A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Some Parasites in Animals Slaughtered in J eddah Abattoir

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J.K.A vol. I, pp. 87-94 (1409 A.H. /1989 A.D.) A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Some Parasites in Animals Slaughtered in J eddah Abattoir A.M.

), 5 imported camels (from Sudan) and 4050 indigenous sheep (2050 Najdi and 21XX> Ham) were examined during post-mortem inspection at Jeddah abattoir for the presence of macroscopically discernible

1 J.K.A vol. I, pp (1409 A.H. /1989 A.D.) A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Some Parasites in Animals Slaughtered in J eddah Abattoir A.M. GHANDOUR,M.O. TAHIRANDI.M. SHALABY Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaz~z University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. ABSTRACT imported sheep (from Australia, Turkey, Somalia, Rumania and the Sudan), 142 imported cattle (from Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria and U.S.A.), 5 imported camels (from Sudan) and 4050 indigenous sheep (2050 Najdi and 21XX> Ham) were examined during post-mortem inspection at Jeddah abattoir for the presence of macroscopically discernible parasites. Blood smears from the animals were also examined for protozoa. The prevalence of hydatidosis amounted to 7.15% in Turkish sheep, 3.56% in Sudanese sheep, 0.28% in Australian sheep and 0.0% in other animals. Fascioliasis was recorded at rates of 15.75% in Turkish sheep, 8.04% in Sudanese sheep, 1.8% in Somali sheep, 1.11% in Rumanian sheep, 0.28% in Australian sheep and 4.22% in cattle. None of the imported camels or indigenous sheep was infected with fascioliasis. Cysticercosis prevalence was 1.62% in Turkish sheep, 1.14% in Sudanese sheep and 0.21 % in Australian sheep; other animals were not infected. Nasopharyngeal myiasis was recorded in 3 of the 5 camels. Blood films showed few positive cases of Theileia ovis; no other blood parasites were observed. Introduction Saudi Arabia is a rapidly developing country, and the need for animal food products is increasing steadily. Since indigenous livestock cannot satisfy the increasing human demands, importation of food animals from various other countries is unavoidable. Between the annual average number of slaughtered animals in Saudi Arabia was 2,079,756 heads of imported (85.7%) and 348,116 heads of indigenous livestock (14.3%)[1]. Usually, not all the imported animals are immediately slaughtered but are kept for some time, in feedlots or grazing grounds, with indigen- 87

88 A.M. Ghandour eta/. ous breeds. Many parasitic infections, such as hydatidosis!1-3], fascioliasis!4.5], schistosomiasis!6], coenurosis!7], myiasis!8-10], trypanosomiasis!

It is, thus, likely that the exchange of these parasites, between imported and indigenous livestock, is contributing towards the spread of animal parasitism as well as the incidence of parasitic

Material and Method During the period, September 1985-February 1986, 2470 imported sheep (1400 from Australia, 419 from Turkey, 385 from Somalia, 179 from Rumania and 87 from Sudan), 142 imported

2 88 A.M. Ghandour eta/. ous breeds. Many parasitic infections, such as hydatidosis!1-3], fascioliasis!4.5], schistosomiasis!6], coenurosis!7], myiasis!8-10], trypanosomiasis!ll] and various ecto-parasites!l2-14] were previously recorded in imported animals in Saudi Arabia, often at higher prevalence rates than indigenous breeds. It is, thus, likely that the exchange of these parasites, between imported and indigenous livestock, is contributing towards the spread of animal parasitism as well as the incidence of parasitic zoonosis in the country. The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence rates of some parasites seen among imported/versus indigenous livestock and slaughtered in Jeddah. Material and Method During the period, September 1985-February 1986, 2470 imported sheep (1400 from Australia, 419 from Turkey, 385 from Somalia, 179 from Rumania and 87 from Sudan), 142 imported cattle (30 from Hungary, 30 from Rumania, 30 from Bulgaria and 52 from United States of America), 5 imported camels (from Sudan) and 4050 indigenous sheep (2050 Najdi and 2000 Harri) were examined at Jeddah Abattoir. The liver, lungs and spleen of all animals were examined for hydatid cysts. The livers were also examined for fascioliasis, while the heart and skeletal muscles were examined for cysticercosis. In camels, the nuchal ligaments and subcutaneous tissues of the neck and shoulder regions were examined for Onchocerca fasciata while nasopharyngeal cavities were examined for myiasis. Blood smears from all animals, stained with Giemsa, were examined for blood parasites. The mesenteries of all animals were examined for Schistosoma spp. Gastro-intestinal helminths were not looked for in the present study. Results and Discussion The results are shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3 for hydatidosis, fascioliasis and cysticercosis, respectively. As shown in Fig. 1, the prevalence of hydatidosis was significantly greater in Turkish sheep (7.15%; P < 0.01) compared to Sudanese (3.56%) and Australian (2.8%) sheep. None of the other imported sheep or cattle was infected with hydatidosis. Camels were also free from infection although this was probably due to the small number of animals examined. The high prevalence of hydatidosis in Turkish and Sudanese sheep, on the other hand, was alarming. Although in the present study, no indigenous sheep were found infected, higher prevalence rates of hydatidosis were recorded in indigenous sheep in Bureida and in some parts of the Eastern Province, than in imported sheep. In AI-Hasa area, the prevalence of Echihococcus granulosus in stray dogs was around 15.0% and a massive infection (500,000 worms) was observed in one case[15]. In Jeddah, on the other hand, examination of 32 stray dogs failed to reveal infection with E. granulosus[3]. However, the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered in Jeddah area, as shown in the present study, could result in the spread of this zoonotic infection to local stray dogs. Consequently, human and animal infection with the intermediate stage (hydatid cyst) may arise. Already, human hydatidosis was recorded in various other parts of the Kingdom[15-17].

