PILOT STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHIGELLA IN NEW ZEALAND IN 1996

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "PILOT STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHIGELLA IN NEW ZEALAND IN 1996"

Transcription

1 PILOT STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHIGELLA IN NEW ZEALAND IN 996 November 996 by Maggie Brett Antibiotic Reference Laboratory ESR Communicable Disease Centre Porirua

2 CONTENTS Page SUMMARY INTRODUCTION 2 METHODOLOGY 3 RESULTS 4 DISCUSSION 8 REFERENCES 0

3 SUMMARY Shigella species are an important cause of gastrointestinal disease manifested by watery diarrhoea that may progress to mucoid bloody diarrhoea or dysentery. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Shigella, particularly multiresistance to ampicillin and trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), the drugs of choice, has complicated antibiotic treatment of shigellosis. Studies in several countries have shown an increase in the prevalence of resistance among Shigella spp. As there is little current information on the prevalence of resistance among Shigella isolated in New Zealand, this pilot project aimed to examine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of recent isolates of Shigella. A total of 07 isolates were referred to ESR Communicable Disease Centre in January to June 996. All isolates were serotyped, biotyped and tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline and TMP-SMZ by an agar dilution method. The predominant species was Shigella sonnei which accounted for nearly 70% of the isolates. Shigella flexneri accounted for 23% and Shigella boydii and Shigella dysenteriae were relatively rare. Resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ was detected in 42.% and 57.0% respectively. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance occurred in 5.9% and cephalothin resistance in 5.6% of the isolates. Combined resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ was detected in 30.8% of the isolates. Resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem was not detected and 3.8% of the isolates were sensitive to all agents tested. Ampicillin resistance was significantly more prevalent in S. flexneri than S. sonnei and in isolates of known overseas origins. This pilot study demonstrated that a good proportion of Shigella isolated in New Zealand are resistant to the drugs of choice, ampicillin and TMP-SMZ, and nearly a third of Shigella exhibited combined resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. This combined resistance complicates empirical treatment of shigellosis as alternative antimicrobial agents are more costly and some agents like quinolones are not yet approved for use in children. The findings indicate that there is a need to monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella and suggest that susceptibility testing of Shigella might be needed to aid empirical therapy. It was reassuring that resistance to the other alternative antimicrobial agents like quinolones and third generation cephalosporins was not detected.

4 INTRODUCTION 2 Shigella species are an important cause of gastrointestinal disease manifested by watery diarrhoea that may progress to mucoid bloody diarrhoea or dysentery. The severity of the disease is related in part to the infecting species; Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri infections can progress to dysentery while Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei generally cause a self-limited, watery diarrhoea. Effective antimicrobial therapy has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of the disease as well as shortening the period in which organisms are shed. 2 Shigella isolates resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents have been reported in Asia, 3 Europe, 4 and the Americas. 5,6 Past experience has shown that Shigella spp. have a propensity to develop resistances to antimicrobial agents. In response to increases in ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) resistances among Shigella isolates in Bangladesh, nalidixic acid was introduced for the treatment of shigellosis. Within four years, there was a high rate of nalidixic acid resistance among S. dysenteriae type. 3 In developed countries like the United States and Finland, multiply resistant strains have been largely linked with foreign travel and day care centres. 4,7 The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Shigella, particularly to the drugs of choice ampicillin and TMP-SMZ, has complicated antibiotic treatment of shigellosis. Studies in several countries have shown an increase in the prevalence of resistance among Shigella spp. 3,4,5 There is little current information on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Shigella isolated in New Zealand. This pilot project aimed to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella referred to ESR in January to June 996.

5 METHODOLOGY 3 Bacterial strains A total of 07 clinical isolates of Shigella spp. referred to ESR Communicable Disease Centre during January to June 996 were tested. The isolates were referred by 20 hospital and community laboratories throughout New Zealand and were identified and serotyped by standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests The susceptibility of the isolates was tested by an agar dilution method following NCCLS guidelines 8 to the following antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, TMP-SMZ, gentamicin and imipenem. Mueller-Hinton agar was used to test for all the antimicrobial agents except for TMP-SMZ where Mueller- Hinton agar supplemented with 5% lysed horse blood was used. An inoculum of 0 4 cfu/spot was applied to plates using a multipoint inoculator. The plates were incubated at 35 C for 8 hours. MIC endpoints were read as recommended by NCCLS and the susceptibility results were interpreted according to NCCLS recommendations. 9 The following controls were included with every batch of tests: Escherichia coli NZRM Acc 96 (ATCC 25922), sensitive control E. coli NZRM Acc 2749 (NCTC 560), -lactamase positive control

