Bromeliads, backyards, and mosquitoes

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1 Bromeliads, backyards, and mosquitoes Roxanne Connelly, PhD Professor University of Florida, IFAS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory Vero Beach, FL

2 land of swamps, of quagmires, of frogs, and alligators and mosquitoes. circa 1825, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Map of Florida. Map Credit: Courtesy of the Special Collections Department, University of South Florida. Digitization provided by the USF Libraries Digitization Center.

3 Escambia Santa Rosa Holmes Jackson Okaloosa Walton Washington Gadsden Calhoun Leon Bay Liberty Wakulla Gulf Franklin Hamilton Jefferson Madison Suwannee Baker Columbia Taylor Union Lafayette Bradford Nassau Duval Clay St. Johns Dixie Gilchrist Alachua Putnam Flagler Levy Marion Volusia Florida Mosquito Control Districts Citrus Hernando Sumter Lake Seminole Orange Pasco Osceola Pinellas Hillsborough Polk Brevard Indian River Manatee Hardee Okeechobee Highlands St. Lucie Sarasota De Soto Martin Charlotte Glades Lee Hendry Palm Beach Collier Broward Monroe Dade

4 st 4 th Instar 4 Culex nigripalpus Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory

5 80 species of mosquitoes reported to occur in Florida

6 Biology Egg laying/water Distribution Seasonality Blood hosts Generations Pest status Disease status

7 Culex bahamensis Orthopodomyia signifera Aedes taeniorhynchus Aedes albopictus

8 October 2015

9

10 Permanent water eggs Culex Mosquito Ovipositing

11 Floodwater eggs Culex Mosquito Ovipositing

12 Mosquito eggs and water sources Permanent Water Ponds Lakes (edges) Rivers (backwaters) Swamps Standing water Eggs cannot dry out Hatch within hours Floodwater Low lying areas of pastures Salt marsh Containers Moist soils; eggs must dry out Sides of containers Areas that will be flooded one day

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17 Container mosquitoes

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21 Spread of Aedes albopictus in Florida Counties with Aedes albopictus

22 Larval habitats of container mosquitoes Bromeliad plants can house container mosquitoes in the water-holding tanks

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24 Original Painting by: William H. Bond As Published in National Geographic (3):393 Used with Permission of National Geographic

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27 Container mosquitoes Aedes albopictus Aedes aegypti Wyeomyia vanduzeei Wyeomyia mitchellae Some Culex

28 Major Pests in Florida

29 Vectors in Florida

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31 Dengue Malaria Yellow 2000s Fever 1900s 1800s

32 Dengue Malaria Yellow Fever Dengue Dog heartworm EEE Malaria SLE 1900s 2000s 1800s

33 Dengue Malaria Yellow Fever Dengue Dog heartworm EEE Malaria SLE 1900s Chikungunya Dengue Dog heartworm EEE Malaria SLE West Nile 2000s 1800s

34

35 West Nile Virus (WNV) St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) Powassan Virus (POW) Dengue Fever (locally acquired) (DEN-loc) Dengue Fever (imported) (DEN-imp) Chikungunya (locally acquired) (CHIK-loc) Chikungunya (imported) (CHIK-imp)

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37 Chikungunya and Dengue Vector: Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito

38 Chikungunya, Dengue, and Yellow Fever Vector: Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito

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40 Dog Heartworm Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode worm, is the causative agent. Mainly dog to dog transmission but with other reservoir and amplification hosts. Many mosquito species serve as competent vectors. Effective prophylactic drugs are available.

41 Bti bacteria -Mosquito bits or dunks IGR Insect Growth Regulators -Pre-Strike -Altosid

42 Mosquitoes in bromeliads and other containers Remove containers Modify containers Replace water in bird baths Clear leaves from roof gutters Tighten tarps

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44 Percent of the mosquto-positive plants (n = 40) Neoregelia plants at a residence in Vero Beach, FL Species Wy. mitchellii Wy. vanduzeei Ae. albopictus Ae. aegypti Cx. quinquefasciatus

45 Bromeliad-inhabiting mosquitoes at a Vero Beach residence Pre-treatment Post-treatment No. of Neoregelia plants sampled No. of plants positive for mosquitoes 40 1 Overall species composition No. larvae and pupae Wy. mitchellii 62 Wy. vanduzeei 518 Ae. albopictus Ae. aegypti 104 Cx. quinquefasciatus 681 Total number of mosquitoes collected 1,632 4

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47 Mosquito information resources

48 Please help spread the word about what homeowners and communities can do to reduce disease transmitting mosquitoes!!

11.00 Public Safety, Crime, and Corrections

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