MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN THE GIANT ANTEATER(Myrmecophaga tridactyla) & TAMANDUA. A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM

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1 MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN THE GIANT ANTEATER(Myrmecophaga tridactyla) & TAMANDUA (Tamandua tetradactyla) A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM

2 PREVIOUS STUDIES 1995 Diniz et al. São Paulo Zoo 2001 Morford and Meyers North America survey 2003 Miranda et al. São Paulo Zoo survey Miranda et al. Mehgan Murphy, NZP Survey of Brazilian zoos

3 PREVIOUS STUDIES Top 5 causes of morbidity: Cachexia/Malnutrition/GI Cardiac disease Trauma Sepsis/DIC Pneumonia Amiee Stubbs

4 NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY Giant Anteater 50 Institutions 84% Response Total deaths = 70 Tamandua 38 Institutions 79 % response Total deaths = 64 animals Amiee Stubbs

5 GIANT ANTEATER MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP 35" 30" 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" JUVENILE"(0/1"YRS)" SUB/ADULT"(1"/"5"YRS)" ADULT"(5/15"YRS)" GERIATRIC"(15+"YRS)"

6 GIANT ANTEATER MORBIDITY SUMMARY Metabolic 4% Mechanical 4% Neoplasia 3% Anatomical 1% Congenital 1% Infectious 22% Inflammatory 8% DCM 3% Coagulopathy 7% Nutritional 10% Trauma 11% Reproductive 13% Degenerative 13%

7 GIANT ANTEATER 0-1 YR MORBIDITY Coagulopathy 6% Nutritional 9% Inflammatory 6% Metabolic 4% Congenital 2% Reproduction 33% Infection 15% Trauma 25%

8 GIANT ANTEATER 1-5 YRS MORBIDITY Mechanical 8% Reproductive 4% Degenerative 8% Metabolic 4% Inflammatory 13% Nutritional 13% Coagulopathy 21% Infectious 29%

9 GIANT ANTEATER 6-15 YRS MORBIDITY Anatom 5% Metabolic 5% Neoplasia 3% Mechanical 8% Inflammatory 8% Infectious 30% Trauma 7% DCM 5% Nutritional 17% Coagulopathy 5% Degenerative 7%

10 GIANT ANTEATER 15+ YRS MORBIDITY Metabolic 8% Mechanical 4% Nutrition 4% Inflammatory 8% Neoplasia 12% Degenerative 48% Infectious 16%

11 TOP MORBIDITIES Infectious Pneumonia Nutrition 1/3 DCM Degenerative Trauma

12 TOP MORBIDITIES Neonate/Juvenile: Trauma Reproductive Subadults: Infectious Christian Sperka Adult/Geriatric: Degenerative Infectious Nutritional Neoplasia

13 TAMANDUA MORTALITY BY AGE GROUP JUVENILE (0-1 YR) SUB-ADULT (1-5 YRS) ADULT (5+ YRS)

14 TAMANDUA MORBIDITY SUMMARY Trauma 3% Neoplasia Autoimmune 2% Metabolic 1% 2% Nutrition 8% Reproductive 13% Degenerative 31% Inflammatory 12% Endocrine 9% Infectious 15% Coagulopathy 4%

15 TAMANDUA 0-1 YR MORBIDITY Nutritional 13% Inflammatory 7% Trauma 3% Amiee Stubbs Coagulopathy 3% Reproductive 44% Infectious 30%

16 TAMANDUA 1-5 YRS MORBIDITY Nutritional 10% Degenerative 20% Infectious 40% Inflammatory 25% Cogulopathy 5% Amiee Stubbs

17 TAMANDUA 5+ YRS MORBIDITY Autoimmune Nutritional 1% 6% Neoplasia 1% Reproductive 1% Coagulopathy 4% Osteoarthritis 9% Infectious 10% Inflammatory 11% Degenerative 48% Cardiac Disease 16% Renal Disease 24% Endocrine 16% Hemosiderosis (2ndary) 1%