6 RESULTS 4 Distribution of Shigella species Of 07 Shigella isolates referred in January to June 996, S. sonnei accounted for 69.2% (74) and S. flexneri for 23.3% (25). S. boydii and S. dysenteriae were relatively rare, accounting for 4.7% (5) and 2.8% (3) respectively. The distribution of serotypes and biotypes among the 07 isolates is shown in Table. Among these isolates was a cluster of eight isolates of S. sonnei biotype g from an outbreak. Table. Distribution of biotypes and serotypes of Shigella isolates Species Number % Shigella sonnei biotype a biotype e biotype g Shigella flexneri type type a type 2 type 2a type 3 type 3a type 4b type 6 Shigella boydii type 2 type 3 type 8 Shigella dysenteriae type type

7 Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Shigella 5 The ranges, MIC50, MIC90 and percent resistance of each antibiotic tested are shown in Table 2. Resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ was detected in 42.% and 57.0% respectively. The prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin was 5.9% and 5.6%. One isolate was intermediate resistant to cefotaxime and another isolate was intermediate resistant to imipenem. No resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or imipenem was detected. Table 2. Ranges, MIC 50, MIC 90 of 07 Shigella isolates MIC (mg/l) % Antimicrobial agent range MIC50 MIC90 resistant Ampicillin Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid Cefotaxime Cephalothin Ciprofloxacin Gentamicin Imipenem Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 0.06/.2-6/304 6/304 6/ Resistance trends among Shigella species The resistance trends among Shigella species were analysed for S. sonnei and S. flexneri only as there were few isolates of S. boydii and S. dysenteriae. Table 3 depicts the distribution of the antimicrobial resistances among isolates of S. sonnei and S. flexneri. There were no significant differences between these two species except for ampicillin resistance. S. flexneri was significantly more resistant to ampicillin than S. sonnei ( 2 test, p<0.00). Table 3. Antimicrobial resistances (%), by species Antimicrobial agent Shigella sonnei n=74 Shigella flexneri n=25 Ampicillin Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid Cephalothin Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole

8 Antibiograms and multiresistance 6 The prevalence of multiple resistance and distribution of resistance patterns is shown in Table 4. A total of 3.8% of the isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobial agents tested, 35.5% were resistant to one agent, 29% were resistant to two agents, 3.7% were resistant to at least three agents. Resistance to both ampicillin and TMP-SMZ occurred in 30.8% of the isolates. Combined ampicillin and TMP-SMZ resistance was detected in S. sonnei (7), S. flexneri (4), S. boydii () and S. dysenteriae (). Fifty six % of S. flexneri isolates were resistant to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. Table 4. Prevalence of multiple resistance and resistance patterns % (Number) Patterns % with each pattern Fully sensitive 3.8 (34) Resistant to agent 35.5 (38) Amp TMP-SMZ Resistant to 2 agents 29.0 (3) Amp TMP-SMZ 29.0 Resistant to 3 agents 2.8 (3) Amp Amc TMP-SMZ Amp Amc Cep.8 Resistant to 4 agents () Amp Amc Cep TMP-SMZ Amp = ampicillin; Cep = cephalothin; Amc = amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; TMP-SMZ = trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole Shigella isolates of known overseas origin Among the 07 Shigella isolates, 9 were from patients who had either been overseas recently, or were overseas visitors, refugees or immigrants. Thirteen were S. sonnei (nine biotype a, four biotype g), three were S. flexneri, two were S. boydii and one was S. dysenteriae. The prevalence of resistance is shown in Table 5. Except for ampicillin, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of resistance between isolates of known overseas origin and isolates that were not known to have overseas origins. Isolates of known overseas origins were significantly more resistant to ampicillin ( 2 test, p < 0.04).

9 Table 5. Association between overseas origin and % resistance 7 Antimicrobial agent Shigella isolates of known overseas origins n=9 Shigella isolates without known overseas origins n=88 Ampicillin Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid Cephalothin TMP-SMZ Ampicillin + TMP-SMZ TMP-SMZ = trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole

