimenal infecion developmen cas dogs INTRODUCTION Unil he repor by AMBO e al. (1954) on he sponaneous occurrence of he adul cesode of Echinococcus mulilocularis in a domesic ca in Rebun Island norh-wes of Hokkaido Japan E. mulilocularis infecion in cas was eiher unknown or no invesigaed. However since hen naural infecion of E. mulilocularis in cas was repored in Saskaoon Canada (WOBESER 1972) Norh Dakoa U. S. A. (LEIBY & KRITSKY 1972) Baden-Wiiremburg W. Germany (ECKERT e al. 1974) Amman Jordan (MORSY e al. 1980) Saubian Alb W. Germany (ZEYHLE 1982) and Nemuro Japan (YAGI e al. 1984). LEIBY and KRITSKY (1972) sressed ha he domesic ca may be a source of E. mulilocularis infecions in humans. Despie his emphasis he acual role played by cas in he epidemiology of E. mulilocularis remains o be clarified because of he limied sudies on he growh and developmen of he cesode in he feline hos. Deparmen of Parasiology Faculy of Veerinary Medicine Hokkaido Universiy Sapporo 060 Japan * Hokkaido Insiue of Public Healh Sapporo Japan
136 KAMIYA M. e al. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven helminh-free cas 5-7 monhs old were each orally inoculaed wih 70000 prooscolices of he Alaskan srain of E. mulilocularis which had been mainained by inraperioneal passage of larval issue or prooscolices in rodens since 1955. Eiher one or wo cas were necropsied on days 7 10 15 25 and 30 posinoculaion (PI). Recovery and growh raes of he cesode in he digesive rac were examined. The recovered worms were fixed in 10% formalin and sained wih aceocarmine for microscopic observaion. As conrol seven dogs were also simulaneously infeced and he procedure was carried ou as described for he cas. RESULTS The recovery rae of E. mulilocularis from he inesinal racs of he infeced animals is shown in Fig. 1. On day 7 PI he recovery rae of he worms from boh 6 o o e\ 7 \ \ I FIGURE 1. -0-----0 e----------- -----------------e--------- e 10 15 25 DAYS AFTER INFECTION Recovery rae of Echinococcus mulilocularis in dogs ( 0-0) and cas ( ------. )
E. mulilocularis in cas 137 he dog and he ca examined was around 5% of he infecive dose bu on day 10 PI here was a sudden decrease in he recovery rae from he ca and he percenage recovered was 0.12. Furhermore he percenages of worms recovered from he cas on day 15 PI were 0 and 0.17; on days 25 and 30 were 0.09 and 0 respecively. On he conrary he recovery rae from he dogs was around 5% of he infecive dose hroughou he duraion of he experimen. The majoriy of he worms were recovered from he lower par of he small inesines in boh dogs and cas. No worm was recovered from he somachs of he infeced animals. The growh in lengh of E. mulilocularis in he inesines of cas and dogs is shown in Fig. 2. The growh rae as well as he developmen of he worms in he dogs were significanly faser han in he cas as evidenced by he majoriy of he worms having 2-3 progloids in he former and only 1 progloid in he laer on day 25 PI (Table 1). 3 S 2 E- en w 0 0 E-< en W U ~ 0 ::: E-< '-' 1 z W...l o 01 7 7 15 15 25 25 30 DAYS AFTER INFECTION FIGURE' 2 Developmen of Echinococcus mulilocularis in dogs (_) and cas (D )
138 KAMIYA M. e a. TABLE 1 Developmen of Echinococcus mulilocularis in dogs and cas DAYS AFTER HOST PERCENTAGE OF WORMS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF SEGMENTATION INFECTION S S+B S+B+l# S+2 S+B+2 S+3 7 ca (dog) 15 ca (dog) 25 ca (dog) 30 (dog) 78 22 (72) (28) 56 31 13 (3) (24) (58) 63 (15) 37 (10) (58) (32) (100) S: Scolex and neck B: Band # : Ineger refers o he number of segmens DISCUSSION Experimenal infecion of E. mulilocularis in cas had been repored by VOGEL (1957) RAUSCH and RICHARDS (1971) EASTMAN and WORLEY (1979) ANDERSEN e al. (1981) CRELLIN e a. (1981) ZEYHLE and BOSCH (1982) and THOMPSON and ECKERT (1983). However he emphases of all hese repors were on he suscepibiliy raher han he growh or devlopmen of E. mulilocularis