Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS Vol. 313, No. 1, 2009, рр. 23 32 УДК 595.729 CRICKETS OF THE FAMILY MOGOPLISTIDAE (ORTHOPTERA) FROM ASCENSION AND SAINT HELENA ISLANDS, ATLANTIC OCEAN Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: orthopt@zin.ru ABSTRACT Six species of Mogoplistidae were found in Ascension and Saint Helena islands. All of them are members of the tribe Arachnocephalini. Five of them are new and belonging to a new genus (Discophallus, gen. nov.: D. ascension, sp. nov., D. philipi, sp. nov., D. myrtleae, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov., D. amplus, sp. nov.). Three of them are from Ascension I. and two, from Boatswainbird I. (a small island situated near the previous one); one species, Cycloptiloides canariensis (Bol.), is presented in Ascension and St. Helena islands. Descriptions of new taxa and a key for species determination are given. Key words: Ascension and Saint Helena islands, Mogoplistidae, key for determination, new taxa, Orthoptera РЕЗЮМЕ На островах Вознесения и Святой Елены обнаружено 6 видов Mogoplistidae. Все они представители трибы Arachnocephalini. Пять из них новые и принадлежащие к новому роду (Discophallus, gen. nov.: D. ascension, sp. nov., D. philipi, sp. nov., D. myrtleae, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov., D. amplus, sp. nov.). Три из них собраны на о. Вознесения и два на маленьком островке (Фаэтонов о-в), расположенном около предыдущего острова; один вид Cycloptiloides canariensis (Bol.) представлен на островах Вознесения и Св. Елены. Даны описания новых таксонов и таблица для определения видов. INTRODUCTION The Mogoplistidae includes small and non flying crickets having body covered by the numerous squamellae. This family is most diverse in tropical forests, but it is not very rich. Its representatives live mainly on trees and able to reach numerous oceanic islands on natural tree rafts. However such penetration of far islands is a rare phenomenon, and the Mogoplistidae usually forms in each of these islands (or island groups) one or several endemic species. Study of male genitalia in this family was started rather recently (Gorochov 1984; Ingrisch 2006). It shown importance of these structures in superspecies taxonomy and allowed me to divide the Mogoplistidae into 2 tribes (Mogoplistini and Arachnocephalini), but the generic system of this family continues to be in need of serious revision, as male genitalia are unknown or insufficiently studied in majority of its genera and species. This paper is based on material collected in 1990 2003 by Ph.N. Ashmole and M.J. Ashmole (Di vision of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh), husband and wife research team. These investigators published a characteristics of the islands studied, including a description of their recent nature and a reconstruction of their prehistoric ecosystems (Ashmole and Ashmole 1997, 2000). Also they firstly recorded the presence of Mogoplistidae in these islands, but without tribal, generic, and species determinations. The material here examined (including type specimens) is mainly deposited in the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH), but some specimens, in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIN).
24 Key for determination of Mogoplistidae species from Ascension and St. Helena islands 1. Body medium-sized or large (length of hind fe mora not less than 5.5 mm). Area between antennal cavities rather narrow about 1.5 times as wide as scape (Figs. 1, 5, 9, 13). Hind lobe of male pronotum comparatively short covering about half or smaller part of tegmina (Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15). Male paraproctal processes rather short and partly membranous (Figs. 22, 26, 30, 34); male genital plate with round apex (Figs. 23, 27, 31, 35); male genitalia with proximal disclike spiral (Figs. 43 46); distal part of ovipositor more gradually narrowing to rounded apex (Fig. 37). [Ascension I., Boatswainbird I.] (genus Discophallus gen. nov.)......................... 2 Body small (length of hind femora 3 4 mm). Area between antennal cavities wide 2.3 times as wide as scape (Fig. 17). Hind lobe of male pronotum very long covering much more than half of tegmina (Figs. 18, 20). Male paraproctal processes rather long and completely sclerotized (Figs. 38, 39); male genital plate with slightly concave apex (Fig. 40); proximal part of male genitalia different loop-like (see Gorochov 1984: Figs. 20, 21); distal part of ovipositor less gradually narrowing to almost acute apex (Fig. 42). [Ascension I., St. Helena I.]