10 DISCUSSION 8 Shigella sonnei and S. flexneri have been the main Shigella species isolated in New Zealand. In recent years, S. sonnei has been the predominant species. In this study, nearly 70% of the Shigella isolates were S. sonnei and 23% were S. flexneri. Almost 47% of the isolates were S. sonnei biotype a, which is considered to be endemic in New Zealand. In developed countries in recent years, S. sonnei has been reported to be the predominant species. 0, The sensitivities of Shigella isolates in New Zealand were routinely determined in the 970s and early 980s by the Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, ESR. 2 Between 969 and 975 the prevalence of ampicillin resistance varied from 20% to 78%. 2,3 However, from 976 to 982, ampicillin resistance decreased to under 0% among the Shigella isolates. 2 In this study, 42.% of recent Shigella isolates were ampicillin-resistant and 57% were TMP- SMZ-resistant. Almost 3% were resistant to both ampicillin and TMP-SMZ, the drugs of choice for shigellosis. No resistance to quinolones was detected. Quinolones have become first line agents for shigellosis in countries with high prevalences of resistances to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. However, quinolones are not yet approved for use in children. In Bangladesh and Africa, S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae are the predominant species isolated and S. dysenteriae type in particular has been associated with multiple antibiotic resistance. 3,4,5 In Bangladesh, S. flexneri was often more resistant to antibiotics than the other non- S. dysenteriae type isolates. 3 Our study showed that ampicillin resistance, but not other antibiotic resistance, was significantly higher in S. flexneri than in S. sonnei. In addition, 56% of the S. flexneri isolates manifested resistance to both ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. This finding is in contrast to the study carried out in Israel by Ashkenazy et al. 0 who showed that S. sonnei was significantly more resistant to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ than S. flexneri. Ashkenazy et al. reported increases in resistance rates to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ to nearly 90% among S. sonnei between 984 and 992. In developed countries, infection with multiply resistant Shigella has been associated with travel overseas. 7,6,7 Results from this study showed that ampicillin resistance was significantly higher in isolates with known overseas origin. Also, 42.4% of the isolates of known overseas origin had combined resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. However, resistance to TMP-SMZ and ampicillin was detected in almost 57% and 38% of Shigella isolated from patients with no known history of travel overseas.

11 9 This pilot study demonstrated that a good proportion of Shigella isolated in New Zealand are resistant to the drugs of choice, ampicillin and TMP-SMZ and nearly a third of Shigella exhibited combined resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ. The prevalence of this combined resistance is of concern as it complicates the empirical treatment of shigellosis. The alternative antimicrobial agents are more costly and some agents like quinolones are not yet approved for use in children. The findings indicate that there is a need to monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella and suggest that susceptibility testing of Shigella might be needed to aid empirical therapy. It was reassuring that resistance to the other alternative antimicrobial agents like quinolones and third generation cephalosporins was not detected.

12 REFERENCES 0 Formal SB, Levine MM. Shigellosis, p In R Germanier (ed.), Bacterial vaccines. Academic Press, New York. 2 Salam MA, Bennish ML. Antimicrobial therapy for shigellosis. Rev Infect Dis 99; 3 (Suppl 4):S Bennish ML, Salam MA, Hossain MA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Bangladesh, : Increasing frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Clin Infect Dis 992; 4: Heikkila E, Siitonen A, Jahola M, et al. Increase of trimethoprim resistance among Shigella species : analysis of resistance mechanisms. J Infect Dis 990; 6: Lima AAM, Lima NL, Pinho MCN, et al. High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in Northeastern Brazil during the period 988 to 993. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 995; 39: Griffin PM, Tauxe RV, Redd SC, et al. Emergence of highly trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resistant Shigella in native American populations. An epidemiological study. Am J Epidemiol 989; 29: Tauxe RV, Puhr ND, Wells JG, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in the USA: the importance of international travellers. J Infect Dis 990; 62: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically - third edition; Approved Standard. NCCLS Document M7-A3. Villanova, Pennsylvania, NCCLS, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Sixth Informational Supplement. NCCLS Document M00-S6. Villanova, Pennsylvania, NCCLS, Ashkenazi S, May-Zahav M, Sulkes J, et al. Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period Antimicrob Agents Chemother 995; 39:

13 Lee LA, Shapiro CN, Hargrett-Bean N, et al. Hyperendemic shigellosis in the United States: a review of surveillance data for J Infect Dis 99; 64: Communicable Disease Centre, ESR, unpublished data. 3 Green MJ. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in New Zealand. New Zealand Med J 979; 89: Ries AA, Wells JG, Olivola D, et al. Epidemic Shigella dysenteriae type in Burundi: panresistance and implication for prevention. J Infect Dis 994; 69: Rahaman MM, Khan MM, Aziz KMS, et al. An outbreak of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type on a coral island in the Bay of Bengal. J Infect Dis 975; 32: Voogd CE, Schot CS, van Leeuwen WJ, et al. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance in Shigellae isolated in the Netherlands Eur J Clin Microbiol 992; : Vila J, Gascon J, Abdalla S, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates causing traveler s diarrhea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 994; 38:

Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR); August 2017

Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR); August 2017 Antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella, 2015 and 2016 Helen Heffernan and Rosemary Woodhouse Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR); August 2017

More information

Species Distribution' and Antibiotic Resistance of Shigella Isolates in an Urban Community in Malaysia

Species Distribution' and Antibiotic Resistance of Shigella Isolates in an Urban Community in Malaysia ORIGINAL ARTICLE Species Distribution' and Antibiotic Resistance of Shigella Isolates in an Urban Community in Malaysia W S Lee, MRCP, S D Puthucheary, FRCPath Departments of Paediatrics and Medical Microbiology,

More information

Isolation & antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella from patients with acute gastroenteritis in western Nepal

