PORTUGAL TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS

PORTUGAL The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenic microbiological agents. IN 2012

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM Country: Portugal Reporting Year: 2012 Laboratory name Description Contribution INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária DGAV Direcção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária INSA Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr. Ricardo Jorge ASAE Autoridade de Segurança Alimentar e Económica IBCP Instituto Bacteriológico Câmara Pestana DGS - Direcção Geral de Saude R.A. MADEIRA Região Autónoma da Madeira R.A. Açores Região Autónoma dos Açores Laboratorio de Viseu FMV - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research National Veterinary Authority Reference laboratory belonging to the Ministry of Health National Authority for Food Safety Scientific Institute - National Reference Laboratory for Rabies National Authority for Human Health Regional Veterinary Services Madeira Regional Veterinary Services Azores Regional Veterinary Laboratory Veterinary School in Lisbon Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food anda animals Reporting Authority Co-ordination of report production Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans and foodborne outbreaks Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans and foodborne outbreaks Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food and animals Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food and animals Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food and animals Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in animals

INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM Laboratory name Description Contribution UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro IPIMAR Instituto das Pescas da Investigação e do Mar Veterinary School in Vila Real National Veterinary Laboratory Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food Data on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in food and animals Portugal - 2012

PREFACE This report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Portugal during the year 2012. The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that is published each year by EFSA. * Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, 17.11.2003, p. 31 Portugal - 2012

List of Contents 1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 1 2 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS 6 2.1 SALMONELLOSIS 7 2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 7 2.1.2 Salmonellosis in humans 9 2.1.3 Salmonella in foodstuffs 12 2.1.4 Salmonella in animals 27 2.1.5 Salmonella in feedingstuffs 44 2.1.6 Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution 46 2.1.7 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates 58 2.2 CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 93 2.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 93 2.2.2 Campylobacteriosis in humans 94 2.2.3 Campylobacter in foodstuffs 98 2.2.4 Campylobacter in animals 102 2.2.5 Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates 103 2.3 LISTERIOSIS 113 2.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation 113 2.3.2 Listeriosis in humans 114 2.3.3 Listeria in foodstuffs 115 2.4 E. COLI INFECTIONS 131 2.4.1 General evaluation of the national situation 131 2.4.2 E. coli infections in humans 133 2.4.3 Escherichia coli, pathogenic in foodstuffs 135 2.5 TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 137 2.5.1 General evaluation of the national situation 137 2.5.2 Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans 137 2.5.3 Mycobacterium in animals 140 2.6 BRUCELLOSIS 147 2.6.1 General evaluation of the national situation 147 2.6.2 Brucellosis in humans 148 2.6.3 Brucella in animals 149 2.7 YERSINIOSIS 165 2.7.1 General evaluation of the national situation 165 2.7.2 Yersiniosis in humans 166 2.8 TRICHINELLOSIS 169 2.8.1 General evaluation of the national situation 169 2.8.2 Trichinellosis in humans 169 2.8.3 Trichinella in animals 171 2.9 ECHINOCOCCOSIS 176 Portugal - 2012

2.9.1 General evaluation of the national situation 176 2.9.2 Echinococcosis in humans 177 2.10 TOXOPLASMOSIS 180 2.10.1 General evaluation of the national situation 180 2.10.2 Toxoplasmosis in humans 181 2.11 RABIES 184 2.11.1 General evaluation of the national situation 184 2.11.2 Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals 185 2.12 STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION 187 2.12.1 General evaluation of the national situation 187 2.12.2 Staphylococcus in foodstuffs 187 2.13 Q-FEVER 189 2.13.1 General evaluation of the national situation 189 2.14 WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTIONS 190 2.14.1 General evaluation of the national situation 190 3 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL 191 3.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC 192 3.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 192 3.1.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic 192 3.2 ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC 200 3.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 200 3.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates 200 4 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS 213 4.1 ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII 214 4.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation 214 4.1.2 Cronobacter in foodstuffs 214 4.2 HISTAMINE 215 4.2.1 General evaluation of the national situation 215 4.2.2 Histamine in foodstuffs 215 4.3 STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS 216 4.3.1 General evaluation of the national situation 216 4.3.2 Staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs 216 5 FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 219

1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of the animal population in the country. Portugal - 2012 1

A. Information on susceptible animal population Sources of information DGAV - Direcção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária Portugal - 2012 2