90 A.M. Ghandour eta/. rates of 0.36-0.50% were recorded in indigenous sheep in Bureida[2]. Moreover, Limnaea natalensis, the snail.

hepatica) was recorded in imported Elodea in green houses in Jeddah[6].The susceptibility of Limnaea spp.

4 90 A.M. Ghandour eta/. rates of % were recorded in indigenous sheep in Bureida[2]. Moreover, Limnaea natalensis, the snail. intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica was found in many regions insatidi Arabia[lS] while L. auricularia (snail intermediate host of F. hepatica) was recorded in imported Elodea in green houses in Jeddah[6].The susceptibility of Limnaea spp.. to local and imported strains of fascioliasis remains to be studied. II).J ~ ~ z TYPE OF ANIMALS FIQ.2. Pascioliasisin imported and indigenous livestock in Jeddah.

92 A.M. Ghandour eta/. The only myjasis infection recorded in this study was naso-pharyngeal myiasis caused by Cephalopina titiuator.11lreeofthe five Sudanese camels examined were infected.

blood smears showed Theilaria ovis in twenty indigenous sheep (Ham breed).. No otberbloodparasites were observed during the present survey.

6 92 A.M. Ghandour eta/. The only myjasis infection recorded in this study was naso-pharyngeal myiasis caused by Cephalopina titiuator.11lreeofthe five Sudanese camels examined were infected. High prevalence rates of this form of. camel myiasis were reported previously[15] in imported as well as indigcnous camels, with higher preval~nce in the former. Examination of. blood smears showed Theilaria ovis in twenty indigenous sheep (Ham breed).. No otberbloodparasites were observed during the present survey. The same parasite was r~ported in indigenous sheep in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia[ut. During a 12-month period,ei-bih~ri and Kawasmeh[19] examined abomasa and intestines of 520 camels as well as faecal samples from 960 Cantels in the Eastern Regiono! Saudi Arabia for gastro-intestinal parasites. The common parasites recorded were Haemonchw longistipes, H. (:ontortll.\', TrichostrongylusprobolurlL.\', TrichostrongyllL.\'spp" Camel()strongy'llL.\' mentulatus, Parabronema skrjabini, NematodirlL.\ spp. and-trichuris sp..almost91% of all camels examined hadtrichostronglid type eggs in the;irjaeces. Uussein and Hussein[20) recorded H. longistipes in Najdi camels slaughteredatriyadh with more prevalent infection in old camels. In the present study, gastro-intestinal helminths of slaughtered animals were not investigated although current work is being conducted on this important group of parasites. This study in general reveals higher prevalence of some parasites among imported compared to indigenous food animals in Jeddah area. This situation also applies to wany Viral and bacterial diseases of livestock in the Kingdom. All imported livestock should therefore, be quarantined, upon arrival, for general inspect jon, drenching, sprayjng and medication. Moreover,they should be segregated during fattening or grazing from indigenous livestock, Slaughtering livestock outside abattoirs without veterinary supervision should also be avoided. Acknowledgements We aregra~efulto Dr.N.A. Baeshin,Dean, Faculty of Science, and t~dr. Y. Magraiby, Head, Department of Biology, for providing facilities to conduct this study. The kind assistance of the staff of J eddah abattoir is gratefully acknowledged. This research was financially supported by the Research Committee of Faculty of Science, King Abd~aziz.University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. References [1) Al-Issa,M.A., Al-Zaftawi,F;M. and Mustafa, N.M., Incidence of disease in slaughtered animals in Saudi Arabia, Eighth Symposium on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia, 12-14th. March, pp (1985). [2] F~, M.O., Shuaib, M.A. and Ibrahim, I.A.,The prevalence of some helminthic parasites and hepatic disorders in sheep, cattle and camels in Bureida, Proceedings, Saudi Biological Society 7: (1984).