in cas. Our resuls concurred wih hese repors ha he ca was an unsuiable hos for E. mulilocularis because of poor recovery rae. In he presen sudy we also showed ha he growh of E. mulilocularis in he ca inesines was rearded and slow as compared o in heir naural definiive hos he dog. However i is well known ha E. mulilocularis can develop o he sage having ovigerous srobilae in he ca. Laboraory mainenance of E. mulilocularis in rodens by vegeaive ransfer of larval issue is he sandard procedure used in many laboraories nowadays. The ecchinococcal maerials used in he presen sudy had been mainained in our laboraory since 1955. We showed ha afer nearly hree decades of passage in he form of secondary ecchinococcosis he prooscolices were sill normal and could maure in he inesine of he definiive hos. In fac gravid progloids were observed in he cesodes recovered from he dog on day 30 PI. The finding of sponaneous infecion of E. mulilocularis in cas in Hokkaido (AMBO e al. 1954; YAGI e al. 1984) indicaes ha his hos can no be disregarded in an epidemiological survey of he parasie. Since we used he Alaskan srain of E. mulilocularis in he presen sudy i is difficul o exrapolae our resuls o he
E. mulilocularis in cas 139 presen siuaion in Hokkaido which is an endemic area for his cesode. In order o elucidae role of cas in he epidemiology of E. mulilocularis in he local siuaion here in Hokkaido experimenal infecion on he suscepibiliy of cas o he Hokkaido srain of E. mulilocularis is now in progress III our deparmen. REFERENCES 1) ANDERSEN F. L. CRELLIN j. R. & Cox D. D. (1981): Efficacy of praziquanel agains immaure Echinococcus mulilocularis in dogs and cas Am. ]. Ve. Res. 42 1978-1979 2) AMBO H. ICHIKAWA K. IIDA H. & ABE N. (1954): On Echinococcus alveolaris endemic parasiosis on Rebun Island Spec. Rep. Hokkaido Ins. Publ. Hlh. 4 1-19 (In Japanese) 3) CRELLIN j. R. MARCHIONDO A. A. & ANDERSEN F. L. (1981): Comparison of suiabiliy of dogs and cas as hoss of Echinococcus mulilocularis Am. J. Ve. Res. 42 1980-1981 4) EASTMAN K. L. & WORLEY E. (1979): The muskra as an inermediae hos of Echinococcus mulilocularis in Monana J. Parasiol. 65 34 5) ECKERT J. MULLER B. & PARTRIDGE A.1. (1974): The domesic ca and dog as naural definiive hoss of Echinococcus (Alveococcus) mulilocularis in souhern Federal Republic of Germany Tropenmed. Parasiol. 25 334-337 6) LEIBY P. D. & KRITSKY D. C. (1972). Echinococcus mulilocularis: A possible domesic life cycle in cenral Norh America and is public healh implicaions f. Parasiol. 58 1213-1215 7) MORSY T. A. MICHEAL S. A. & DISI A. M. E. (1980): Ca as reservoir hoss of human parasies in Amman Jordan]. Eygp. Soc. Parasiol. 10 5-18 [Helminhol. Absr. 49 531 (1980) ] 8) RAUSCH R. L. & RICHARDS S. H. (1971): Observaions on parasie-hos relaionships of Echinococcus mulilocularis Leukar 1863 in Norh Dakoa Can. J. Zool. 49 1317-1330 9) THOMPSON R. C. A. & ECKERT j. (1983): Observaions on Echinococcus mulilocularis in he definiive hos Z. Parasikd. 69 335-345 10) VOGEL H. (1957): Uber den Echinococcus mulilocularis Siddeuschlands. 1. Das Bandwurmsadium von Sammen men schlicher und ierischer Herkunf Z. Tropenmed. Parasiol. 8 404-454 11) WOBESER G. (1971): The occurrence of Echinococcus mulilocularis (Leukar 1863) in cas near Saskaoon Saskachewan Can. Ve. J. 12 65-68 12) YAGI K. TAKAHASHI K. & HATTORI K. (1984): A case of immaure Echinococcus mulilocularis in a domesic ca in Nemuro easern Hokkaido Japan Rep. Hokkaido Ins. Publ. Hlh. 34 68-69 (In Japanese) 13) ZEYHLE E. (1982): Disribuion of Echinococcus mulilocularis in souh wes Germany In: Parasies-heir world and ours Absr. 5h In. Congr.. Parasiol. Torono Canada 7-14 Aug. 1982 258 Elsevier Biomedical Press Amserdam
140 KAMIYA M. e al. 14) ZEYHLE E. & BOSCH D. (1982): Comparaive expermenal infecions of cas and foxes wih Echinococcus mulilocularis Zbl. Bakeriol. Ab. Ref. 277 117-118