Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal viscera, examination of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 6 American Veterinary Medical Association, Guidelines on Euthanasia of (2007), 2 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, of US Department of Agriculture, 15 Anthrax, vaccination strategies for, 179 180 Antimicrobial resistance, to BRD pathogens, 79 88. See also Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), pathogens of, antimicrobial resistance to. Attaching-effacing Escherichia coli infections, in cattle, 29 56. See also Escherichia coli infections, attaching-effacing, in cattle. B Bacterial infections, of respiratory tract, in cattle Histophilus somni, 60 61 management of, 63 67 pathogen treatment in, 65 66 risk-related, 66 67 vaccines in, 63 65 Mannheimia haemolytica, 59 60 Mycoplasma bovis, 61 62 Pasteurella multocida, 57 59 pathology related to, 62 63 BCoV. See Bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Biotype(s), variations in, 108 110 Bison, brucellosis in, 21 22 Bluetongue virus described, 164 165 in Europe Mediterranean Basin, 165 167 Northern Europe, 167 168 ongoing nature of, 165 168 recent emergence of, global implications of, described, 163 164 in the Americas, current status of, 168 169 Bluetongue virus (BTV), in Europe, recent emergence of, global implications of, 163 171 Bovine brucellosis, 15 27. See also Brucellosis, bovine. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) clinical manifestation of, 127 described, 124 diagnosis of, 131 132 diarrhea in calves and, 128 129 economic impact of, 127 Vet Clin Food Anim 26 (2010) 185 190 doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(09)00119-4 vetfood.theclinics.com 0749-0720/10/$ see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
186 Index Bovine (continued) enteropathogenic, 135 136 winter dysentery and, in adult cattle, 129 131 epidemiology of, 124 125 in BRDC, 126 127 pathogenesis of, 125 126 prevention of, 136 138 respiratory, treatment of, 133 135 syndromes associated with, 123 146 transmission of, 125 126 treatment of, 133 136 control in, 136 138 disinfection in, 136 137 vaccines in, 137 138 Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) interpretive criteria for, development of, 80 82 pathogens of, antimicrobial resistance to, 79 88 described, 79 80 impact on clinical efficacy, 84 86 measures of, 80 trends in, 82 84 Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) BCoV in, 126 127 described, 123 124 impact of, 123 124 Bovine viral diarrhea virus(es) (BVDVs) characteristics of, 106 110 classification of, 105 106 clinical presentation of, 110 control of, 112 113 defined, 105 detection of, 112 113 discovery of, 105 106 eradication programs for, 113 114 gene products in, 106 107 global status of, 105 121 particles in, physical characteristics of, 106 107 viral genome in, 106 107 wildlife and, 154 156 Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) associated disease, in nonbovine hosts, emerging recognition of, 111 112 Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) proteins, 108, 109 BRD. See Bovine respiratory disease (BRD). BRDC. See Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Brucella spp. B. abortus, bovine brucellosis due to, 16 17 brucellosis due to, 22 Brucellosis bovine, 15 27 characteristics of, 15 16 pathogens causing, Brucella spp. in, 16 17, 22
Index 187 prevention of, 17 21 regulatory programs in, 17 21 strain 45/20 in, 20 21 vaccines in, 18 21 wildlife and, 150 153 in bison, 21 22 in elk, 21 22 in humans, 23 in wildlife, 21 22 BTV. See Bluetongue virus (BTV). BVDVs. See Bovine viral diarrhea virus(es) (BVDVs). C Calf(ves), neonatal, cryptosporidiosis in, 89 103. See also Cryptosporidiosis, in neonatal calves. Cattle attaching-effacing Escherichia coli infections in, 29 56. See also Escherichia coli infections, attaching-effacing, in cattle. bacterial infections of respiratory tract in, 57 71. See also specific infections and Bacterial infections, of respiratory tract, in cattle. brucellosis in, 15 27. See also Brucellosis, bovine. diseases of, wildlife in, 147 161. See also Wildlife, in diseases of cattle. Cell-mediated response, in cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves, 93 94 Central nervous system (CNS), examination of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 6 9 Cryptosporidiosis, in neonatal calves, 89 103 diagnostics in, 94 96 diarrhea and, pathophysiology of, 90 92 host cell/parasite interactions and, 89 90 infection process and, 89 90 innate and adaptive immune responses in, 92 94 treatment of, 96 97 control in, 97 D Diarrhea, in calves bovine enteropathogenic coronavirus associated with, 128 129 cryptosporidiosis and, pathophysiology of, 90 92 Disease epidemics, emerging, of livestock, vaccination strategies for, 173 183. See also Vaccine(s), for emerging disease epidemics of livestock. Dysentery, winter, bovine enteropathogenic coronavirus associated with, in adult cattle, 129 131 E Elk, brucellosis in, 21 22 Epidemic(s), disease-related, emerging, of lifestock, vaccination strategies for, 173 183. See also Vaccine(s), for emerging disease epidemics of livestock. Escherichia coli infections, attaching-effacing described, 30 31