Isolation & antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella from patients with acute gastroenteritis in western Nepal Indian J Med Res 123, February 2006, pp 145-150 Isolation & antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella from patients with acute gastroenteritis in western Nepal Godwin Wilson, Joshy M. Easow, Chiranjoy Mukhopadhyay

More information

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran,

Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, isolated in Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2001-2006 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT Appropriate antimicrobial treatment of shigellosis depends on identifying its changing resistance pattern

More information

Antibiotic therapy of acute gastroenteritis

Antibiotic therapy of acute gastroenteritis Antibiotic therapy of acute gastroenteritis Potential goals Clinical improvement (vs control) Fecal eradication of the pathogen and decrease infectivity Prevent complications Acute gastroenteritis viruses

More information

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2015

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2015 Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2015 Hospital and community laboratories are requested to refer all Salmonella isolated from human salmonellosis cases to ESR for serotyping and the laboratory-based

More information

Please distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization.

Please distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization. HEALTH ADVISORY TO: Physicians and other Healthcare Providers Please distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization. Questions regarding this information may be directed to

More information

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 957-961 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

More information

Epidemiology of Shigella species isolated from diarrheal children and drawing their antibiotic resistance pattern

Epidemiology of Shigella species isolated from diarrheal children and drawing their antibiotic resistance pattern Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006;1(3):149-155 2006 IDTMRC, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center ORIGINAL ARTICLE Epidemiology of Shigella species isolated from

More information

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN COMMENSAL E. COLI FROM LIVESTOCK IN BELGIUM: Veterinary Epidemiology

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN COMMENSAL E. COLI FROM LIVESTOCK IN BELGIUM: Veterinary Epidemiology ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN COMMENSAL E. COLI FROM LIVESTOCK IN BELGIUM: TREND ANALYSIS 2011-2017 Veterinary Epidemiology 03.05.2018 General objectives Monitoring and reporting of antimicrobial resistance

More information

Serodiversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Shigella Isolates at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Serodiversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Shigella Isolates at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 62, 93-97, 2009 Original Article Serodiversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Shigella Isolates at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia Moges Tiruneh*

More information

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2016

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2016 susceptibility of Salmonella, 06 Hospital and community laboratories are requested to refer all Salmonella isolated from human salmonellosis cases to ESR for serotyping and the laboratory-based surveillance

More information

APPENDIX III - DOUBLE DISK TEST FOR ESBL

APPENDIX III - DOUBLE DISK TEST FOR ESBL Policy # MI\ANTI\04\03\v03 Page 1 of 5 Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Manual Subject Title: Appendix III - Double Disk Test for ESBL Issued by: LABORATORY MANAGER Original Date: January

More information

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli CRL Campylobacter Workshop The 7th -8th of Oct. 2008 National Veterinary Institute Uppsala, Sweden Legislation The Commission has

More information

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. CRL Training course in AST Copenhagen, Denmark 23-27th Feb.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. CRL Training course in AST Copenhagen, Denmark 23-27th Feb. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli CRL Training course in AST Copenhagen, Denmark 23-27th Feb. 2009 Methodologies E-test by AB-biodisk A dilution test based on the

More information

Epidemiology of Shigellosis in Lagos, Nigeria: Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance

Epidemiology of Shigellosis in Lagos, Nigeria: Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2001 Sep;19(3):183-190 2001 ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research ISSN Trends 1606-0997 in antimicrobial $ 5.00+0.20 resistance in Nigeria 183 Epidemiology of Shigellosis

More information

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The

More information

Version 1.01 (01/10/2016)

Version 1.01 (01/10/2016) CHN58: ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (CLSI) 1.0 PURPOSE / INTRODUCTION: 1.1 Introduction Antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed in order to determine whether a pathogen is likely to be

More information

DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIALS AMONG SHIGELLA FLEXNERI ISOLATES IN MANIPAL, SOUTH INDIA A 5 YEAR HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIALS AMONG SHIGELLA FLEXNERI ISOLATES IN MANIPAL, SOUTH INDIA A 5 YEAR HOSPITAL BASED STUDY DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIALS AMONG SHIGELLA FLEXNERI ISOLATES IN MANIPAL, SOUTH INDIA A 5 YEAR HOSPITAL BASED STUDY Ballal Mamatha and Chakraborty Rituparna Department of Clinical Microbiology

More information

ESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author

ESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author Expert rules in susceptibility testing EUCAST-ESGARS-EPASG Educational Workshop Linz, 16 19 September, 2014 Dr. Rafael Cantón Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal SERVICIO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA Y PARASITOLOGÍA

More information

Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST

Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST This document sets out the main differences between the BSAC and EUCAST disc diffusion methods with specific emphasis on preparation prior to

More information

EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control

EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 59 ATCC

More information

a. 379 laboratories provided quantitative results, e.g (DD method) to 35.4% (MIC method) of all participants; see Table 2.

