OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities Activities in 2013 This report has been submitted : 2014-01-31 10:09:49 Name of disease (or topic) for which you are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory: Rabies Address of laboratory: Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Rabies Unit Private Bag X05 Onderstepoort 0110 SOUTH AFRICA Tel.: +27-12 529 94 39 Fax: +27-12 529 93 90 e-mail address: sabetac@arc.agric.za website: www.arc.agric.za Name (including Title) of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): Dr Wonderful Shumba Name (including Title and Position) of OIE Reference Expert: Claude Taurai Sabeta Dr Programme Manager and Research Scientist (Food Feed and Veterinary Public Health) Which of the following defines your laboratory? Check all that apply: Governmental Research OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013 1
ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards 1. Did your laboratory perform diagnostic tests for the specified disease/topic for purposes such as disease diagnosis, screening of animals for export, surveillance, etc.? (t for quality control, proficiency testing or staff training) Diagnostic Test Indicated in OIE Manual (/) Total number of test performed last year Indirect diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally Indirect fluorescent antiobdy typing 28 0 Direct diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally Fluorescent antibody test 873 9 [Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Namibiia] Fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test 3134 637 Mouse inoculation test 125 0 ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards. To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease. 2. Did your laboratory produce or supply imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by the OIE? 3. Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents (non OIE-approved) and/or other diagnostic reagents to OIE Member Countries? 2 OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013
Type of reagent available Related diagnostic test Produced/ provide Amount supplied nationally (ml, mg) Amount supplied internationally (ml, mg). of recipient OIE Member Countries Region of recipients Africa anit-lyssavirus biological conjugate Fluorescent antibody test Labelled 50 mls of anti-lyssavirus hyperimmuneserum 3 vials of antilyssavirus conjugate 36 vials of lyophilised conjugate 16 Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East Africa Hyperimmuneserum (polyclonal ser raised against Mokola and ERA) Direct rapid immunohistochemical test (drit) Biotinylated and stored 5 mls 3 mls 2 Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East 4. Did your laboratory produce vaccines? 5. Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries? ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases 6. Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease? 7. Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease? ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries 8. Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries? OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013 3
Name of OIE Member Country seeking assistance Date (month). samples received for provision of diagnostic support. samples received for provision of confirmatory diagnoses ZAMBIA April, July & October 3 0 CONGO (DEM. REP. OF THE) vember 1 1 NAMIBIA December 5 5 9. Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country? Name of the OIE Member Country receiving a technical consultancy Purpose How the advice was provided OMAN The purpose of the visit was for Dr Sabeta to meet with experts of the Rabies Laboratory in Muscat assess their needs and facilities. Consequently, the team will develop specific objectives of the proposed twinning project, prior to the submission of the completed application to the OIE for review. This visit was co-ordinated by Dr Yehia, the OIE representative for the Middle East. A three-day Visit to Oman was undertaken between 17 and 19 March, discussions with various officials of the ministry and laboratory were held and a proposal for the proposed twinning was developed. ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations 10. Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than the own? Title of the study Duration Purpose of the study Partners (Institutions) Validation of the drit among OIE Rabies Reference Laboratories 2 years The development and promotion of diagnostic tools that together with international support will enhance rabies surveillance in developing countries. Animal Health Veterinary Laboratory Agency (UK), Centers for Disease Control (USA), Anses (France), the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (Canada), Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI, Germany), Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) and the University of Pretoria (South Africa) Ring trial for dog serum titre assessment 1 month The French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses) was requested by the Biological Standards Commission of the OIE to organise an inter-laboratory trial to determine the titre of the future OIE positive reference serum of dog origin for the rabies serology test. Animal Health Veterinary Laboratory Agency (UK), Centers for Disease Control (USA), Anses (France), the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (Canada) and Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI, Germany) 4 OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013
ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or diseases 11. Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control? 12. Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed? 13. What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory? (Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category) a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals: 2 a. Kgaladi, J., Wright, N., Coertse, J., Marston, Markotter, W., Marston, D., Fooks, A.R., Freuling, C., Muller, T., Sabeta, C.T. & Nel, L.H. (2013). Diversity and Epidemiology of Mokola Virus. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7(10): e2511. b. Sabeta, C., Phahladira, B., Mohale, D., Miyen, J., Weyer, J., Blumberg, L.H., Leman, P., Shumba, W. & Paweska, J.T. (2013). Emergence of dog rabies in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 84(1):E1-5. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v84i1.923. b) International conferences: 2 Dr Sabeta travelled to Baltimore (USA) and made an oral presentation on a research paper entitled The epidemiology and pathogenicity of classical rabies virus (RABV) in South Africa at the 3rd World Congress of Virology (Baltimore, USA), from the 18-22 vember 2013. The OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory attended the Southern Eastern African Rabies Group (SEARG) Conference in Dar es Salaam in Tanzania from the 11-16th of February 2013. A this conference, two talks on the rabies situation and trends from South Africa for 2010-2012 and a discussion of the rabies proficiency test for the SADC member countries and the recent expansion of this exercise into the Congo Basin countries, were presented". c) National conferences: 1 Three oral presentations were made at the SASVEPM Congress in Durban from the 14-16th of August 2013. 1. Sabeta, C., Phahladira, P., Miyen, J., Mohale, D, Ngoepe, E.& Shumba, W.Genetic Analysis of Domestic and Wildlife Rabies from the rth-west (2012) demonstrates a common rabies cycle, 2. Ngoepe, E. & Sabeta, C. Evaluation of ELISA for detection of rabies specific antibodies in dogs: a preliminary study. 3. Phahladira, P., Mohale, D., Miyen, J. & Sabeta, C. Rabies in the Gauteng province: the current status adapted from the article - Emergence of rabies in the Gauteng Province, South Africa: 2010-2011. d) Other: (Provide website address or link to appropriate information) 1 A presentation on "Diagnostics, molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of rabies and rabies-related viruses from southern Africa was presented to both staff and senior students of the Kitasato University, Departmnet of Veterinary Pathology (School of Veterinary Medicine) in Aomori (Japan) from 24-29 vember 2013. Contribution to a book chapter: Sabeta, C. & Phahladira, B. (2013). Mokola virus in southern Africa: a review of genetic, epidemiologic and surveillance studies. Advances in Virus Research. ISBN: 978-1477555-04-0. iconcept Press. Retrieved from http://www.iconceptpress.com OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013 5
ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards 14. Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries? a) Technical visits: 0 b) Seminars: 0 c) Hands-on training courses: 2 d) Internships (>1 month): 0 Type of technical training provided (a, b, c or d) Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with training. participants from the corresponding country c Nigeria and Lesotho 9 for Nigeria and 1 for Lesotho ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned 15. Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard? Quality management system adopted Iso 17025 16. Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body? Test for which your laboratory is accredited Direct fluorescent antibody test Fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (FAVNT) Accreditation body South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) 17. Does your laboratory maintain a biorisk management system for the pathogen and the disease concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 or Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1) 6 OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013
ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE 18. Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE? 19. Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE? ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results 20. Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease? 21. Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests? Purpose of the proficiency tests: 1 Role of your Reference Laboratory (organiser/ participant). participants Participating OIE Ref. Labs/ organising OIE Ref. Lab. Validation of a diagnostic protocol (direct rapid immunohistochemical test). Participant All OIE rabies reference laboratories Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Anses, Canadian Food Inspection Agency Participating in a proficiency test for the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) Participant 43 Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Anses. The PT was organised by Anses (France). Participating in a proficiency test for the fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (FAVNT) Participant 63 Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Anses, Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The PT was organised by Anses (France). 1 validation of a diagnostic protocol: specify the test; quality control of vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc. OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013 7
22. Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest? Title of the project or contract Scope Name(s) of relevant OIE Reference Laboratories Diversity and epidemiology of Mokola virus Lyssaviruses including Mokola viruses are distributed among various laboratories. Previous phylogenetic studies analyzed a few of these isolates or used partial gene sequence for analysis. For the first time, this study was aimed at determining the genetic relatedness of all known MOKV isolates. Federal Research Institute for Animal Health & Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency. Validation of the drit An inter-laboratory comparison of a direct rapid immunohistochemical test (drit) was undertaken within the network of the OIE rabies reference laboratories. Different monoclonal antibody preparations were biotinylated and tested in each laboratory using the same drit protocol. With the exception of one biotinylated monoclonal antibody, the remaining biotinylated monoclonal antibodies tested by the drit proved to have a high sensitivity and specificity as comparable to the DFA test. Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Anses, Canadian Food Inspection Agency ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results 23. Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease? te: See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at: http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/proficiency-testing see point 1.3 Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons 1. participating laboratories Region(s) of participating OIE Member Countries Proficiency test for the FAT for the Congo Basin and Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries 16 Africa Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East 8 OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013
ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE 24. Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE? 25. Additional comments regarding your report: The OIE Rabies Laboratory was involved in dissemination of information during the World Rabies Day. OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities, 2013 9