....... Cycloptiloides canariensis (Bol.) 2. Epicranium (excepting eyes), clypeus, and pronotum dark in most part or with distinct dark areas (Figs. 1 3, 5 7, 9 11)....................... 3 Epicranium (excepting eyes), clypeus, and pronotum almost uniformly light (Figs. 13 15)..... 5 3. Epicranium with small or almost indistinct light spot approximately between anterior edges of eyes (Figs. 1, 2, 9, 10). Anterior half of pronotum dark with somewhat lighter both median line and not large spot almost at centre of disc (Figs. 2, 3, 10, 11). Legs rather short fore femora 1.2 1.3 times as long as width of head. [Ascension I.].. 4 Epicranium with large light spot approximately between anterior edges of eyes (Figs. 5, 6). Pronotum light with a few not large dark spots on anterior part and lateral lobes, a pair of reddish spot on disc, and slightly darkened hind lobe (Figs. 6, 7). Legs long fore femora 1.6 times as long as width of head. [Boatswainbird I.].......................................... Discophallus philipi, sp. nov. 4. Head dark brown with distinct small light marks (Fig. 1). Pronotum with almost completely dark hind lobe (Fig. 2); other parts of thorax and coxae of fore and middle legs light with distinct small dark and darkish spots (Fig. 3). Abdomen partly dark.............discophallus ascension, sp. nov. Head more or less uniformly brown with weakly distinct light marks (Fig. 9). Pronotum with light brown hind lobe (Fig. 10); other parts of thorax and coxae uniformly light (Fig. 11). Abdomen completely light brown............................................ Discophallus myrtleae, sp. nov. 5. Body medium-sized (length of hind femora 6.8 7.2 mm). Legs not very long fore femora 1.5 tim es as long as width of head. [Ascension I.]........................Discophallus pallidus, sp. nov. Body large (length of hind femora about 10.5 mm). Legs very long fore femora 1.7 times as long as wide of head. [Boatswainbird I.].................................... Discophallus amplus, sp. nov. SYSTEMATICS Tribe Arachnocephalini Gorochov, 1984 Genus Discophallus, gen. nov. Etymology. This name originates from discus (Greek) disc and phallus (Greek) phallus. Type species. Discophallus ascension sp. nov. Diagnosis. Body medium-sized or large in relation to other members of this tribe. Head comparatively weakly dorsoventrally depressed; clypeus between antennal cavities almost 1.5 times as wide as scape (Figs. 1, 5, 9, 13). Male pronotum with moderately long hind lobe covering about half of tegmina or somewhat less (Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15). Legs with rather small rounded tympanum on only inner surface of fore tibiae; hind femora typical of tribe strongly widened (adapted to strong jumps); 2nd segments of all tarsi practically not widened (Figs. 4, 8, 12, 16). Tegmina developed in male only, extending to 2nd or 3rd abdominal tergites, with developed stridulatory apparatus and roundly truncate distal edge of dorsal part (Figs. 2, 6, 10, 14). Male anal plate simple, with rounded or truncate apex (Figs. 21, 25, 29, 33); male paraprocts with partly membranous processes (titillators) (Figs. 22, 26, 30, 34); genital (= subgenital) plates of male and female simple typical of tribe (Figs. 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36); male genitalia with 3 distinct lobes of epiphallic fold (having slight sclerotizations on dorsal surface) and very characteristic proximal disc-like spiral connected with distal
Mogoplistidae of Ascension and St. Helena Islands 25 part of genitalia by a pair of thin sclerotized ribbons (Figs. 43 46); ovipositor comparatively long and without any denticles at apex; its distal part gradually narrowing to rounded apex (Fig. 37). Included species. Type species; D. philipi, sp. nov.; D. myrtleae, sp. nov.; D. pallidus, sp. nov.; D. amplus, sp. nov. (see also Note below). Comparison. This genus is similar to Ornebius Guér.