Table Susceptible animal populations Cattle (bovine animals) Deer meat production animals dairy cows and heifers calves (under 1 year) - in total farmed - in total Ducks - in total parent breeding flocks, unspecified - in total Number of herds or flocks * Only if different than current reporting year Number of slaughtered animals 47990 979836 24606 512125 41681 470133 58617 376510 1491961 35 15 2802640 768112 122 1290581 4562228 Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Gallus gallus (fowl) laying hens broilers - unspecified 1) 2) 184 3137995 6516829 1780 176415378 33363986 6356 Geese - in total 29 Goats meat production animals animals under 1 year 186727 30338 3

Table Susceptible animal populations Goats Pigs animals over 1 year milk goats - in total breeding animals fattening pigs breeding animals - unspecified - sows and gilts - in total meat production animals Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals 270711 144738 12918 138383 331465 195782 1673100 193802 4819 4476619 1873215 Livestock numbers (live animals) 1254152 Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* animals under 1 year (lambs) 331469 Sheep animals over 1 year 1702730 milk ewes 384680 - in total 26564 867916 2034199 Solipeds, domestic horses - in total 3184 Turkeys - in total 138 3525674 2006691 4

Table Susceptible animal populations Comments: 1) 2) Wild boars Includes free ranged broilers Guinea fowl farmed - in total Partridges - unspecified Quails - unspecified Ratites (ostrich, emu, nandu) - unspecified Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals 3 8680 4 9029996 211200 3 24 1086 Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* 5

2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses. Portugal - 2012 6

2.1 SALMONELLOSIS 2.1.1 General evaluation of the national situation A. General evaluation National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Salmonellosis in animals (other than Gallus gallus): The animals are sampled on a voluntary basis. The data come from sick animals sent to laboratory for bacteriological analysis or to control herds. There is a Control Programme for Gallus gallus (breeding flocks). There is also going a baseline study on the prevalence of salmonella in broilers (finished). Control measures are been taken in positive flocks of laying hens. There is also going on a baseline study (started on 2007), on the prevalence of salmonella in slaugherpigs and turkeys. Additional information Diagnostic techniques: Foodstuffs/Feedingstuffs - Screening: VIDAS SLM (AFNOR validation). Confirmation: ISO 6579 (2002). Serology: Rapid Plate Agglutination for S.pullorum/gallinarum. Bacteriology: ISO 6579 (2002) and D Annex. - Pre-enrichment in Buffered Peptone Water (for faeces, bedding, nests samples and fluffy) - Selective enrichment in MSRV (modified semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis) and Rappaport Vassiliadis with Soja broth. - Plating on solid media XLD and SM2 Agar. - Biochemical reactions by 32E or API 20E strips. Typing of Salmonella: Serotyping by Kauffman/White technique (searching of O antigens by plate agglutination and H antigens by tube agglutination). Serotyping of isolates is performed at LaboratÃ³rio Nacional de InvestigaÃ Ã o VeterinÃ ria (NRL). Phagetyping for Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium has started on January 1999, see data on the tables (not in routine analyses). Antimicrobial Susceptability testing of Salmonella: Resistance to antimicrobials is performed at LaboratÃ³rio Nacional de InvestigaÃ Ã o VeterinÃ ria ( NRL for Salmonella ) Â The resistance to antimicrobials is performed by disk diffusion Method in Mueller Hinton Plates. Â The antimicrobials tested are: AMP10, AMC30, CF30, CMX30, CTX30, SxT25, G10, K30, TE30, C30, S10, NA30, UB30, N30, D30, ENR5. Â The zone diameters are evaluated, following NCCLS Vol.19 nâº1, January 99. Portugal - 2012 7

2.1.2 Salmonellosis in humans Table Salmonella in humans - Species/serotype distribution Species/serotype Distribution S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Cases Cases Inc. Autochtho n cases Autochtho n Inc. Imported cases Imported Inc. Unknown status Salmonella 76 0 0 0 0 0 76 43 0 0 0 0 0 43 33 0 0 0 0 0 33 9

Table Salmonella in humans - Age distribution Age distribution S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Salmonella spp. All M F All M F All M F <1 year 0 0 0 3 0 3 1 0 1 1 to 4 years 8 5 3 13 10 3 8 5 2 5 to 14 years 21 10 11 4 3 1 5 2 3 15 to 24 years 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 25 to 44 years 1 1 0 1 0 1 7 3 3 45 to 64 years 3 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 0 65 years and older 2 0 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 Age unknown 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 Total : 43 18 19 29 16 9 29 14 11 10

