Discourse Mapping Huh? What is That? Why Do I care? SWCED, 2016 James Kilpatrick Patrice Stephenson
From Francis Beaurivage, on the EIPA: (Nov. 14, 2009) What we typically notice: Weakest Discourse Mapping/Cohesion Non-manual Markers Speaker/Narrative shifts Complex Use of Space Simple spatial placements Body/Face for Affect Vocabulary Strongest
BEI SEE Scoring Determinants GRAMMAR Use of grammatical space - location, role shift, eye indexing, listing techniques; directionality; spatial organization MESSAGE EQUIVALENCY -hierarchy considered between main ideas and secondary ideas -cohesion (transitions and relationships) between ideas
EIPA Scoring Checklist III. Expressiveness Facial Expressions, body posture, negation, question, directionality, placement, additional (mime, ASL etc) V. Technical factors Eye contact, indicating speakers
What does it look like?
Or 5 4 3 2 1 0 Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Or.
Making order of chaos or random information for brain files.
Or any kind of picture
in your mind to convey
and help students recall...
..retain and internalize Concepts, facts, ideas, quotes, numbers, relationships..
Before you begin, ask yourself. What is the objective in this text? Key words? Key concepts? What does the student already know about the subject? What will the student need to remember from this text? How can I show students key elements and how they are related to each other?
Use of Space Compare/Contrast Swamps and marshes are both wetlands, however, they are different in that a swamp has trees, such as mangroves and cypresses. A marsh does not have trees, but, rather has grasses and sedges. Both swamps and marshes can be either saltwater, freshwater, or a mixture. Both serve as nurseries for fish and other wildlife. Whether the vegetation is woody or grassy, it provides lots of places for fish and other baby animals to hide from predators that would eat them easily in other environments.
Use of Space Geographical location or chronological order? 50 States in 50 Weeks This year my brothers and I are taking off school to visit every state in America. We started in Kansas, where we hiked in the Flint Hills. Next we traveled through Missouri, home of the St. Louis Arch. In Illinois we toured Chicago s museums. We ll watch a baseball game in Indiana next week. I can t wait to reach the East Coast states next month.
Listing temporal aspect Did you know that much of today s dry land was once underwater? One example is the North American Inland Sea. In the early Cretaceous Period, tectonic plates shifted creating lower land in the center of North America. The sea level was also much higher at that time than it is now. The inland sea covered much of Canada and twenty U.S. states. Later in the same Cretaceous Period, the land was uplifted. Over time, the seaway shrank and disappeared. Recently, fossils of giant sea reptiles have been found in states such as Kansas.
Placement Characters and pronouns Help! Help! cried the Page when the sun came up. King Bidgood s in the bathtub, and he won t get out! Oh, who knows what to do? I do! cried the Knight when the sun came up. Get out! It s time to battle! Come in! cried the King, with a boom, boom, boom. Today we battle in the tub! Help! Help! cried the Page when the sun got hot. King Bidgood s in the bathtub and he won t get out! Oh who knows what to do? I do cried the Queen when the sun got hot. Get out! It s time to lunch! Come in! cried the King, with a yum, yum, yum. Today we lunch in the tub!
Placement Objects for descriptive purposes Ask any grandmother if she likes to have art on her refrigerator. I bet she does. Let me tell you about a picture on mine. My little Sophie drew my portrait. I have a round head, two crescent-shaped ears in the appropriate places, a big curved smile line and two dots in the right places for my eyes. My legs are verrrry long and thin and come straight down from my chin. On the bottom of each leg is a horizontal line representing my feet. My arms protrude out of the upper legs, complete with 5 fingers at the end of each. Maybe next year I ll get a body, but in the meantime, I recognize that she sees me as a very tall and happy person. I m satisfied with that.
Expansion Incorporating ASL Adding explanation Confirming vocabulary with fingerspelling Using developed signs
Answer the questions: (Study guide) Text #1 1. When did the Jamestown colonists first arrive in America? 2. What were the Jamestown colonists hoping to find in America? 3. Write three facts about Tsenacomoco. 4. Describe the land on which the Jamestown settlers lived. Include at least 2 details. 5. What fraction of Jamestown colonists are believed to have died due to illnesses and starvation? 6. Give two reasons that explain how the English colonists came to control the land that had once been Tsenacomoco.
Practice text #1: Jamestown: The first Permanent British Colony In 1607, 104 British colonists arrived in what would become Jamestown, Virginia. The colonists were employed by a group of investors called the Virginia Company to find gold and silver, which had already been found by the Spanish in Mexico and Peru.
#1 Cont An earlier group of English settlers had disappeared from the region. It was believed that the Native American inhabitants had attacked the earlier settlers for trespassing on their land. This time, however, the new settlers were careful to settle on unclaimed territory. Such land was difficult to come by. The region was home to a Native American chiefdom called Tsenacomoco Approximately 14,000 people lived in villages and grew corn in the surrounding fields. These people were ruled by Chief Powhatan, who had united several chiefdoms to form Tsenacomoco.
#1 Cont cont The Jamestown settlers resorted to marshy land that was infested with mosquitoes and riddled with bad drinikng water. Powhatan s people didn t dispute this land claim, as the land was bad anyway. Many colonists died from water-borne illnesses. Others died of starvation because a drought made food hard to grow, and with so many sick, there were few to tend the crops. But more colonists arrived, along with a new leader, John Rolfe. Rolfe married Powhatan s daughter, Pocahontas, which helped to keep the peace between the natives and the colonists.
#1 Cont cont cont The Jamestown settlers continued to die at alarming rates (it s believed that only 1 in 4 survived), but new colonists from England kept arriving. The English farms, along with their domesticated animals crowded out the Tsenacomoco people, who needed room to hunt and rotate their crops. At the same time, many English settlers arrived in America infected with malaria, a sickness spread by mosquitos. The disease was quickly passed on to Powhatan s people. If they had wanted to fight the colonists for land, they may have been too sick to do so. Eventually, the English colonists took the land that had once been Tsenacomoco.
Text #2 Study Questions 1. What do we call adaptations that help animals survive in their environment? 2. Explain why ducks have webbed feet. 2. Why are solid hooves helpful to horses? 3. Why do eagles have talons? 4. Why does a bear have paws?
Practice text #2: Adaptations are traits, such as having feet instead of flippers, that help animals survive in their environment. Specific traits, called characteristics, are better suited to certain environments than to others. Animals that live in the water have webbed feet, which help them swim faster or farther to catch prey.
Text #2, cont Prey animals that live in grasslands have solid hooves, which are built for speed. This allows hooved animals to escape predators. Birds of prey have talons in order to grab their prey and hold on to it as they fly to a safe place to eat it. Paws can be used for climbing trees to find food. The claws on paws can be used to dig for food or to grasp prey.
#3 Questions: 1. What is a fraction? 2. What does the denominator do? 3. What does the numerator represent? 4. An 8-piece pizza arrives for you and your friends. When you re done eating, 2 slices remain. Write a fraction that describes how much of the whole pizza is left.
Text #3 A fraction represents a part of a whole. The denominator tells how many equal parts are in the whole. The numerator tells how many of those parts are being counted. For instance, if a pizza starts out having 8 pieces, and now has 5 pieces left, the fraction that describes how much pizza is left is 5/8. 8 is the denominator, and 5 is the numerator.
Resources: *Taylor, Marty M, Interpretation Skills: English to American Sign Language, 1993, Interpreting Consolidated *Francis Beaurivage, Understanding the EIPA: Tips for Success for First Time and Repeat Test Takers, Nov.14, 2009 webinar