-Mén., but distinguished by the somewhat wider distance between antennal cavities (in Ornebius, it is usually 1.2 1.3 times as wide as scape), narrow tarsal segments (in Ornebius, 2nd segment of all tarsi is widened), and presence of proximal disc-like spiral in male genitalia (in majority of the Ornebius species with male genitalia studied, the proximal part of these genitalia has different structure). From other genera of Arachnocephalini, the new genus differs in the same characters as well as not very long hind lobe of male pronotum, presence of tympanum and of male tegmina, different structure of male paraproctal processes, and non denticulate ovipositor. Note. This characteristic type of male genitalia was found by me in 1994, when I firstly extracted genitalia in male (syntype) of Arachnocephalus steini Saussure 1877 from the Philippines (Figs. 47, 48). This species is a typical representative of Arachnocephalus Costa in general appearance including the distinct widening of 2nd tarsal segment, but its male genitalia are very different from those of the Arachnocephalus type species. Moreover, genitalia of this type were found by me also in some males from Vietnam and Thailand; they must belong to the genera Ornebius and Ectatoderus Guér.-Mén. in accordance with the traditional views on diagnostic characters in these genera, and their genitalia are strongly different from those in other representatives of these genera. Similar data were also presented by Ingrisch (2006) in his recent paper on Indo-Malayan Mogoplistidae. If the presence of a characteristic disc-like spiral in the male genitalia of these species and of the species included here in Discophallus, gen. nov. is not a result of convergence, it is reasonable to include all these species in the genus Discophallus, gen. nov. In this case, the absence of distinct widening of 2nd tarsal segment may be interpreted as a synapomorphy of representatives of this genus from Ascension I., as all other species of the genera close related to Discophallus, gen. nov. (including Arachnocephalus, Ectatoderus, and Ornebius) and the above-mentioned possible representatives of this genus from Indo-Malayan region have 2nd tarsal segment widened for attachment to leaves of trees. So, it is possible to suppose that the narrowing of 2nd tarsal segment occurred in a general ancestor of the 5 species described here as an adaptation to non phitophilous life (life not on plants) in Ascension I., and that this ancestor originated from a phitophilous species of Discophallus, gen. nov. having the 2nd tarsal segment widened; the latter species might reach this island on tree raft. The hypotheses about absence of forests in prehistoric nature of Ascension I. and about natural colonization of this island by the Mogoplistidae were also proposed some years ago (Ashmole and Ashmole 1997). Discophallus ascension, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 4, 21 24, 43, 44) Etymology. This name originates from Ascension I. Type material. Holotype male, Ascension I., Shore, South Gannet lava flow, 20 24.III.1990, No. 0284Asc (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females, same data as in holotype (BMNH and ZIN); 1 nymph (female), Ascension I., Shelly Beach, 17 19.XII.2003, No. 0960Asc (BMNH). Description. Male (holotype). Coloration of epicranium dark brown with lightish arched transverse line between upper parts of antennal cavities and median line crossing previous one between eyes; there is also small light median spot between latter line and clypeus; clypeus dark brown with almost whitish lower part having dark median spot, a pair of yellowish short vertical stripes above this spot, and a pair of light brown rather wide areas on upper and lateral parts (Fig. 1); subgenae, mandibles, and upper half of labrum dark brown; rest of labrum almost whitish; maxillae, labium, and their palpi light with small and rather sparse darkish spots, but 3 distal segments of maxillary palpi with only slightly darkened proximal and partly dorsal surfaces; antennae brown (somewhat lighter than epicranium) with several rather small lightish spots on scape and rather sparse dark brown rings on flagellum. Coloration of pronotum dark brown with hardly lighter hind lobe and light brown narrow median stripe (as in Fig. 2); rest of thorax light with distinct darkenings (as in Fig. 3). Legs also light, but with small darkenings on coxae and proximal half of femora, darkened distal part of fore and hind femora, distal half of middle femora, and proximal part of all tibiae, as well as very slightly darkened rest of tibiae (as in Figs. 3, 4). Tegmina
26