18 TOP TAMANDUA MORBIDITIES Degenerative Diseases Cardiac Disease Renal Disease Infectious Sandy Skeba

19 TAMANDUA TOP MORBIDITIES Neonate/Juveniles: Reproductive disorders Infectious Subadults: Infectious Adults: Degenerative diseases Amiee Stubbs

20 Age Group Giant Anteater Tamandua Neonate/ Juvenile Reproductive Trauma Reproductive Infectious Subadult Infectious Infectious Adult- Geriatric Degenerative Nutritional Infectious Neoplasia Degenerative Renal Disease Cardiac Disease

21 NEXT STEPS Other surveys Europe Latin America Morbidity Animal Care Manual Research

22 THANK YOU Alexandria Zoo Assiniboine Zoo Audubon Zoo Birmingham Zoo Brookfield Zoo Caldwell Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Dallas Zoo Denver Zoo Detroit Zoo Disney s Animal Kingdom Fresno Chaffee Zoo Great Plains Zoo Houston Zoo Little Rock Zoo Lowry Park Zoo Memphis Zoo Minnesota Zoo Moody Gardens Montgomery Zoo Nashville Zoo Palm Beach Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Reid Park Zoo Roger William Park Zoo Rolling Hills Zoo Sacramento Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park Santa Barbara Zoo Sedgwick County Zoo Smithsonian s National Zoo Staten Island Zoo St. Louis Zoo The Wilds Virginia Zoo Woodland Park Zoo Zoo Miami Zoo New England

23 THANK YOU! Northwest ZooPath Rachel Melvin Mehgan Murphy, NZP

24 MORBIDITY & MORTALITY IN PANGOLIN (Manidae), ECHIDNAS (Tachyglossidae) AND AARDVARKS(Orycteropus afer) A Margarita Woc Colburn, DVM

25 NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY Tree Pangolins 2 US Institutions 100% Response Total deaths = 10 Echidnas 14 Institutions 57 % response Total deaths = 6 animals

26 NORTH AMERICAN SURVEY Aardvarks 16 Institutions 62 % response Total deaths = 14 animals approx 64% were neonates

27 PANGOLINS 8 species 4 African: Cape pangolin, Giant pangolin, Long-tailed, Whitebellied tree pangolin 4 Asian: Chinese pangolin, Indian pangolins, Malayan pangolin Palawan pangolin Mortality in Captivity Lin et al 2015, Hua et al 2015, Yang et al 2007 Nutritional Research Lin et al

28 TREE PANGOLINS Causes of Mortality Maladaptation (90%) 6yr Chronic Renal Disease

29 ECHIDNAS McOrist and Smales 1986 Wild: trauma, parasites, bronchopneumonia Captive: Toxoplasmosis, Salmonellosis and exposure

30 SHORT BEAKED ECHIDNAS Causes of Mortality Toxicity (Sulfonamide) (1) Nutritional (Anorexia) Hepatic Lipidosis (2) Degenerative (cardiac) (1) Anatomical (1) Neoplasia (SCC) (1)

31 AARDVARKS Mortalities in captivity ~70% captive-born have required hand-rearing Maternal neglect Maternal trauma Adults: Degenerative diseases Dental problems

32 AARDVARK Causes of Mortality 64% neonates Infectious Disease (50%) Pneumonia 33% trauma Reproduction Adults (2-30 yrs old) Degenerative (OA, mitral valve) Infectious disease Trauma Thromboembolic Dz

33 NEXT STEPS Worldwide Survey Preliminary Data Assess Nutrition & Husbandry Research

34 THANK YOU Brookfield Zoo Cincinnati Zoo Cleveland Park Zoo Columbus Zoo Philadelphia Zoo Phoenix Zoo Point Defiance Zoo San Antonio Zoo San Diego Zoo San Diego Zoo Safari Park St. Louis Zoo Toledo Zoo

35 QUESTIONS? Amiee Stubbs