188 Index Escherichia coli (continued) in cattle, 29 56 as cause of subclinical disease, 45 47 calves, 43 45 described, 29 30 epidemiologic studies, 47 51 evidence based on studies of natural and experimental disease, 31 42 history of, 29 older cattle, 42 43 shiga toxin and, 47 F Field necropsy techniques, for investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 1 13 abdominal viscera exam, 6 CNS exam, 6 9 described, 1 2 external exam, 3 muscles and joints exams, 9 opening abdominal and thoracic cavities, 3 opening the carcass, 3 procedure, 2 9 thoracic viscera exam, 3 6 FMDV. See Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). Food animals, emerging infectious diseases of, investigation of field necroscopy techniques for, 1 13. See also Field necropsy techniques, for investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals. specimen collection and submission in, 1 13 bacteriology samples, 10 general considerations, 9 hematology samples, 11 histopathology samples, 9 molecular diagnostics, 10 parasitology samples, 11 serology samples, 11 shipping and packaging diagnostics, 11 12 virology samples, 10 Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) containment of, likelihood of, 175 176 control of, 179 described, 174 diagnosis of, early, likelihood of, 175 176 immunization programs for, 174 179 effectiveness of, 177 179 efficacy characteristics of, 176 177 pathogenesis of, 175 transmission of, 175 G Gene products, in BVDVs, 106 107 Genome(s), viral, in BVDVs, 106 107
Index 189 Genotype(s), variations in, 108 110 Guidelines on Euthanasia (2007), of American Veterinary Medical Association, 2 H Histophilus somni, in cattle, 60 61 Host cell/parasite interactions, cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves in, 89 90 Human(s), brucellosis in, 23 Humoral response, in cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves, 93 I IBK. See Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; Pinkeye). Immune response(s), innate and adaptive, in cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves, 92 94 Infection(s), bacterial, of respiratory tract, 57 71. See also specific infections. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK;Pinkeye) described, 73 74 Moraxella bovis and, 73 78 J Joint(s), examination of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 9 M Mannheimia haemolytica, in cattle, 59 60 Moraxella bovis described, 73 74 IBK due to, 73 78 Muscle(s), examination of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 9 Mycoplasma bovis, in cattle, 61 62 N Neonatal calves, cryptosporidiosis in, 89 103. See also Cryptosporidiosis, in neonatal calves. P Pasteurella multocida, in cattle, 57 59 Pasteurellosis, bovine, 57 71 Pinkeye, Moraxella bovis and, 73 78 Protein(s), BVDV, 108, 109 R Respiratory tract, bacterial infections of, 57 71. See also specific infections and Bacterial infections, of respiratory tract, in cattle.
190 Index S Shiga toxin, in bovine host, 47 Specimen(s), collection and submission of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 1 13. See also Food animals, emerging infectious diseases of, investigation of, specimen collection and submission in. Strain 19, in bovine brucellosis prevention, 20 Strain 45/20, in bovine brucellosis prevention, 20 21 Strain RB51, in bovine brucellosis prevention, 20 Subgenotype(s), variations in, 108 110 T Thoracic viscera, examination of, in investigation of emerging infectious diseases of food animals, 3 6 Tuberculosis, in cattle, wildlife and, 153 154 U US Department of Agriculture, 2 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of, 15 V Vaccine(s) for bacterial infections of respiratory tract in cattle, 63 65 for BCoVs, 137 138 for emerging disease epidemics of livestock, 173 183 anthrax, 179 180 described, 174 FMDV, 174 179. See also Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), immunization programs for. targeted immunization programs, characteristics of, 174 179 traditional vaccination, 173 174 in bovine brucellosis prevention, 18 21 strain 19, 19 strain RB51, 20 Viral genome, in BVDVs, 106 107 Virulence, variations in, 108 110 W Wildlife, in diseases of cattle, 147 161 behavioral and management considerations, 147 150 brucellosis, 150 153 BVDVs, 154 156 tuberculosis, 153 154 Winter dysentery, bovine enteropathogenic coronavirus associated with, in adult cattle, 129 131