a. 379 laboratories provided quantitative results, e.g (DD method) to 35.4% (MIC method) of all participants; see Table 2. AND QUANTITATIVE PRECISION (SAMPLE UR-01, 2017) Background and Plan of Analysis Sample UR-01 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony

More information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali,

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, In the name of God Shiraz E-Medical Journal Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2010 http://semj.sums.ac.ir/vol11/jul2010/88030.htm Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, Rwanda. Ashok

More information

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01

More information

Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 3.1, valid from

Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 3.1, valid from Routine internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version.1, valid from 01-01-01 Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus

More information

EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING

EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING CHN61: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING 1.1 Introduction A common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production

More information

Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals

Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals J Vet Diagn Invest :164 168 (1998) Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals Susannah K. Hubert, Phouc Dinh Nguyen, Robert D. Walker Abstract.

More information

PROTOCOL for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella test strains

PROTOCOL for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella test strains PROTOCOL for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella test strains 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 2 OBJECTIVES... 2 3 OUTLINE OF THE EQAS 2017... 2 3.1 Shipping, receipt and storage of strains...

More information

Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method.

Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. OBJECTIVES 1. Compare the antimicrobial capabilities of different antibiotics. 2. Compare effectiveness of with different types of bacteria.

More information

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Shigella Species Isolated in China during the 7-Year Period of

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Shigella Species Isolated in China during the 7-Year Period of Original Article Clinical Microbiology Ann Lab Med 2013;33:111-115 ISSN 2234-3806 eissn 2234-3814 Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Shigella Species Isolated in China during the

More information

There are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility

There are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING ON MILK SAMPLES Method and guidelines There are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility

More information

Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella - rapid increase & widening of spectrum in Andaman Islands, India

Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella - rapid increase & widening of spectrum in Andaman Islands, India Indian J Med Res 135, March 2012, pp 365-370 Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella - rapid increase & widening of spectrum in Andaman Islands, India Debdutta Bhattacharya, Sugunan A.P., Haimanti Bhattacharjee,

More information

Main objectives of the EURL EQAS s

Main objectives of the EURL EQAS s EQAS Enterococci, Staphylococci and E. coli EURL workshop, April, 11 Lourdes García Migura Main objectives of the EURL EQAS s To improve the comparability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)

More information

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KENYA; What Surveillance tells us

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KENYA; What Surveillance tells us ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KENYA; What Surveillance tells us Sam Kariuki Kenya Medical Research Institute Introduction Although no systematic national surveillance is in place, few sentinel studies indicate

More information

BACTERIAL ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DYSENTERY IN THAILAND: INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF QUINOLONE-RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER

BACTERIAL ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DYSENTERY IN THAILAND: INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF QUINOLONE-RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH BACTERIAL ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DYSENTERY IN THAILAND: INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF QUINOLONE-RESISTANT CAMPYLOBACTER L Bodhidatta 1, N Vithayasai

More information

Christiane Gaudreau* and Huguette Gilbert

Christiane Gaudreau* and Huguette Gilbert Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, 707 712 JAC Comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and Campylobacter

More information

January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1

January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1 January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1. and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Interpretive Standards for Testing Conditions Medium: diffusion: Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) roth dilution: cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton

More information

RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA USING A COMBINATION OF SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT MEDIA AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ISOLATES IN MEAT IN THAILAND

RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA USING A COMBINATION OF SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT MEDIA AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ISOLATES IN MEAT IN THAILAND RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA USING A COMBINATION OF SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT MEDIA AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ISOLATES IN MEAT IN THAILAND Aroon Bangtrakulnonth 1, Srirat Pornrungwong 1, Chaiwat Pulsrikarn

More information

Helen Heffernan and Rosemary Woodhouse Antibiotic Reference Laboratory

Helen Heffernan and Rosemary Woodhouse Antibiotic Reference Laboratory METHODS USED IN NEW ZEALAND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES TO IDENTIFY AND REPORT EXTENDED-SPECTRUM β-lactamase- PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE by Helen Heffernan and Rosemary Woodhouse Antibiotic Reference Laboratory

More information

Should we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? by author

Should we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? by author Should we test Clostridium difficile for antimicrobial resistance? Paola Mastrantonio Department of Infectious Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome,Italy Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) (first

More information

Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran

Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran Letter to the Editor Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran Mohammad Rahbar, PhD; Massoud Hajia, PhD

More information

Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit

Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 160-164 Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit KIM BRIDGES AND E. J. L. LOWBURY From the MRC Industrial Injuries and Burns Unit, Birmingham

More information

2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time)

2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time) Key words I μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ II Fig. 1. Microdilution plate. The dilution step of the antimicrobial agent is prepared in the -well microplate. Serial twofold dilution were prepared according

More information

Performance Information. Vet use only

Performance Information. Vet use only Performance Information Vet use only Performance of plates read manually was measured in three sites. Each centre tested Enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci and pseudomonas-like organisms.