Mogoplistidae of Ascension and St. Helena Islands 27 yellowish (almost transparent) with narrow slightly darkened stripe along distal edge and darker (brown) lower half of lateral part having transparent both small proximal area and narrow stripe along lower edge (as in Figs. 2, 3). Abdomen (cerci missing in all adult spe cimens) with brown tergites (almost dark brown in distal part of abdomen) and light brown sternites; anal plate not very dark (Fig. 21); paraprocts brown with comparatively wide darkish sclerotized part of their processes and transparent (membranous) rest of these processes (Fig. 22); genital plate with light brown median and brown lateral parts. Pronotum with not very long hind lobe which covering less than half of tegmina (pronotum 1.6 times as long as width of head). Legs moderately long (fore femora 1.2 times as long as width of head); hind femora not very wide, 2.9 times as long as wide (high) (as in Fig. 4). Tegmina extending to apex of 2nd abdominal tergite, with arched stridulatory veins, 2 chords, 2 S-shaped oblique veins, short diagonal vein, large mirror having wide distal and narrow proximal parts, and 1 longitudinal vein in lateral part (Figs. 2, 3). Anal plate short, with roundly truncate apex (Fig. 21); paraproctal processes rather short, finger-like, with round distal part (Fig. 22); genital plate also rather short and with round distal part (Fig. 23); genitalia with narrow median epiphallic lobe roundly widened at apex, a pair of narrow longitudinal semisclerotized stripes on dorsal part of this lobe (these stripes somewhat narrowing to apex of this lobe), a pair of semimembranous plates situated laterally from them, not very large proximal disc-like spiral, and a pair of more or less parallel thin sclerotized ribbons running from this spiral to distal part of genitalia (Figs. 43, 44). Variation. In paratypes, antennae slightly lighter (almost light brown in general), and epicranium with more or less distinct additional lightish cross-like spot connecting lightish median line between eyes with median spot near clypeus (Fig. 2). Female. Coloration and structure of body similar to those of male (in one of females, coloration of head as in holotype, and in other females, as in male paratypes), but dorsal surface of pterothorax and genital plate almost completely brown, and pronotum distinctly shorter and with hardly concave hind edge. Genital plate rather small and with almost truncate apex (Fig. 24); distal part of ovipositor almost as in Fig. 37; hind femora 1.2 times as long as ovipositor. Length (mm). Body: male 11.5 13, female 12 14; pronotum: male 3.6 4, female 2.6 2.8; tegmina, male 3.1 3.5; hind femora: male 5.5 6.2, female 6.5; ovipositor 5 5.4. Comparison. The new species differs from all possible congeners described before this paper by the characters listed in diagnosis of the genus Discophallus, gen. nov. (see above). Discophallus philipi, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 8, 25 28) Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mr. Philip N. Ashmole, one of its collector. Type material. Holotype male, Boatswainbird I. near Ascension I., 26 27.V.1995, No. 1194Asc (BMNH). Paratypes. 3 females, same data as in holotype, but No. 1177Asc (BMNH and ZIN). Description. Male (holotype). Coloration of epicranium brown with following marks (Figs. 5 7): almost dark brown lateral parts, a pair of transverse spots between eyes, a pair of short and narrow longitudinal stripes running from these spots to almost hind part of vertex, and a pair of oblique spots between antennal cavities (latter spots making contact with small dark spot on membrane of each of these cavities; there are also dark lateral dot near this spot on each of these membranes); yellowish large spot between above-mentioned pairs of dark spots on epicranium, transverse stripe along clypeal suture, median stripe connecting these light areas, median line running from large light spot to hind part of vertex, and anterior and lower parts of genae. Clypeus yellowish with a few small dark brown spots in lower part, several brown dots above (near them), and numerous reddish dots on upper half of clypeus; subgenae and mandibles light with dark spots; maxillae, labium, and their palpi light, but maxillary ones with very slightly darkened dorsal surface of 4th and proximal part of 5th segments; labrum more or less greyish with following darkish stripes: median stripe, a pair of stripes along clypeal edge, and a pair of short Figs. 1 20. Discophallus, gen. nov. and Cycloptiloides Sjöst., male: 1 4, D. ascension, sp. nov. (1, holotype); 5 8, D. philipi, sp. nov.; 9 12, D. myrtleae, sp. nov.; 13 16, D. pallidus, sp. nov. (holotype); 17 20, C. canariensis (Bol.). Head in front (1, 5, 9, 13, 17); anterior half of body from above (2, 6, 10, 14, 20) and from side (3, 7, 11, 15, 18); hind leg from side (4, 8, 12, 16, 19).
