8. MILK Udder health and milk quality is important to farm productivity and profitability. Every farm stands to gain from less mastitis.

Transcription

1 8. MILK Udder health and milk quality is important to farm productivity and profitability. Every farm stands to gain from less mastitis.

2 8. MILK Milk composition Average milk composition (2/25 lactation) Holstein Friesian Holstein Friesian/Jersey Crossbred Jersey Ayrshire Milk fat (%) Protein (%) Milksolids (%) Milk quality tests Test Description Minimum Freq Standards Demerit Points Bactoscan (BScan) Test number of live bacteria. Gradings due to poor hygiene and plant washing 3 per month A+ Less than, /ml A, 9,999 /ml B 2, 9,999 /ml C 5, 99,999 /ml D, /ml 2 E 2, /ml F 5, 2,999,999 /ml 8 R Over 3,, 2 Thermoduric Plate Count (Therm) Test the number of bacteria that survive pasteurisation at 72 deg for 5 mins. Grading indicates hygiene problem per month April Oct 2 per month Nov - Mar Less than,5 /ml,5,999 /ml 5, 59,999 /ml 6, and above 2 Colliform Plate Count measure of coliform bacteria associated with dung and contaminated water 2 per month Less than 99 /ml 5-999/ml, 999 /ml 2 2,- 3,99 /ml, and above 8 FACTS & FIGURES

3 Test Description Minimum Freq Standards Demerit Points Organoleptic Assessment (senses) Milk is smelt, tasted, and looked at to identify contaminants such as blood, chemical and feed taints As required Finest Minor defect Major defect Serious Defect 3 6 Sediment (sed) Amount of sediment in milk from soil, dung, hair and skin. As required Categories ABC Category D Colostrum To ensure milk does not contain milk from cows that have had less than eight milkings after calving As required.35 g/l or less as above.35 g/l Inhibitory Substances (I.S.) Test adds standard bacteria. If they don t grow then inhibitory substance is present i.e. antibiotic Min per month Less than.3 IU/ml.3-.6 IU/ml.6-.3IU /ml.3 IU/ml or greater 2 3 Freezing Point (Fr.Pt) Indicates if water has been added to milk increase volume. Daily -.53 o C or lower -.52 o C to -.7 o C -.69 o C or higher 6 Somatic Cell Count (SCC) Measure of the white blood cells in the milk. High white blood cells indicate fighting infection in the udder. Per consignment -399,999/ml, 99,999 /ml 5, 599,999 /ml 6, 699, / ml Over 7, /ml Collection + Temperature (Temp) Time is from end of milking defined at 7.3am and 6 pm Per consignment hour 8. o C must not exceed 3 o C at completion of each milking 3 hour 7. o C *The standards and demerits required by differing companies may vary, but they use similar tests. + These regualtions will change from June 28. PAGE 29

4 Milking plant Milkings before rubberware changed Material Nitrile rubber or natural/nitrile blends Silicone rubber Estimated lifespan 2,5 cow-milkings 3,-5, cow-milkings or -6 months, whichever comes first Note: See manufacturer s recommendations for liner products. Recommended vacuum levels Vacuum level versus milkline height based on recommendations by the NZ Milking and Pumping Trade Association Milkline height in metres above cow platform Vacuum in kilopascals Lowline -2 Notes: Use the lower vacuum levels listed with large bore long milk tubes or in wet, windy weather e.g. at the start of spring calving. With automatic cluster removers, depending on their internal head loss, the higher level is acceptable after spring. (In practice, it is wise to start the season off with the vacuum level low rather than high, i.e. never start spring calving with a vacuum higher than 6 kpa regardless of the milkline height). Increase to around 8 kpa for herd testing to compensate for the head losses in current milk meters. Pulsation ratios: 6: or 65:35 are typical open:closed phase ratios. Pulsation rates: 5-66 pulsations per minute are typical. FACTS & FIGURES

5 Mastitis Udder health targets Industry benchmarks are linked to the performance achieved by herds in the top % and 5% (median) of herds. Key measure of performance (23/ BMSCC data) Top performing herds % 5% Average BMSCC (x, cells/ml) < <65 Number of consignments >, Case rate of clinical mastitis 8% 5% Culls/deaths due to mastitis -2% 3% Benefit of closing the gap from 5% (median) to top % performance $9,9 (for a cow herd, at $6./kg MS) BMSCC and cost of mastitis Estimated BMSCC (bulk milk SCC calculated from herd test data) is associated with different levels of subclinical mastitis in the herd: At, cells/ml, approximately 2% of cows have subclinical mastitis At 2, cells/ml, approximately 3% of cows have subclinical mastitis At 3, cells/ml, approximately 36% of cows have subclinical mastitis At, cells/ml, approximately % of cows have subclinical mastitis. PAGE 3

6 Milk yield losses are associated with mastitis Subclinical mastitis: 2.% reduction in milk yield per doubling of individual cow SCC above, cells/ml. 6. kg solids reduction per doubling of individual cow SCC above, cells/ml. Clinical mastitis: 3.3% milksolids loss associated with clinical mastitis. Each case of mastitis costs approximately $5 per case due to costs of drugs and discarded milk, labour and short term production losses. Use SmartSAMM Gap Calculator (dairynz.co.nz/mastitis-gap) to calculate the benefit of closing the gap between current and target performance for your herd s udder health. Teat spray Make up teat spray correctly. Use a registered product check registration with New Zealand Food Safety Authority (ACVM Act) at 2. Mix a fresh batch regularly every 2-3 days is recommended 3. Use potable (drinking quality) water cooled water from hot water tank is an option.. Mix according to label dilution rates may change as mastitis risk changes. 5. Use extra emollient if required emollient (glycerine or sorbitol) are skin conditioners. Use when teat condition is likely to be poor (e.g. in spring or wet muddy conditions). Replace some of the water volume with emollient. Check your mix Not all products are the same. Some are registered for different dilutions. Incorrect mixing can lead to problems with residues or outbreaks of mastitis. Check with supplier for appropriate mix before changing mix. FACTS & FIGURES

7 : 2 l teat spray = l concentrate + 6 l water :9 2 l teat spray = 2 l concentrate + 8 l water :9 2 l teat spray = 2 l concentrate + 2 l emollient + 6 l water : means: - part to parts ( to ) :9 means: - part to 9 parts ( to 9) - in 5-2% by volume - in - % by volume See DairyNZ Healthy Udder and dairynz.co.mz/mastitis for more on making up teat sprays. PAGE 33