Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type A Abomasal bloat diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 460 461 Abomastitis diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 460 461 Abomasum in adult cattle, 502 506 Abortion diagnosis among ruminants, 407 418 approach to, 413 bacterial infections and, 413 415 clinical history and, 409 410 costs related to, 407 408 maternal and fetal serology and, 412 413 mycotic infections and, 415 416 noninfectious abortion, 417 placenta and, 410 412 prevalence of, 407 prevention of, 408 protozoa and, 416 routes of infection, 409 sample submission and, 410 viral infections and, 415 vs. stillbirth vs. liveborn, 408 409 Acidosis rumen diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 Alberta Dairy Hoof Health Project, 543 544 Alimentary disease gross lesions of in adult cattle, 483 513. See also Gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in adult cattle, gross examination of Alimentary system diagnostic sampling and gross, 582 583 Arthrogryposis in food animals, 530 531 Vet Clin Food Anim 28 (2012) 593 605 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(12)00071-0 vetfood.theclinics.com 0749-0720/12/$ see front matter ª 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
594 Index B Bacterial infections abortion diagnosis related to, 413 415 Bovine papular stomatitis in adult cattle, 497, 498, 502, 503 Bovine respiratory disease, 419 441 in beef herd ongoing problems related to case example, 433 434 causes of, 422 425 clinical vs. epidemiologic features of, 430 in dairy calves case example, 420 433 described, 420 421 diagnosis of sampling in, 430 gross pathologic examination in, 426 427 identification of laboratory testing in case example, 435 438 morphologic patterns of, 428 negative diagnostic laboratory data interpretation of, 432 tissue sampling at necropsy, 431 upper respiratory disease in diary herd serologic investigation of case example, 434 435 Brain gross in food animals, 523 527 Button ulcers chronic in adult cattle, 507 509 BVDv infections diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 460 C Calf(ves) diarrhea in field necropsy for, 443 444 neonatal diarrhea in, 465 481. See also Neonatal calf diarrhea Camelid(s) New World diagnostic sampling and gross, 577 591. See also New World camelids (NWCs), diagnostic sampling and gross Cardiovascular system
Index 595 diagnostic sampling and gross, 586 587 Central nervous system (CNS) diseases of in food animals, 515 534. See also Neuropathology, in food animals diagnosis of examination in living animals, 517 518 postmortem examination, 518 523 signalment and history in, 516 517 Cerebrum laminar cortical necrosis of in food animals, 529 530 Claw capsule fractures of, 546 loss of injuries/conditions involving, 546 547 Claw zone in clinical diagnosis of footlameness, 540 542 Clostridium spp. C. difficile diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 449 C. perfringens type C diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 449 Coccidia diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 457 Copper deficiency diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 462 Copper toxicosis, 562 563 Coronavirus diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 458 460 Cryptosporidium spp. diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 455 457 D Dairy cows mastitis problems in molecular diagnostics applied to, 565 576. See also Mastitis, in dairy cows, molecular diagnostics applied to Deep digital sepsis conditions, 544 546 Degloving injuries, 546 547 Dermatitis papillomatous digital, 547 548 Diagnostic(s) in food animals, 515 534 Diagnostic sample submission field necropsy and, 391 405 handling, packaging, and shipping, 401 404 knife-sharpening skills in, 392 394 Diarrhea in calves field necropsy for, 443 444
596 Index Diarrhea (continued) neonatal, 465 481. See also Neonatal calf diarrhea 3 months old or younger infectious causes of, 448 462 abomasal bloat, 460 461 abomastitis, 460 461 BVDv, 460 C. difficile, 449 C. perfringens type C, 449 coccidia, 457 coronavirus, 458 460 Cryptosporidium spp., 455 457 E. coli, 449 453 nutrition-associated, 461 462 rotavirus, 458 460 Salmonella spp., 453 455 Torovirus, 460 in dairy and beef cattle causes of. See also specific pathogens techniques for diagnosis of pathogens, 445 448 clinical history in, 443 diagnostics of, 443 464. See also specific pathogens and Diarrhea, in calves, 3 months old or younger, infectious causes described, 443 444 E Encephalitis in food animals gross brain and spinal cord in evaluation of, 523 525 Endocrine system diagnostic sampling and gross, 588 Enteritis in adult cattle, 506, 507 fibrinonecrotizing in adult cattle, 507, 508 hemorrhagic in adult cattle, 507, 508 Enterobacter spp. mastitis problems in dairy cows related to molecular diagnostics applied to, 572 574 Escherichia coli attaching and effacing diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 449 451 enterotoxigenic diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 451 453 Esophagus in adult cattle, 491 496