More information

Brief reports. Heat stability of the antimicrobial activity of sixty-two antibacterial agents

Brief reports. Heat stability of the antimicrobial activity of sixty-two antibacterial agents Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (5) 35, -5 Brief reports Heat stability of the antimicrobial activity of sixty-two antibacterial agents Walter H. Traub and Birgit Leonhard Institut fur Medizinische

More information

Available online at ISSN No:

Available online at  ISSN No: Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2017, 6(4): 36-42 Comparative Evaluation of In-Vitro Doripenem Susceptibility with Other

More information

What s new in EUCAST methods?

What s new in EUCAST methods? What s new in EUCAST methods? Derek Brown EUCAST Scientific Secretary Interactive question 1 MIC determination MH-F broth for broth microdilution testing of fastidious microorganisms Gradient MIC tests

More information

An evaluation of the susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative organisms isolated in cancer centres with aminoglycoside usage

An evaluation of the susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative organisms isolated in cancer centres with aminoglycoside usage Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1991) 27, Suppl. C, 1-7 An evaluation of the susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative organisms isolated in cancer centres with aminoglycoside usage J. J. Muscato",

More information

Multiple drug resistance pattern in Urinary Tract Infection patients in Aligarh

Multiple drug resistance pattern in Urinary Tract Infection patients in Aligarh Multiple drug resistance pattern in Urinary Tract Infection patients in Aligarh Author(s): Asad U Khan and Mohd S Zaman Vol. 17, No. 3 (2006-09 - 2006-12) Biomedical Research 2006; 17 (3): 179-181 Asad

More information

Concise Antibiogram Toolkit Background

Concise Antibiogram Toolkit Background Background This toolkit is designed to guide nursing homes in creating their own antibiograms, an important tool for guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. Information about antibiograms and instructions

More information

Mili Rani Saha and Sanya Tahmina Jhora. Department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mili Rani Saha and Sanya Tahmina Jhora. Department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford, Dhaka, Bangladesh Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative organisms: hospital prevalence and comparison of double disc synergy and E-test methods Mili Rani Saha and Sanya Tahmina Jhora Original

More information

Prevalence of Shigella Serogroups and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Southern Trinidad

Prevalence of Shigella Serogroups and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Southern Trinidad J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2008 Dec;26(4):456-462 ISSN 1606-0997 $ 5.00+0.20 INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH Prevalence of Shigella Serogroups and Their Antimicrobial Resistance

More information

Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing These suggestions are intended to indicate minimum sets of agents to test routinely in a diagnostic laboratory

More information

MALAYSIA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) ANIMAL HEALTH

MALAYSIA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) ANIMAL HEALTH MALAYSIA NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) ANIMAL HEALTH DR. SAIPUL BAHARI BIN ABDUL REE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SERVICES WISMA TANI, LEVEL 5, PODIUM BLOCK 1A, LOT 4G1, PRECINT 4,

More information

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Original Article Vol. 21 No. 2 ESBL producers among blood culture isolates:- Kapoor L, Deb M. 53 Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Lata

More information

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN NEW ZEALAND, 2002

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN NEW ZEALAND, 2002 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN NEW ZEALAND, 2002 by Helen Heffernan, Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, ESR, Porirua; Mike Brokenshire, LabPlus, Auckland District Health Board,

More information

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase Producers among Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Kurnool District, India

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase Producers among Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Kurnool District, India International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 319-77 Volume Number (17) pp. 57-3 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/1.5/ijcmas.17..31

More information

Trends en voorkomen van resistenties bij Salmonella, Campylobacter en E. coli geïsoleerd uit de voeding

Trends en voorkomen van resistenties bij Salmonella, Campylobacter en E. coli geïsoleerd uit de voeding Trends en voorkomen van resistenties bij Salmonella, Campylobacter en E. coli geïsoleerd uit de voeding Cristina Garcia-Graells, Nadine Botteldoorn, Katelijne Dierick NRL AMR Food Pathogens - AMCRA 30/06/2017

More information

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity with Reference to Ages of Elders

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity with Reference to Ages of Elders Daffodil International University Institutional Repository DIU Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, Issue 1-2, July 2015 2016-06-16 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity with Reference

More information

Intrinsic, implied and default resistance

Intrinsic, implied and default resistance Appendix A Intrinsic, implied and default resistance Magiorakos et al. [1] and CLSI [2] are our primary sources of information on intrinsic resistance. Sanford et al. [3] and Gilbert et al. [4] have been

More information

Project Summary. Impact of Feeding Neomycin on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli O157:H7 and Commensal Organisms

Project Summary. Impact of Feeding Neomycin on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli O157:H7 and Commensal Organisms Project Summary Impact of Feeding Neomycin on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli O157:H7 and Commensal Organisms Principal Investigators: Mindy Brashears, Ph.D., Texas Tech University Guy