28
Mogoplistidae of Ascension and St. Helena Islands 29 stripes on lateral parts (Fig. 5). Antennal flagellum light brown with brown sparse rings; scape yellowish with small brownish spots (Figs. 5 7). Coloration of pronotum yellowish with light brown hind part, distinct brown marks on anterior and lateral parts, and a pair of reddish oval spots near anterior part (on disc); rest of thorax light, almost without darkenings (Figs. 6, 7). Legs also light, uniform, but with very slight darkenings on distal part of fore and middle femora, distal and proximal parts of fore and middle tibiae, and dorsal surface of hind tibiae, as well as more distinct darkenings on distal part of hind femora and proximal part of hind tibiae (Figs. 7, 8). Tegmina whitish (semitransparent) with brownish grey lower half of lateral part having transparent small proximal area and narrow stripe along ventral edge (Figs. 6, 7). Abdomen with brown lateral parts, anal plate, and distal areas on dorsal part of all tergites, light brown rest of tergites, yellowish sternites, cerci (with slightly darkened proximal part), and genital plate (with a pair of brownish oblique lateral stripes); coloration of paraprocts and their processes as in D. ascension, sp. nov. (Figs. 25 27). Structure of body as in male of D. ascension, sp. nov., but pronotum covering almost half of tegmina (pronotum 1.7 times as long as width of head), legs distinctly longer (fore femora 1.6 times as long as width of head), hind femora hardly narrower (3.1 times as long as wide), tegmina extending to middle of 2nd abdominal tergite (Figs. 6 8), anal plate slightly longer and with more round apex, and paraproctal processes hardly larger (Figs. 25 27); genitalia also as in D. ascension, sp. nov. Female. Coloration and structure of body similar to those of male, but dorsal surface of pterothorax almost light brown, darkened parts of abdomen slight ly lighter (intermediate between brown and light brown), genital plate almost completely slightly darkened, and shape of pronotum as in female of D. ascension, sp. nov. Structure of genital plate (Fig. 28) and ovipositor also as in D. ascension, sp. nov., but hind femora 1.3 times as long as ovipositor. Length (mm). Body: male 15, female 13 14; pronotum: male 4.5, female 3.2 3.4; tegmina, male 3.6; hind femora: male 7.7, female 8 8.5; ovipositor 6 6.4. Comparison. The new species is most similar to D. ascension, sp. nov., but distinguished by the more variegated coloration of head, more uniform coloration of pterothorax, coxae, and tegmina, much lighter coloration of pronotum, distinctly longer legs, and proportions of some other body parts (length of pronotum / length of tegmina = 1.25 in male of new species, and 1.15, in male of D. ascension, sp. nov.). Discophallus myrtleae, sp. nov. (Figs. 9 12, 29 32) Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Myrtle J. Ashmole, one of its collector. Type material. Holotype male, Ascension I., English Bay coast, 11 15.III.1990, No. 0162Asc (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 male, 3 females, same data as in holotype (BMNH and ZIN). Description. Male (holotype). Coloration of epicranium and clypeus almost uniformly brown (not dark), but with light brown lateral parts of epicranium (including genae) weakly distinct rather large spot between anterior halves of eyes, transverse stripe on lower part of clypeus (along its ventral edge), and almost indistinct spots slightly above this stripe; other mouthparts and antennae light brown with greyish lateral parts of labrum, sparse brown rings on antennal flagellum and small spots on scape, and very weakly darkened proximal parts of maxillary palpi (Fig. 9). Coloration of pronotum almost uniformly brown (not dark), but with light brown hind lobe; rest of thorax light (Figs. 10, 11). Legs light with slightly darkened (brownish) distal part of fore and middle femora, apical part of hind femora, and proximal part of all tibiae (Figs. 11, 12). Tegmina yellowish (almost transparent) with slightly darkened (brownish) band on lower half of lateral part and transparent both proximal area of this part and narrow stripe along its ventral edge (Figs. 10, 11). Abdomen light brown with very weakly darkened sclerotized parts of paraproctal processes only; rest of these processes transparent (Figs. 29 31). Structure of body as in male of D. ascension, sp. nov., but pronotum 1.7 times as long as width of head, legs hardly longer (fore femora 1.3 Figs. 21 42. Discophallus, gen. nov. and Cycloptiloides Sjöst.: 21 24, D. ascension, sp. nov. (21 23, holotype); 25 28, D. philipi, sp. nov.; 29 32, D. myrtleae, sp. nov.; 33 37, D. pallidus, sp. nov. (33 35, holotype); 38 42, C. canariensis (Bol.). Male abdominal apex from above (21, 25, 29, 33, 39), from below and slightly from side (without genital plate) (22, 26, 30, 34), from side and slightly from behind (also without genital plate) (38), and from below (23, 27, 31, 35, 40); female abdominal apex from below (24, 28, 32, 36, 41); distal half of ovipositor from side (37, 42).