Index 597 F Fetlock joint of rear leg disorders involving, 554 Fibrinonecrotizing enteritis in adult cattle, 507, 508 Field necropsy for calf diarrhea, 443 444 of cattle, 391 405 diagnostic sample submission and, 391 405 knife-sharpening skills in, 392 394 with minimal loose parts, 394 399 abdominal cavity examination, 398 399 anatomy review, 394 brain access, 394 395 gross pathology, 394 opening abdomen and thorax, 396 397 opening hide and reflecting legs, 395 396 oral cavity and neck structures examination, 396 ruminant on its left side, 394 thoracic cavity examination, 397 398 recording of observations in, 399 401 Fluke(s) rumen in adult cattle, 501 502 Food animals neuropathology and diagnostics in, 515 534 Foot (feet) lameness of clinical diagnosis of, 535 548. See also Lameness, foot, clinical diagnosis of Forestomachs in adult cattle, 496 497 Fracture(s) of claw capsule and P3, 546 Fungus(i) diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 G Gait abnormalities of foot lameness and observation for, 537 538 Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in adult cattle gross examination of, 483 513 general considerations in, 485 487 color changes, 485
598 Index Gastrointestinal (continued) luminal content features, 486 487 mucosal surface integrity, 485 486 size variation, 486 lesion categorization, 485 necropsy examination, 483 485 gross lesions of categorization of, 485 sample collection for, 510, 511, 487 512 abomasum, 502 506 esophagus, 491 496 forestomachs, 496 497 intestines, 506 511 omasum, 497, 499 503 oropharynx, 487 491 reticulum, 497 rumen, 497, 499 503 GIT. See Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) Granulomatous ileitis in adult cattle, 508, 510 H Hemolymphatic system diagnostic sampling and gross, 578 579 Hemorrhagic enteritis in adult cattle, 507, 508 Hemorrhagic serositis in adult cattle, 506 507 Hepatic system diagnostic sampling and gross, 583 585 Hindlimb posture foot lameness and clinical diagnosis of rear view in, 537 Hip joint of rear leg disorders involving, 551 552 Hock joint of rear leg disorders involving, 553 554 Hydraencephaly in food animals gross brain and spinal cord in evaluation of, 525 527 Hydrocephalus in food animals gross brain and spinal cord in evaluation of, 525 527
Index 599 I Ileitis granulomatous in adult cattle, 508, 510 Integumentary system diagnostic sampling and gross, 579 580 Intestine(s) in adult cattle, 506 511 Ionophore toxicosis, 561 562 J Jejunal hemorrhagic syndrome in adult cattle, 510, 511 Joint disorders of rear leg disorders involving, 551 554 fetlock joint, 554 hip joint, 551 552 hock joint, 553 554 stifle joint, 552 553 K Knife-sharpening skills in field necropsy and diagnostic sample submission, 392 394 L Lameness foot clinical diagnosis of, 535 548 Alberta Dairy Hoof Health Project, 543 544 in dairy records lack of information, 542 543 deep digital sepsis conditions, 544 546 degloving injuries, 546 547 described, 535 536 examination of foot, 539 540 fractures of claw capsule and P3, 546 injuries/conditions involving loss of claw capsule, 546 547 laminitis, 547 locomotion scoring in, 538 539 observation for abnormalities of gait, 537 538 observation for detection of postural abnormalities, 536 537 papillomatous digital dermatitis, 547 548 rear view of hindlimb posture, 537 septic tenosynovitis, 546 visual appearance, location, and claw zone affected in, 540 542
600 Index Lameness (continued) leg clinical diagnosis of approach to, 548 back legs, 550 551 front legs, 548 550 rear leg joint disorders, 551 554 Laminar cortical necrosis of cerebrum in food animals, 529 530 Laminitis, 547 Lead intoxication in adult cattle, 497, 498 Leg(s) disorders of clinical diagnosis of, 548 554. See also Lameness, leg, clinical diagnosis of lameness of clinical diagnosis of, 548 554. See also Lameness, leg, clinical diagnosis of Leg Score System in rear view of hindlimb posture in clinical diagnosis of foot lameness, 537 Liveborn vs. stillbirth vs. abortion, 408 409 Locomotion scoring in clinical diagnosis of foot lameness, 538 539 M Mastitis in dairy cows described, 565 566 molecular diagnostics applied to, 565 576 Enterobacter spp. related, 572 574 Mycoplasma spp. related, 569 571 primary diagnosis of pathogens, 566 567 Staphylococcus aureus related, 567 568 strain typing methods, 566 Streptococcus uberi related, 571 572 Meningitis in food animals gross brain and spinal cord in evaluation of, 523 525 Meningoencephalitis in food animals gross brain and spinal cord in evaluation of, 523 525 Milk replacers diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 Molybdenosis diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 462 Musculoskeletal system diagnostic sampling and gross, 585