More information

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance

Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance 38 The Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 2010, 4, 38-54 Open Access Update on Antibacterial Resistance in Low-Income Countries: Factors Favoring the Emergence of Resistance Jordi Vila *,1 and Tibor Pal

More information

Principles and Practice of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Microbiology Technical Workshop 25 th September 2013

Principles and Practice of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Microbiology Technical Workshop 25 th September 2013 Principles and Practice of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Microbiology Technical Workshop 25 th September 2013 Scope History Why Perform Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing? How to Perform an Antimicrobial

More information

Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Clinically Isolated Shigella dysenteriae in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan*

Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Clinically Isolated Shigella dysenteriae in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan* Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 41(6), pp. 495-503, 2009. Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Clinically Isolated Shigella dysenteriae in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan* Basharat Ahmed, Farah. R.

More information

CROATIA TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS

CROATIA TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS CROATIA The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS including information on foodborne

More information

Emerging Nalidixic Acid and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Non Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Patients having Acute Diarrhoeal Disease

Emerging Nalidixic Acid and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Non Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Patients having Acute Diarrhoeal Disease Original Article Emerging Nalidixic Acid and Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Non Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Patients having Acute Diarrhoeal Disease B.R.Panhotra MD, PhD, MNAMS; A.K.Saxena MD, MRCP

More information

1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OUTLINE OF THE SALM/CAMP EQAS

1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OUTLINE OF THE SALM/CAMP EQAS PROTOCOL For antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella, Campylobacter and optional genotypic characterisation of AmpC-, ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing test strains 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 2 OBJECTIVES...

More information

Tel: Fax:

Tel: Fax: CONCISE COMMUNICATION Bactericidal activity and synergy studies of BAL,a novel pyrrolidinone--ylidenemethyl cephem,tested against streptococci, enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci L. M.

More information

Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Juhee Ahn Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering Kangwon National University October 23, 27 Antibiotic Development

More information

Quality assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Quality assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing Quality assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing Derek Brown Routine quality control Repeated testing of controls in parallel with tests to ensure that the test system is performing reproducibly

More information

On farm risks associated with the prevalence of resistant strains of Escherichia coli: a pilot study

On farm risks associated with the prevalence of resistant strains of Escherichia coli: a pilot study On farm risks associated with the prevalence of resistant strains of Escherichia coli: a pilot study The aim of the study Investigate the prevalence of resistant strains of Escherichia coli as related

More information

In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Enteropathogens Causing Traveler s Diarrhea in Four Geographic Regions

In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Enteropathogens Causing Traveler s Diarrhea in Four Geographic Regions ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Jan. 2001, p. 212 216 Vol. 45, No. 1 0066-4804/01/$04.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.1.212 216.2001 Copyright 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

More information

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection Isolates from Female Patients on the US (Texas)- Mexico Border

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection Isolates from Female Patients on the US (Texas)- Mexico Border Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection Isolates from Female Patients on the US (Texas)- Mexico Border Yvonne Vasquez, MPH W. Lee Hand, MD Department of Research

More information

Urban Water Security Research Alliance

Urban Water Security Research Alliance Urban Water Security Research Alliance Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Wastewaters and Sewage Treatment Plants Mohammad Katouli Hospital Wastewater Science Forum, 19-20 June 2012 Antibiotic resistance

More information

Brief reports. Decreased susceptibility to imipenem among penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

Brief reports. Decreased susceptibility to imipenem among penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 40, 105 108 Brief reports JAC Decreased susceptibility to imipenem among penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Andreas Pikis a *, Jacob A. Donkersloot

More information

Original Article. Hossein Khalili a*, Rasool Soltani b, Sorrosh Negahban c, Alireza Abdollahi d and Keirollah Gholami e.

Original Article. Hossein Khalili a*, Rasool Soltani b, Sorrosh Negahban c, Alireza Abdollahi d and Keirollah Gholami e. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (22), (2): 559-563 Received: January 2 Accepted: June 2 Copyright 22 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services

More information

A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya

A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya LU Edirisinghe 1, D Vidanagama 2 1 Senior Registrar in Medicine, 2 Consultant Microbiologist,

More information

Irrational use of antimicrobial agents often

Irrational use of antimicrobial agents often Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Bacteria in 1 and Abdo-Rabbo A. 2 Irrational use of antimicrobial agents often leads to the multi-drug resistance microorganisms. This study is aimed at investigating

More information

ORIGINAL ARTICLE. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to antimicrobial agents used to treat respiratory tract infections.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to antimicrobial agents used to treat respiratory tract infections. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis collected from five centers in Brazil, 1997 98 I. A. Critchley 1, C. Thornsberry

More information

Study of drug resistance pattern of principal ESBL producing urinary isolates in an urban hospital setting in Eastern India