30 Figs. 43 48. Male genitalia from above (43, 45, 47) and from side (44, 46, 48): 43, 44, Discophallus ascension, sp. nov. (holotype); 45, 46, D. pallidus, sp. nov. (holotype); 47, 48,?Arachnocephalus steini Sauss. (syntype).
Mogoplistidae of Ascension and St. Helena Islands 31 times as long as width of head), hind femora slightly wider (2.7 times as long as wide), anal plate almost as in D. philipi, sp. nov. (but with hardly concave apex), and paraproctal processes also as in D. philipi, sp. nov. (Figs. 29 31); genitalia as in D. ascension, sp. nov. and D. philipi, sp. nov. Variation. Paratype with somewhat larger light brown spots on middle part of clypeus and slightly less distinct darkenings on maxillary palpi, fore and middle femora, and fore and hind tibiae; its pronotum covering almost half of tegmina. Female. Coloration and structure of body similar to those of male, but pronotum as in females of D. ascension, sp. nov. and D. philipi, sp. nov. in shape and with brown anterior part occupying only half of pronotal length (rest of pronotum almost light brown). Structure of genital plate (Fig. 32) and ovipositor as in D. ascension, sp. nov. Length (mm). Body: male 12 13, female 13 14; pronotum: male 3.8 3.9, female 2.7 2.8; tegmina, male 3.1 3.3; hind femora: male 5.9 6.1, female 6.8 7; ovipositor 5.7 5.8. Comparison. The new species is most similar to D. ascension, sp. nov., but distinguished by the more uniform coloration of head, lighter pronotum, absence of darkenings on the pterothorax, coxae, and greater part of abdomen, as well as slightly wider hind femora (for comparison see Figs. 4 and 12). From D. philipi, sp. nov., it differs in the less variegated coloration of head, darker pronotum, distinctly shorter legs, and wider hind femora (see Figs. 8 and 12). Discophallus pallidus, sp. nov. (Figs. 13 16, 33 37, 45, 46) Etymology. This name originates from pallidus (Lat.) pale. Type material. Holotype male, Ascension I., Marl Pools near Shelly Beach, South Gannet lava flow, 20 24.III.1990, No. 0285Asc (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, Ascension I., Inland, South Gannet lava flow, 20 24.III.1990, No. 0389Asc (BMNH); 1 male, Ascension I., 31.III 2.IV.1990, No. 0287Asc (ZIN). Description. Male (holotype). Coloration almost completely yellowish, but with brownish sparse rings on antennal flagellum, light brown weakly distinct area on upper part of clypeus, 3 longitudinal bands on vertex, a pair of oval spots on pronotal disc, area on distal part of tegmina, and greater part of fore and middle tibiae, dark eyes, darkish small marks on subgenae and mandibles, small areas on apical part of hind femora, and apex of all spines, denticles, and claws of legs (Figs. 13 16). Structure of body as in male of 3 previous species, but pronotum 1.5 times as long as width of head, legs long (fore femora 1.5 times as long as width of head), hind femora narrow (3 times as long as wide), tegmina extending to base of 3rd abdominal tergite (Figs. 14 16), anal plate moderately short and with truncate apex (Fig. 33), and paraproctal processes with narrow sclerotized part (Figs. 34, 35); genitalia distinguished from those of previous species by median epiphallic lobe distinctly wider, strongly widened at apex, and provided with round hind edge and angular lateral projections, by wider semisclerotized stripes on dorsal part of this lobe (these stripes distinctly narrowing to their proximal end), by absence of distinct semimembranous additional plates, by somewhat smaller proximal disc-like spiral, and by non parallel thin sclerotized ribbons running from this spiral to distal part of genitalia (Figs. 45, 46). Variation. One of paratypes with almost indistinct brownish spot near apex of all femora and slightly narrower apical part of median epiphallic lobe. Female. Coloration and structure of body similar to those of holotype, but shape of pronotum as in females of all previous species. Structure of genital plate and distal part of ovipositor also as in these species (Figs. 36, 37), but ovipositor 1.2 times as long as hind femora (in all previous species, it is shorter than hind femora). Length (mm). Body: male 14 14.5, female 15; pronotum: male 3.7 3.9, female 2.7; tegmina, male 4 4.3; hind femora: male 6.8 7.2, female 7.2; ovipositor 8.6. Comparison. The new species is related to D. ascension, sp. nov., D. philipi, sp. nov., and D. myrtleae, sp. nov., but it differs from them in the almost uniformly yellowish coloration, distinctly longer ovipositor, and above-mentioned characters of male anal plate, male paraprocts, and male genitalia. Discophallus amplus, sp. nov. Etymology. This name originates from amplus (Lat.) large. Type material. Holotype male, Boatswainbird I. near Ascension I., 26.V.1995, No. 1152Asc (BMNH). Description. Female (holotype). Coloration and structure of body as in female of D. pallidus, sp. nov., but size larger (see measurements below), legs dis-
32 tinctly longer (fore femora 1.7 times as long as width of head), hind femora slightly narrower (3.2 times as long as wide), and ovipositor 1.1 times as long as hind femora. Male unknown. Length (mm). Body 18; pronotum 3.8; hind femora 10.5; ovipositor 11.4. Comparison. The new species is most similar to D. pallidus, sp. nov. in coloration, but distinguished by the above-mentioned characters. From D. ascension, sp. nov., D. philipi, sp. nov., and D. myrtleae, sp. nov., it distinctly differs in the uniformly light coloration and longer ovipositor. Cycloptiloides canariensis (Bol.) (Figs. 17 20, 38 42) Material studied. Ascension I.: 1 male, 1 female, Lava Lake, 26 30.III.1990, No. 0768Asc (BMNH); 2 females, Ravine Cave, Spoon Crater, 16 21.III.1995, No. 0605Asc (BMNH). St. Helena I.: 2 females, Prince Andrew School, deep cracks in roadside bank in forested land, 31.XII.1994 21.I.1995, No. 264SH (BMNH); 2 males, 3 females, Gill Point, 14 18.II.1995, No. 399SH (BMNH and ZIN); 3 females, Broad Gut (barren area circa 500 m inland), 21 26.II.1995, No. 535SH (BMNH and ZIN); 1 male, 1 female, Ruperts Battery Cave, 13 17.III.1995, No. 678SH (BMNH); 1 male, Gregory s Battery, 8 29.IV.1995, No. 875SH (BMNH); 1 female, PBP6 [Prosperous Bay Plain, Trig Point], 1.X.2003, No. 298V (BMNH); 4 males, 1 female, SHR13 [Signal House Ravine], 15 20.X.2003, No. 582V (BMNH and ZIN); 3 males, 1 female, PBH18 [Prosperous Bay Hinterland], 30.X 4.XI.2003, No. 924V (BMNH and ZIN); 2 males, 3 females, Birddown Flats (coastal), 30.XII.1994 3.I.1995, No. 054SH (BMNH and ZIN); 2 females, Fishers Valley Bradleys, 6.XII.2003 (BMNH). Note. This rather widely distributed species is also known from some other Atlantic islands (Canary Islands). It distinctly differs from all representatives of the genus Discophallus, gen. nov. in the characters listed above (see key for species determination). Tarsi of this species and all other its congeners are narrow (as in Discophallus, gen. nov. from Ascension I.); this non phitophilous species probably penetrates different islands with help of man, as a long swimming of its specimens on tree rafts seems less possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is grateful to Ph.N. Ashmole and M.J. Ashmole from the Division of Biological Sciences (University of Edinburgh) for the opportunity to examine their collection and for the correction of my English. The study was supported by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Program Biosphere Origin and Evolution ) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 07 04 00540). REFERENCES Ashmole P. and Ashmole M. 1997. The land fauna of Ascension Island: new data from caves and lava flows, and a reconstruction of the prehistoric ecosystem. Journal of Biogeography, 24: 549 589. Ashmole P. and Ashmole M. 2000. Saint Helena and Ascension Island: a natural history. Anthony Nelson, Oswestry. 500 p. Gorochov A.V. 1984. A contribution to the taxonomy of modern Grylloidea (Orthoptera) with a description of new taxa. Zoologicheskiy zhurnal, 63(11): 1641 1651. [In Russian] Ingrisch S. 2006. New taxa and notes on some previously described species of scaly crickets from South East Asia (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Mogoplistidae, Mogoplistinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 113(1): 133 227. Submitted June10, 2008; accepted January 20, 2009.