ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS for DOGS and CATS against FLEAS, TICKS, LICE, MITES, MOSQUITOES and other external parasites
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1 ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS for DOGS and CATS against FLEAS, TICKS, LICE, MITES, MOSQUITOES and other external parasites Fleas and ticks are the most common external parasites of dogs and cats, and consequently most ectoparasiticidal drugs target these parasites. Many of these drugs are also effective against lice, mites, mosquitoes and other less important parasites. Based on their efficacy and reliability, there are two large groups of commercial products to control these parasites, "hard" products and "soft" products. "Soft" products are mostly shampoos, soaps, sprays, powders and the like that kill or repel more or less quickly and effectively (70-80%) these parasites immediately after application, but offer no real protection against re-infestation (i.e. no residual effect). This may require frequent re-treatments during the parasite's season. These "soft" products contain often the same pesticides than the "hard" products, but in less sophisticated formulations. They also contain more or less natural insecticides, often with a partial but sufficient efficacy. Registration of these products is often rather easy and most of them have not been thoroughly investigated regarding efficacy and safety. They are sold mostly over the counter. And there are thousands of brands and hundreds of manufacturers of these "soft" products. "Hard" products are mainly: Spot-ons (pipettes, squeeze-ons) for topical administration Tablets (pills, chewables, capsules, etc) or suspensions for oral administration Insecticide-impregnated collars Injectables (very few) All these "hard" products have in common that they are highly effective (usually >90%) against the parasites and offer at least about 1 month protection against re-infestation. In contrast with the soft products most of these products have been thoroughly investigated regarding efficacy and safety because registration requirements are rather strict in most countries. For this reason, most of the original products are marketed by large to medium pharmaceutical or agrochemical companies (e.g. BAYER, ELANCO, MERIAL, ZOETIS, etc.). Some of these products need a prescription and are sold only in pharmacies or veterinary clinics. Another common feature of these "hard" products is that they are often substantially more expensive than the "soft" ones. Active ingredients used in flea + tick products Very few active ingredients are effective against all external parasites and all their developmental stages. For these reason, numerous brands contain mixtures of active ingredients. A typical mixture is adulticide + IGR (=Insect Growth Regulator). Most insecticides are adulticides, i.e. effective mainly or exclusively against the adult parasites, whereas IGRs are effective against immature stages, and not against the adults. Most common IGRs used in these products are methoprene and pyriproxyfen that are added to ensure that fleas that may survive the adulticide do not reproduce. These IGRs have no effect whatsoever on ticks or mites. Another typical mixture is insecticide + tickicide. Several excellent flea killers (e.g. imidacloprid, indoxacarb, spinosad, etc.) are not effective against ticks. To add tick efficacy they are often mixed with a synthetic pyrethroid (e.g. permethrin, cyphenothrin, etofenprox, etc.) or with amitraz. But all these active ingredients are rather toxic to cats, and as a consequence most of these mixtures are only for dogs. Synthetic pyrethroids are often also effective against mosquitoes.
2 Flea and tick control in dogs and cats is the largest single Animal Health market worldwide, and a very profitable one. Consequently, all large and small companies have fought and are still fighting fiercely to get their share of it. This has resulted in numerous new active ingredients of different chemical classes fruit of massive investments in R&D by the large laboratories. And it has also resulted in numberless generic brands, once patent protection expired for the most successful active ingredients, particularly for fipronil. This section includes articles on the most popular "hard" products marketed in most Englishspeaking countries. Topical spot-ons with fipronil alone with fipronil + IGR with fipronil + tickicide with fipronil + IGR + tickicide with imidacloprid with other active ingredients Oral tablets or suspensions Collars impregnated with insecticides Injectables
3 Flea + tick spot-ons Spot-ons with fipronil alone Amflee Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Clear Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Easyspot Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Effipro Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li Int. Fipronil Eliminall Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fipracyl Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fipralone Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fipnil Do, Ca Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fiprex Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fiproclear Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fiproguard Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Fiprospot Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Fiprotech Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil First Defence Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Flevox Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Flick Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Frontline Top Spot Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li Int. Fipronil Fyperix Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Parastar Do Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Pestigon Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil Petarmor Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Pronyl PTC Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Ridaflea Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil ShieldTec Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil Total Care Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li AUS Fipronil Vet Series Do, Ca Fl AUS Fipronil VetGuard Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil VetUK Flea Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil
4 Spot-ons with fipronil + IGR Amflee Combo Do, Ca Fl, Ti UK Fipronil + methoprene Ecto Advance Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + methoprene Effipro Duo Do, Ca Fl, Ti UK Fipronil + pyriproxyfen Fipralone Duo Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil + pyriproxyfen Fiproguard Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + methoprene Fiprotec Combo Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil + methoprene Frontline Combo Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li Int. Fipronil + methoprene Frontline Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li Int. Fipronil + methoprene Fyperix Combo Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li UK Fipronil + methoprene Petaction Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + methoprene Petarmor Plus IGR Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + novaluron Pronyl OTC Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + methoprene Spectra Sure + IGR Do, Ca Fl, Ti USA Fipronil + methoprene ZoGuard Plus Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li USA Fipronil + methoprene Spot-ons with fipronil + tickicide Effitix Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + permethrin Fiproguard Max Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + cyphenothrin Fiproguard Max Ca Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + etofenprox Frontect Do Fl, Ti, Mo UK Fipronil + permethrin Parastar Plus Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + cyphenothrin Petarmor Pro Advance Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + permethrin Pronyl OTC Max Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + cyphenothrin Pronyl OTC Max Ca Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Fipronil + etofenprox
5 Spot-ons with fipronil + IGR + tickicide Spot-ons with imidacloprid Advantage Do,Ca Fl, Li Int. Imidacloprid Advantage II Do,Ca Fl, Li Int. Imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen Advantix Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Imidacloprid + permethrin Adventure Plus Do, Ca Fl, Li USA Imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen Clear Double Action Do, Ca Fl, Li UK Imidacloprid ClearSpot Do, Ca Fl, Li UK Imidacloprid K9 Advantix Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Imidacloprid + permethrin K9 Advantix II Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Imidacloprid + permethrin + pyriproxyfen Spot-ons with other active ingredients 4Fleas Protector Do, Ca Fl UK Pyriproxyfen Activyl Do,Ca Fl Int. Indoxacarb Activyl Tick Plus Do Fl, Ti Int. Indoxacarb + permethrin Assurity Ca Fl USA Spinetoram Bio Spot for Cats Ca Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene Bio Spot for Dogs Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene+ pyriproxyfen Bravecto Topical Sol. DoCa Fl, Ti Int. Fluralaner Catego Ca Fl, Ti USA Dinotefuran + fipronil + pyriproxyfen Cheristin Ca Fl USA Spinetoram Exspot Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Permethrin Freedom Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Permethrin Liberty 50 Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Permethrin + pyriproxyfen Ovitrol X-Tend Ca Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene Ovitrol X-Tend Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene Prac-Tic Do Fl, Ti UK Pyriprole ProTIcall Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Permethrin ShieldTec Plus Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Permethrin + pyriproxyfen Spot-on Flea Control Ca Fl AUS Pyriproxyfen
6 Triforce Canine Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Cyphenothrin + pyriproxyfen Triforce Feline Ca Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + pyriproxyfen Ultraguard Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox Ultraguard Onespot Ca Fl USA Methoprene Ultraguard Pro Ca Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene Ultraguard Pro Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Etofenprox + methoprene+ pyriproxyfen Vectra Do,Ca Fl Int. Dinotefuran + pyriproxyfen Vectra 3D Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo Int. Dinotefuran + permethrin + pyriproxyfen VetGuard Plus Do Fl, Ti, Li, Mo USA Permethrin + pyriproxyfen Zodiac for Cats Ca Fl USA Methoprene Zodiac for Dogs Do Fl, Ti, Mo USA Permethrin + methoprene Flea + Tick tablets and oral suspensions 4Fleas Do, Ca Fl UK Nitenpyram Bravecto Do Fl, Ti Int. Fluralaner Capstar Do, Ca Fl Int. Nitenpyram Clear Flea Do, Ca Fl UK Nitenpyram Comfortis Do, Ca Fl, Ti, Li Int. Spinosad Nexgard Do Fl, Ti Int. Afoxolaner Palatable Flea Control Do, Ca Fl AUS Pyriproxyfen Program Tablets Do, Ca Fl Int. Lufenuron Program Oral Susp. Ca Fl Int. Lufenuron Sentry Capguard Do, Ca Fl USA Nitenpyram Simparica Do Fl, Ti, Mi Int. Sarolaner
7 Flea + Tick Collars Adams Plus(large) Do Fl, Ti USA Methoprene + tetrachlorvinphos Adams Plus (small) Do Fl, Ti USA Propoxur + methoprene Beaphar Flea & Tick Do, Ca Fl, Ti UK Dimpylate=diazinon Bolfo Do,Ca Fl, Ti Int. Propoxur Breakaway Plus Ca Fl, Ti USA Propoxur + methoprene Clear Collar Do, Ca Fl, Ti UK Dimpylate=diazinon Kiltix Do,Ca Fl, Ti Int. Propoxur + flumethrin Powerband Do Fl, Ti USA Propoxur + methoprene Scalibor Do Fl, Ti, Mo Int. Deltamethrin Salvo Do Fl, Ti USA Deltamethrin Seresto Do,Ca Fl, Ti, Li, Mi Int. Imidacloprid + flumethrin Ultrashield Do Fl, Ti USA Deltamethrin
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