Table Salmonella in humans - Seasonal distribution January February March April May June July August September October November Seasonal Distribution S. S. Salmonell Enteritidis Typhimuri a spp. um Months Cases Cases Cases 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 0 1 3 1 4 0 2 4 1 4 5 2 4 6 2 2 6 7 8 8 1 2 December not known Total : 4 5 2 0 0 0 43 29 29 11

2.1.3 Salmonella in foodstuffs Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Source of information DGAV ASAE DGAV ASAE ASAE Sampling strategy Objective Objective Sampler Sample type food sample > meat food sample > meat food sample > meat Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Domestic Single 25g 50 0 Domestic Batch 25g 100 0 Domestic Single 25g 20 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 185 11 3 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 20 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Meat from turkey - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample > meat Domestic Single 25g 15 0 Meat from turkey - fresh - at retail - Surveillance ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 25 0 Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to -eat - at retail - Surveillance ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 105 0 Meat from other poultry species - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - chilled - at retail ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 5 4 4 12

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from poultry, unspecified - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail Meat from turkey - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail Meat from turkey - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Source of information ASAE ASAE ASAE S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Sampling strategy Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Domestic Batch 25g 5 5 S. Enteritidis food sample Domestic Batch 25g 120 11 4 S. Typhimurium food sample Domestic Batch 25g 30 1 1 S. 4,5,12:i:- S. Agona S. Blockley S. Bredeney S. Derby S. Hadar S. Newport S. Rissen S. Saintpaul Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance 1 1 2 4 Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Meat from turkey - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance 13

Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from turkey - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to -eat - at retail - Surveillance Meat from other poultry species - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - chilled - at retail Meat from poultry, unspecified - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail Meat from turkey - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail Meat from turkey - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Salmonella spp., unspecified S. 4,5,12:i:- S. Agona S. Blockley S. Bredeney S. Derby S. Hadar S. Newport S. Rissen S. Saintpaul 5 3 2 1 1 Footnote: In the table, meat preparation from other poultry species refers to meat from coturnix coturnix 14

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - milk powder and whey powder - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from goats' milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Source of information ASAE ASAE DGAV DGAV DGAV DGAV Sampling strategy Objective Objective Objective Objective Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested food sample Domestic Batch 25g 20 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 310 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 2 Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Domestic Single 25g 3 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 6 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 7 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Cheeses made from sheep's milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample Domestic Single 25g 11 0 Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample Domestic Single 25g 1 0 Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample Domestic Single 25g 28 0 15

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - unspecified - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Source of information DGAV DGAV ASAE S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Sampling strategy Objective Objective Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Domestic Single 25g 1 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 4 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 115 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - milk powder and whey powder - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from cows' milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance 16

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Cheeses made from cows' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from goats' milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from sheep's milk - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - fresh - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Salmonella spp., unspecified Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Surveillance Cheeses, made from mixed milk from cows, sheep and/or goats - unspecified - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail 17

Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products 18

Table Salmonella in other food Eggs - table eggs - at packing centre - Surveillance Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - at retail - Surveillance Molluscan shellfish - cooked - at retail - Surveillance Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Vegetables - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - chilled - at processing plant - Surveillance Source of information DGAV DGAV ASAE ASAE ASAE ASAE DGAV Sampling strategy Objective Objective Objective Sampler Sample type Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Domestic 30 0 food sample Domestic 2 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 105 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 20 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 100 0 food sample Domestic Batch 25g 5 0 food sample Domestic 7 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - frozen - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample Domestic 2 0 Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at catering - Surveillance INSA HACCP and own checks food sample Domestic 25g 101 0 Live bivalve molluscs - at retail ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 165 5 Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at processing plant ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 20 2 Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample Domestic 33 1 19

Table Salmonella in other food Other processed food products and prepared dishes - meat based dishes - at retail Other processed food products and prepared dishes - sandwiches - at catering Other processed food products and prepared dishes - unspecified - ready-to-eat foods - at catering Other processed food products and prepared dishes - vegetable based dishes - at catering Ready-to-eat salads - at catering Source of information ASAE INSA INSA INSA INSA S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Sampling strategy Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampler Sample type HACCP and own checks HACCP and own checks HACCP and own checks HACCP and own checks Not typeable Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Domestic Batch 25g 60 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 23 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 1020 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 273 0 food sample Domestic Single 25g 136 0 S. 4,5,12:i:- S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Eggs - table eggs - at packing centre - Surveillance Fishery products, unspecified - cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - at retail - Surveillance Molluscan shellfish - cooked - at retail - Surveillance Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance 20