Index 601 Mycoplasma spp. in dairy cows molecular diagnostics applied to, 569 571 Mycotic infections abortion diagnosis related to, 415 416 Mycotic rumenitis in adult cattle, 499, 501 Myelodysplasia in food animals, 530 531 N Necrobacillosis in adult cattle, 499, 500 Neonatal calf diarrhea biocontainment of, 476 477 described, 465 466 field disease diagnostic investigation of, 465 481 agent factors in, 470 471 assure appropriate treatment in, 467 characterize outbreak by time, space, and unit in, 468 469 communicate observations and findings with key persons in, 477 define case in, 467 468 define population at risk in, 468 determine nature of outbreak in, 469 develop hypotheses about possible causal risk factors in, 469 develop strategies to prevent new cases and future outbreaks in, 475 477 environmental factors in, 472 establish system for recording information in, 467 host factors in, 471 472 identify factors responsible for, 467 474 principles of, 466 467 temporal factors in, 472 test causal hypotheses using epidemiologic principles in, 472 474 verify diagnosis in, 467 Nervous system diagnostic sampling and gross, 580 581 Neuropathology in food animals, 515 534. See also specific disorders and Central nervous system (CNS), diseases of, in food animals arthrogryposis, 530 531 cerebellar pathology, 527 529 gross brain and spinal cord, 523 527 laminar cortical necrosis of cerebrum, 529 530 myelodysplasia, 530 531 spina bifida, 530 531 New World camelids (NWCs) diagnostic sampling and gross, 577 591 alimentary system, 582 583 cardiovascular system, 586 587
602 Index New World (continued) endocrine system, 588 hemolymphatic system, 578 579 hepatic system, 583 585 integumentary system, 579 580 musculoskeletal system, 585 nervous system, 580 581 pancreas, 582 peritoneum, 582 reproductive system, 587 588 respiratory system, 586 urinary system, 582 Noninfectious abortion among ruminants, 417 Nutrition diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 462 NWCs. See New World camelids (NWCs) O Omasum in adult cattle, 497, 499 503 Omental fat necrosis massive in adult cattle, 508, 510 Oropharynx in adult cattle, 487 491 P P3 fractures of, 546 Pancreas diagnostic sampling and gross, 582 Papilloma rumen in adult cattle, 502, 503 Papillomatosis esophageal in adult cattle, 496, 497 Papillomatous digital dermatitis, 547 548 Peritoneum diagnostic sampling and gross, 582 Peyer s patch necrosis in adult cattle, 507, 509 Poisoning(s) ruminant diagnostics related to, 557 564. See also Ruminant poisoning, diagnostics related to
Index 603 Polioencephalomalacia in food animals, 529 530 Protozoa abortion diagnosis related to, 416 R Reproductive system diagnostic sampling and gross, 587 588 Respiratory disease bovine, 419 441. See also Bovine respiratory disease Respiratory system diagnostic sampling and gross, 586 Reticuloperitonitis in adult cattle, 497, 498 Reticulum in adult cattle, 497 Rotavirus diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 458 460 Rumen in adult cattle, 497, 499 503 Rumen acidosis diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461 Rumen flukes in adult cattle, 501 502 Rumen papilloma in adult cattle, 502, 503 Rumenitis mycotic in adult cattle, 499, 500 Ruminant(s) abortion diagnostics among, 407 418. See also Abortion diagnosis, among ruminants Ruminant poisoning diagnostics related to, 557 564 case examples adult beef cows dying in spring, 558 560 copper toxicosis, 562 563 determination of mineral status in ruminants, 560 561 ionophore toxicosis, 561 562 unknown cause of death in multiple animals, 561 sources of, 557 S Salmonella spp. diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 453 455
604 Index Septic tenosynovitis, 546 Serositis hemorrhagic in adult cattle, 506 507 Spina bifida in food animals, 530 531 Spinal cord abnormalities of in food animals causes of, 530 533 gross in food animals, 523 527 Staphylococcus aureus mastitis problems in dairy cows related to molecular diagnostics for, 567 568 Stifle joint of rear leg disorders involving, 552 553 Stillbirth vs. abortion vs. liveborn, 408 409 Stomatitis bovine papular in adult cattle, 497, 498, 502, 503 Streptococcus uberi mastitis problems in dairy cows related to molecular diagnostics applied to, 571 572 T Tenosynovitis septic, 546 Torovirus diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 460 Toxicology ruminant diagnostics related to, 557 564. See also Ruminant poisoning, diagnostics related to U Ulcer(s) button chronic in adult cattle, 507 509 Unguiculliform papillae in adult cattle, 502 Urinary system diagnostic sampling and gross, 582
Index 605 V Viral infections abortion diagnosis related to, 415 Y Yeast diarrhea in calves 3 months old or younger due to, 461