A Comparative Study of!he Prevalence. 93 [3] Ghandour, A.M. and Saleh, M., A review of Echinococcosis in Saudi Arabia, Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5:658-663 (1983). [4] Chemma, A.H., EI-Behari, S.

7 A Comparative Study of!he Prevalence. 93 [3] Ghandour, A.M. and Saleh, M., A review of Echinococcosis in Saudi Arabia, Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: (1983). [4] Chemma, A.H., EI-Behari, S.,Ashour, N.A. and AIi, A.S., Onchocerciasis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia, Journal of Helminthology 58: (1984). [5] Nasner, A.A., incidence and intensity of Onchocerca fasciata, Railliet and Henry, 1901, in local camels in Saudi Arabia, Ann. Parasit, Hum. Compo 5: (1985). [61 Ghandour, A.M. (in press), Hazards to Rangelands in Saudi Arabia: Importation of diseases via livestock, Fauna of Saudi Arabia. [71 Radwan, A.I. and Bekairi, S.I., Outbreaks of coenurosis in sheep and goats in the Central province of Saudi Arabia, Proc. Bioi. Soc. 4: (1980). [8] Buttiker, W. and Zumpt, F., Myiasis in domestic animals, Fauna of Saudi Arabia 4: (1982). [9] Hussein, M.F., Basmaeil, S.M., Hassan, H.A., BilaI, M.K. and AI-Matlag, A., Camel nasopharyngeal myiasis: a review with special emphasis on the prevalence of Cephalopina titiuator (Clark 1797) among indigenous and imported camels in Saudi Arabia, in: Proceedings of the sixth symposium on the biological aspects of Saudi Arabia, pp (1983). [10] Banaja, A. and Madbouly, H.M., Field and laboratory observations on three dipterous larvae causing myiasis in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia, ~uu. Fac.Science, King Abdulaziz University 5:77-80 (1981). [11] Diab, F.M., AI-Asgah, M.A., Al-Khalifa, M.S. and Hussein, H.S., Thick and blood parasites from indigenous domesticated animals In Saudi Arabia, Symposium on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia, 7, p. 79 (1984). [12] Banaja, A."Madbouly, H. and Roshdy, M., Ticks of Saudi Arabia. 1. Ticks(Ixodidea)infectingim-: ported and local breeds of domestic animals at Jeddah, Proceedings Saudi Biological Society 4: (1980). [13] Hoogstrael, H., Wasser, H. and Buttiker, W., Ticks (Acarina) of Saudi Arabia. Fam. Argasidae, Ixodida, Fauna of Saudi Arabia 3: (1981). [14] Abou-Elala, R.G., Taber, M.O. and Diab, F.M., Studies on ticks infesting camels, sheep and goats in Riyadh Area, Saudi Arabia, J. Fac. Sci. Riyadh University 12: (1981). [15] Kawasmeh, Z.A., Cheema, A.H. and Shigidi, M. T., Prevalence of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in stray dogs and slaughtered animals in AI-Hasa region, Seventh symposium on the Biological aspects of Saudi Arabia, pp (1984). [16] Hassounab, O. and Behbehani, K., The epidemiology of Echinococcus infection in Kuwait, J. Helminth. 50:65-73 (1976). [17] Malaika, S.S., Attayeb,A., Sulaimani, S. and Reddy, J., Human Echinococcosis in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Medical Journal 2: (1981). [18] Magzoub, M., Kasim, A.A. and Shawa, Y.R., Environrnental factors and their infl\jenceon reproduction and growths of fresh water snails in Saudi Arabia, J. Fac. Sci. Riyadh University 10: (1979). [19] EI-Bibari, S. and Kawasmeh, Z.A., Occurrence and Seasonal variation of some gastro'-intestinal helminths of the dromedary, Camelus dromedarius in Saudi Arabia, Proceedings of Fourth Conference on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia, 4: (1980). 120] Hussein, S.H. and Hussein, M.F., The prevalence and pathology of Haemonchus longistipes infec-.tion in Saudi Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius), Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia 8: (1985).

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