Table Salmonella in other food Vegetables - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - chilled - at processing plant - Surveillance Crustaceans - unspecified - cooked - frozen - at processing plant - Surveillance Fruits - pre-cut - ready-to-eat - at catering - Surveillance Live bivalve molluscs - at retail Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at processing plant Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at processing plant - Surveillance Other processed food products and prepared dishes - meat based dishes - at retail S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Salmonella spp., unspecified Not typeable 3 2 1 S. 4,5,12:i:- 2 Other processed food products and prepared dishes - sandwiches - at catering Other processed food products and prepared dishes - unspecified - ready-to-eat foods - at catering Other processed food products and prepared dishes - vegetable based dishes - at catering Ready-to-eat salads - at catering 21

Table Salmonella in other food 22

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from pig - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant - Surveillance Source of information DGAV ASAE DGAV ASAE DGAV RAA - LRV DGAV Sampling strategy Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Sampler Sample type food sample > meat Domestic Single 25g 40 7 food sample Domestic Single 25g 2 0 food sample > meat Domestic Single 25g 30 3 food sample Domestic Batch 10g 165 4 food sample > meat food sample > meat food sample > meat Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Domestic Single 25g 30 3 1 Domestic Batch 25g 10 0 Domestic Single 25g 60 2 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at retail - Surveillance ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 25g 430 14 4 Meat from bovine animals - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance RAA-LRV Objective food sample > carcase swabs Domestic Single 25g 2 0 Meat from bovine animals - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance DGAV Objective food sample > meat Domestic Single 25g 30 0 Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance RAA- LRV Objective food sample > meat Domestic Batch 25g 15 0 23

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - at processing plant Meat from pig - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Source of information RAA - LRV DGAV ASAE RAA-LRV RAA - LRV ASAE RAA-LRV Sampling strategy Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Sampler Sample type and industry food sample > meat food sample > meat Domestic Batch 25g 80 0 Domestic Single 25g 20 0 food sample Domestic Batch 10g 85 0 food sample > carcase swabs food sample > meat Domestic Single 450 9 Domestic Batch 25g 10 0 food sample Domestic Batch 10g 25 2 1 food sample > carcase swabs Sample origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Domestic Single 431 9 1 Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant RAA - LRV Objective food sample > meat Domestic Batch 25g 65 0 Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant ASAE food sample Domestic Batch 10g 40 1 Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance RAA - LRV Objective food sample > meat Domestic Batch 25g 15 0 Meat, mixed meat - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail ASAE food sample Batch 10g 30 1 24

Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - at processing plant Meat from pig - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Salmonella spp., unspecified 1 S. 4,5:i:- S. Budapest S. Derby S. London S. Pensacola S. Reading S. Rissen S. Wien 1 7 9 Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant 1 Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat, mixed meat - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail 1 26

2.1.4 Salmonella in animals A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - breeding flocks Monitoring system Sampling strategy Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) The frame shall cover all adult breeding flocks of Gallus gallus comprising at least 250 birds. Sampling is accomplished by the operator and by the official authority. Sampling is done at the holding. At the iniciative of the operator samples will be taken at day old, 4 weeks old birds, 2 weeks before laying phase and during the laying period, every two weeks. At day-old shall consist of internal linings of delivery boxes and dead chicks. At 4 weeks old and at two weeks before the laying phase shall consist of pooled faeces made up of separate samples of fresh faeces each weighing no less than 1 g taken at random from a number of sites in the building in which the birds are kept. During the laying phase will consist of 5 boot swabs representative of all parts of the house. In cage breeding flocks, consists of naturally mixed faeces from dropping belts, scrapers or deep pits 2 samples of at least 150 g will be collected to be tested individually. At the initiative of the official services is done at : Within four weeks following moving to laying phase or laying unit (24 weeks); During the production (44 weeks); Towards the end of the laying phase not earlier than 8 weeks before the end of the production cycle. Frequency of the Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Every flock is sampled. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period At the age of 4 weeks and 2 weeks before moving to the laying phase. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period Every 2 weeks. Type of specimen taken Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Portugal - 2012 27