Study of drug resistance pattern of principal ESBL producing urinary isolates in an urban hospital setting in Eastern India Research article Study of drug resistance pattern of principal ESBL producing urinary isolates in an urban hospital setting in Eastern India Mitali Chatterjee, 1 M. Banerjee, 1 S. Guha, 2 A.Lahiri, 3 K.Karak

More information

RELIABLE AND REALISTIC APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY TESTING

RELIABLE AND REALISTIC APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY TESTING RELIABLE AND REALISTIC APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY TESTING Pages with reference to book, From 94 To 97 S. Hafiz, N. Lyall, S. Punjwani, Shahida Q. Zaidi ( Department of Microbiology, The Aga Khan University

More information

Evaluation of the BIOGRAM Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test System

Evaluation of the BIOGRAM Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test System JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 1985, p. 793-798 0095-1137/85/110793-06$02.00/0 Copyright 1985, American Society for Microbiology Vol. 22, No. 5 Evaluation of the BIOGRAM Antimicrobial Susceptibility

More information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course Cascade Reporting Cascade Reporting I. Selecting Antimicrobial Agents for Testing and Reporting Selection of the most appropriate antimicrobials to

More information

EUCAST-and CLSI potency NEO-SENSITABS

EUCAST-and CLSI potency NEO-SENSITABS EUCASTand CLSI potency NEOSENSITABS Neo Sensitabs Page 1 / 6 Document: 6.2.0 Fastidious organisms EUCAST Interpretation zones and MIC breakpoints according to recommendations by the "Comité de l'antibiogramme

More information

Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Is Associated with Excess Bloodstream Infections and Hospitalizations

Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Is Associated with Excess Bloodstream Infections and Hospitalizations MAJOR ARTICLE Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella Is Associated with Excess Bloodstream Infections and Hospitalizations Jay K. Varma, 1,2 Kåre Mølbak, 3 Timothy J. Barrett, 2 James L. Beebe,

More information

DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme

DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme Hanne-Dorthe Emborg Department of Microbiology and Risk Assessment National Food Institute, DTU Introduction The DANMAP

More information

Antibiogram Profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods

Antibiogram Profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods 2011 2nd International Conference on Biotechnology and Food Science IPCBEE vol.7 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Antibiogram Profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods Zuraini Mat Issa

More information

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy

Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Doo Ryeon Chung, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Director, Infection Control Office SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE CASE 1

More information

The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards

The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards Janet A. Hindler, MCLS, MT(ASCP) UCLA Health System Los Angeles, California, USA jhindler@ucla.edu 1 Learning Objectives Describe information

More information

Original Article. Ratri Hortiwakul, M.Sc.*, Pantip Chayakul, M.D.*, Natnicha Ingviya, B.Sc.**

Original Article. Ratri Hortiwakul, M.Sc.*, Pantip Chayakul, M.D.*, Natnicha Ingviya, B.Sc.** Original Article In Vitro Activity of Cefminox and Other β-lactam Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Extended- Spectrum-β-lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli Ratri Hortiwakul,

More information

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns KNH SURGERY Department Masika M.M. Department of Medical Microbiology, UoN Medicines & Therapeutics Committee, KNH Outline Methodology Overall KNH data Surgery department

More information

Quality Control Testing with the Disk Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bauer-Kirby-Sherris-Turck

Quality Control Testing with the Disk Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bauer-Kirby-Sherris-Turck Quality Control Testing with the Disk Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bauer-Kirby-Sherris-Turck DONNA J. BLAZEVIC, M.P.H., MARILYN H. KOEPCKE, B.S., A JOHN M. MATSEN, M.D. Departments of Laboratory Medicine

More information

THE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEAT

THE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEAT THE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEAT Mihaiu Liora 1, Mihaiu Marian 2, Alexandra Lăpuşan 2, Dan Sorin 2, Romolica Mihaiu

More information

Antibiotic Symposium National Institute of Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia

Antibiotic Symposium National Institute of Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia Antibiotic Symposium National Institute of Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia November 3, 2015 Robert Tauxe, MD, MPH Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases National

More information

Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab* and disc methods

Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab* and disc methods J Clin Pathol 1984;37:159-165 Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab* and disc methods JJS SNELL, MVS DANVERS, PS GARDNER From the Division of Microbiological Reagents and

More information

Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacilli at a Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacilli at a Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct 12 Original article Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among Gram-Negative Bacilli at a Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia Ahmad S Abstract:

More information

Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments

Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Isabela Ribeiro, Manica Balasegaram, Christopher Parry October 2017 Enteric infections Enteric infections vary in symptoms and

More information

Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiogram in a tertiary care centre

Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiogram in a tertiary care centre International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 952-956 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase

More information

Chapter 2. Disk diffusion method

Chapter 2. Disk diffusion method Chapter 2. Disk diffusion method Tendencia, Eleonor A. Date published: 2004 To cite this document : Tendencia, E. A. (2004). Chapter 2. Disk diffusion method. In Laboratory manual of standardized methods

More information