TTX - Inject 1: Early warning indicators Part I. Regional Table Top Exercise for Countries of Middle East and North Africa Tunisia; July 2017

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1 TTX - Inject 1: Early warning indicators Part I Regional Table Top Exercise for Countries of Middle East and North Africa Tunisia; July 2017

2 Background Information The following takes place in YOUR country (Country A) in an area of farm land located outside the major city and 1 hour drive from the nearest border crossing. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 2

3 Background Information A local dairy farmer (from Country A) attends a regular Sunday cattle sale operated by the Bovine Market Corporation (BMC), close to the border, and purchases 10 cows. These cows are then transported by truck to his farm located 90 minutes drive away from the border. The cows are to be used as new breeding stock for the coming season. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 3

4 Background Information The farmer s total herd of cattle is 120 with a population of breeding stock, milk producing stock and young calves. He has a land space of 100 hectares, and participates in regular vaccination program against a range of infections including IBR-PI3-BVD-BRSVa; Leptospirosis; Vibriosis (optional); Rota and Corona virus; E. coli + Clostridium perfringens; type C & D as well as the official national programme for FMD vaccination. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 4

5 Scenario Inject 1 BMC MARKET: Bovine Market corporation Farm Country A Purchasing: 10 animals Location: 90 from the border 1 local dairy farmer Herd: 120 cattle Farm: 100 ha World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 5

6 Epidemiology Information Day 0: Sunday Epidemiological information Arrival of animals to the farm. Farmer observes one adult animal presenting with depression, partial anorexia It did not attract any attention. No action taken. Day 2: Signs of fever and mild nasal discharge in few animals. Day 3: Farmer actions: Signs attracted the attention of the farmer; however, he waited to assess clinical signs evolution until the following day to request official intervention. Signs of fever (in 30% of animals in the herd) Salivation in 7% of affected animals Ocular and nasal discharge in some animals. 5 young animals died with signs of diarrhea in three of them. Farmer actions: FMD is an endemic infection although the farmer accomplished with official FMD vaccination. Farmer requested official intervention to the Veterinary Service suspecting likely FMD outbreak. Veterinary Service ordered stand-still (animal movement control) until their arrival to the farm. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 6

7 Day 4: Fever of C (65% of animals) Salivation in 30% of affected animals. Erosive non-hemorrhagic lesions seen in oral mucosa in about 15 % of the herd; no vesicles detected. 22 dead animal (18 young animals + 4 adults two years) Diarrhea in about 10% of affected animals Lowered production of milk Pathology: edema in gastrointestinal mucosa. Finding in some dead animals were necrotic plaques in rumen pillars and necrotic erosions and heamorragic lesions (petechiae) in the large intestine. Last portion of the rectal mucosa was greatly congested. Epidemiological information Actions: Sampling for FMD confirmatory diagnostic undertaken for sending to the national Lab. Tests for Bluetongue and Bovine Viral Diarrhea were also requested. Other comments: A radio from local media released information during the morning about a mortality event in cattle taking place at the local level; consequently, people were very concerned about beef consumption. Day 5: Arrival of Veterinary Officials Fever of C (80% of animals; some of them recovering from the fever phase some others getting sick) Salivation and diarrhea in 63% of affected animals. Erosive lesions in oral mucosa; no vesicles detected. 20 new dead animals (young animals) Lowered production of milk Actions: Laboratory results are pending. Other comments: National newspaper published news about a likely FMD outbreak is coincident with a mortality event affecting cattle in the country, although lab results are pending yet. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 7

8 Day 6: Epidemiological information During the morning of this day, the Veterinary Service visited the farm in order to proceed with a new inspection; findings were the following: Day 7 Almost all the herd affected with similar clinical signs. Diarrhea in about 75% of affected animals Lowered production of milk Severe abdominal pain and tenesmus is observed. Thirst and signs of dehydration Dyspnea in some animals was observed. Three aborts were found. Mortality ascends up to 56%. Actions and outcomes: At the end of the day, the national lab informed samples were negative for the requested tests. Upon the clinical signs and initial lab results, the Veterinary Service believes the cattle meet the suspected Case criteria for rinderpest. Veterinary Services coordinate further testing for Rinderpest diagnoses in an OIE Reference Lab for Rinderpest. Arrival of samples at the OIE Reference Lab for full Rinderpest confirmatory diagnostic. Diagnostic of Rinderpest is confirmed by the OIE Reference Lab. Provision of official report regarding Rinderpest confirmation results World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 8

9 Thank you for your attention 12, rue de Prony, Paris, France - oie@oie.int

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