Other: Internal linings of delivery boxes and dead chicks. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period Faeces. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period Faeces (boot swabs). Methods of (description of techniques) Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks The sample shall consist of a minimum of one composite sample of visibly soiled hatcher basket liners. The FBO must sample all dead birds at arrival. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period At 4 weeks old and 2 weeks before the laying phase the will consist of faecal samples. Pooled faeces made up of separate samples of fresh faeces each weighing no less than 1 g taken at random from a number of sites in the building in which the birds are kept. Breeding flocks: Production period During the laying phase 5 Pairs of boot swabs walking around to be done in a way which will sample representatively all parts of the sector.. In cage breeding flocks, consists of naturally mixed faeces from dropping belts, scrapers or deep pits. 2 samples of at least 150 g will be collected to be tested individually. Case definition Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium- Like, S. Hadar, S. Virchow and / or S. Infantis. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium- Like, S. Hadar, S. Virchow and / or S. Infantis. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium- Like, S. Hadar, S. Virchow and / or S. Infantis. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Day-old chicks Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Rearing period Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary): Production period Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Vaccination policy Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) Portugal - 2012 28

Vaccination is voluntary. Compulsive vaccination against Salmonella Enteritidis is done in the restocking, after the slaughter of a positive flock. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) The strategy is to reinforce surveillance, reinforce biosecurity measures, slaughter the positive flocks and restocking only when environmental samples are negative for Salmonella, with birds from flocks or herds that have undergone controls according to the legislation requirements, with negative results. All the restocking birds must be vaccinated against Salmonella Enteritidis. The strategy includes also a close cooperation with the associations of producers to implement different means to raise awareness of the producers. The Services have developed guidelines for the producer, as a tool in order to guide the implementation of the national programme. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) When there is a positive case in a flock = Salmonella sp detection Notification of the operator; Keep the flock in sanitary surveillance; Forcing to keep the update records; Evaluate the production records; Forcing to incubate the eggs from the suspect flock, separately. Whenever the results from serotyping are diferent from the serotypes relevant to the national programme, than: Additional biosecurity measures; Free practice The official control measures are withdrawn. When the result is serotype S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, than the flock will be under official restriction: Flock surveillance (under official control); Slaughter of the positive flock; Destruction of the incubated eggs; Non incubated eggs must be destroyed or be treated. After the destruction of the positive flock the holding and the environment must be cleaned and disinfected; The operator must collect environmental samples; The restocking of animals must take place from flocks or herds that have undergone controls (with negative results) according to the legislation requirements; All the restocking birds must be vaccinated against Salmonella Enteritidis. Portugal - 2012 29

Portugal - 2012 30

B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - broiler flocks Monitoring system Sampling strategy Broiler flocks Sampling is accomplished by the food business operator and by the competent authority. The is done at the holding. Sampling on the initiative of the food business operator shall take place within three weeks before the birds are moved to the slaughterhouse. Sampling by the competent authority includes each year at least one flock of broilers on 10 % of the holdings with more than 5 000 birds. It's done on a risk basis and each time the competent authority considers it necessary. Frequency of the Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm 3 weeks prior to slaughter. Type of specimen taken Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm Faeces (boot swabs) Methods of (description of techniques) Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm At least two pairs of boot swabs shall be taken. For free range flocks of broilers, samples shall only be collected in the area inside the house. All boot swabs will be pooled into one sample. In flocks with less than 100 broilers, when the access to the houses is not possible, the boot swabs may be replaced by hand drag swabs and rubbed over surfaces contaminated with fresh faeces, or if not feasible, by other techniques for faeces fit for the intended purpose. It shall be ensured that all sections in a house are represented in the in a proportionate way. Each pair should cover about 50 % of the area of the house. On completion of the boot swabs shall be carefully removed so as not to dislodge adherent material. Boot swabs may be inverted to retain material. They shall be placed in a bag or pot and labelled. Case definition Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm A flock of broilers is considered positive where the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis (other than vaccine strains) and/or Salmonella Typhimurium or Salmonella typhimurium -Like is detected in the flock at any occasion. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Portugal - 2012 31

Broiler flocks The strategy is to reinforce surveillance, reinforce biosecurity measures, slaughter the positive flocks and restocking only when environmental samples are negative for Salmonella, with birds from flocks or herds that have undergone controls according to the legislation requirements.the strategy includes also a close cooperation with the associations of producers to implement different means to raise awareness of the producers. The Services have developed guidelines for the producer, as a tool in order to guide the implementation of the national programme. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases Broiler flocks: Before slaughter at farm When there is a positive case in a flock = Salmonella sp detection Notification of the operator; Flock under official control (restriction); Forcing to keep update records. Whenever the results from serotyping are diferent from the serotypes relevant to the national programme, than: Additional biosecurity measures; Free practice The official control measures are withdrawn. When the result is serotype S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium than the flock will continue under official restriction: Flock surveillance (under official control) After the slaugther of the positive flock the holding and the environment must be cleaned and disinfected; The operator must collect environmental samples; The restocking of animals must take place from flocks or herds that have undergone controls (with negative results) according to the legislation requirements; Portugal - 2012 32

C. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - flocks of laying hens Monitoring system Sampling strategy Laying hens flocks The frame shall cover all flocks of laying hens of Gallus gallus Sampling is accomplished by the food business operator and by the competent authority. The is done at the holding. At the initiative of the operator samples will be taken at day old, 2 weeks before moving to laying phase and during the laying period, every fifteen weeks. The first at the laying period will take place at the age of 24 ± 2 weeks. At the initiative of the official services is done: In one flock per year per holding comprising at least 1 000 birds; At the age of 24 ± 2 weeks in laying flocks housed in buildings where Salmonella was detected in the preceding flock; In any case of suspicion of Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium infection, as a result of the epidemiological investigation of food-borne outbreaks in accordance with Article 8 of Directive 2003/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council In all other laying flocks on the holding in case Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Typhimurium are detected in one laying flock on the holding; In cases where the competent authority considers it appropriate Sampling protocol In cage flocks, 2 150 grams of naturally pooled faeces taken from all belts or scrapers in the house after running the manure removal system. In step cage houses without scrapers or belts: 2 150 grams of mixed fresh faeces collected from 60 different places beneath the cages in the dropping pits. In barn or free-range houses, two pairs of boot swabs or socks, without changing overboots between boot swabs. In the case of by the competent authority, it will be collected an additional sample of 150 grams naturally pooled faeces or an additional pair of boot swabs or socks. Frequency of the Laying hens: Day-old chicks Other: Internal linings of delivery boxes and dead chicks. Laying hens: Rearing period At the age of ± 18 weeks. Laying hens: Production period Every 15 weeks. Type of specimen taken Laying hens: Day-old chicks Portugal - 2012 33

Internal linings of delivery boxes. Laying hens: Rearing period Faeces. Laying hens: Production period Environmental sample: faeces. Methods of (description of techniques) Laying hens: Day-old chicks The sample shall consist of a minimum of one composite sample of visibly soiled hatcher basket liners. FBO must also sample all dead birds at arrival. Laying hens: Rearing period * In cage flocks, 2 150 grams of naturally pooled faeces taken from all belts or scrapers in the house after running the manure removal system. * In step cage houses without scrapers or belts: 2 150 grams of mixed fresh faeces collected from 60 different places beneath the cages in the dropping pits. * In barn or free-range houses, two pairs of boot swabs or socks, without changing overboots between boot swabs. Laying hens: Production period * In cage flocks, 2 150 grams of naturally pooled faeces taken from all belts or scrapers in the house after running the manure removal system. * In step cage houses without scrapers or belts: 2 150 grams of mixed fresh faeces collected from 60 different places beneath the cages in the dropping pits. * In barn or free-range houses, two pairs of boot swabs or socks, without changing overboots between boot swabs. In the case of by the competent authority, it will be collected an additional sample of 150 grams naturally pooled faeces or an additional pair of boot swabs or socks. Case definition Laying hens: Day-old chicks At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium (including S.T-Like). Laying hens: Rearing period At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium (including S.T-Like). Laying hens: Production period At least one positive sample to S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium(including S.T-Like). Diagnostic/analytical methods used Laying hens: Day-old chicks Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Laying hens: Rearing period Portugal - 2012 34

Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Laying hens: Production period Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Vaccination policy Laying hens flocks Vaccination programmes against Salmonella Enteritidis are applied during the rearing phase. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Laying hens flocks The strategy is to reinforce surveillance, reinforce biosecurity measures, slaughter the positive flocks and restocking only when environmental samples are negative for Salmonella, with birds from flocks or herds that have undergone controls according to the legislation requirements. The eggs of the positive flock will be destructed or send to heat treated egg-products. All birds must be vaccinated against Salmonella Enteritidis. The strategy includes also a close cooperation with the associations of producers to implement different means to raise awareness of the producers. The Services have developed guidelines for the producer, as a tool in order to guide the implementation of the national programme. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases Laying hens flocks When there is a positive case in a flock = Salmonella sp detection Notification of the operator; Keep the flock in sanitary surveillance; Forcing to keep the update records; Evaluate the production records. Keep the eggs in the holding or send them to eggs products. Whenever the results from serotyping are diferent from the serotypes relevant to the national programme, than: Additional biosecurity measures Free practice The official control measures are withdrawn. When the result is serotype S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium than the flock will be under official restriction: Flock surveillance (under official control) Eggs must be destroyed or be treated After the destruction of the positive flock the holding and the environment must be cleaned and disinfected; The operator must collect environmental samples; The restocking of animals must take place from flocks or herds that have undergone controls according to Portugal - 2012 35

the legislation requirements; All birds must be vaccinated against Salmonella Enteritidis. Portugal - 2012 36

D. Salmonella spp. in turkey - breeding flocks and meat production flocks Monitoring system Sampling strategy Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) There are no breeding flocks of turkeys in Portugal. Meat production flocks Sampling is accomplished by the food business operator and by the competent authority. The is done at the holding. Sampling on the initiative of the food business operator takes place within three weeks before the birds are moved to the slaughterhouse. Sampling by the competent authority includes once a year, all flocks on 10 % of the holdings with at least 500 fattening turkeys and: all flocks on the holding when one flock tested positive for Salmonella Enteritidis or SalmonellaTyphimurium in samples taken by the food business operator, unless the meat of the turkeys in the flocks is destined for industrial heat treatment or another treatment to eliminate salmonella, and all flocks on the holding when one flock tested positive for Salmonella enteritidis or Salmonella typhimurium during the previous round in samples taken by the food business operator, and each time the competent authority considers it necessary. Frequency of the Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm 3 weeks prior to slaughter Type of specimen taken Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm Faeces Methods of (description of techniques) Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm At least two pairs of boot swabs shall be taken. For free range flocks, samples will only be collected in the area inside the house. All boot swabs must be pooled into one sample. In flocks with less than 100 turkeys, where it is not possible to use boot swabs as access to the houses is not possible, they may be replaced by hand drag swabs, where the boot swabs or socks are worn over gloved hands and rubbed over surfaces contaminated with fresh faeces, or if not feasible, by other techniques for faeces fit for the intended purpose.it shall be ensured that all sections in a house are represented in the in a proportionate way. Each pair should cover about 50 % of the area of the house. On completion of the boot/sock swabs shall be carefully removed so as not to dislodge adherent material. Boot swabs may be inverted to retain material. They shall be placed in a bag or pot and labelled. Case definition A flock of turkeys is considered positive where the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis and/or Salmonella Portugal - 2012 37

Typhimurium including Salmonella Typhimurium -Like (other than vaccine strains) is detected in the flock at any occasion. Monitoring system Case definition Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm A flock of turkeys is considered positive where the presence of Salmonella enteritidis and/or Salmonella typhimurium including Salmonella Typhimurium -Like (other than vaccine strains) is detected in the flock at any occasion. Diagnostic/analytical methods used Meat production flocks: Before slaughter at farm Bacteriological method: ISO 6579:2002. Control program/mechanisms The control program/strategies in place Meat production flocks The strategy is to reinforce surveillance, reinforce biosecurity measures, slaughter the positive flocks and restocking only when environmental samples are negative for Salmonella, with birds from flocks or herds that have undergone controls (with negative results) according to the legislation requirements.the strategy includes also a close cooperation with the associations of producers to implement different means to raise awareness of the producers. The Services have developed guidelines for the producer, as a tool in order to guide the implementation of the national programme. Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases When there is a positive case in a flock = Salmonella sp detection Notification of the operator; Flock surveillance (under official control); Forcing to keep update records; Evaluate the production records; Whenever the results from serotyping are diferent from the serotypes relevant to the national programme, than: Additional biosecurity measures Free practice The official control measures are withdrawn. When the result is serotype S. Enteritidis and/or S. Typhimurium than the flock will be under official restriction: Flock surveillance (under official control) After the slaugther of the positive flock the holding and the environment must be cleaned and disinfected; The operator must collect environmental samples; The restocking of animals must take place from flocks or herds that have undergone controls according to the legislation requirements; Portugal - 2012 38