STUDIES ON MORTALITY RATE IN PREWEANING KIDS OF MARWARI GOAT

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2 Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2014 ISSN Pal R S and Bamania M K, 2014 Vol. 2, No. 2, June Meghana Publications. All Rights Reserved Research Paper STUDIES ON MORTALITY RATE IN PREWEANING KIDS OF MARWARI GOAT Pal R S 1 * and Bamania M K 2 *Corresponding Author: Pal R S dr.rahulspal@gmail.com The average mortality rate was recorded highest on the age group of 0-30 days (15.00%), but it was noted lowest on the age group of days (8.42%). The mortality rate was revealed higher in female kids (16.80%) than male kids (13.20%), but it did not differ significantly. The highest mortality rate was recorded in summer season (21.00%) than winter season (20.50%) and monsoon season (13.75%), respectively in age group 0-30 days of kids age. The average mortality rate in pooled was recorded highest (19.83%) in summer and lowest (12.10%) in monsoon season. The highest mortality percent were noted (25.00%) from Pneumonia in age group of days and lowest (6.00%) in parasitic disease in 0-30 days of age. The average mortality rate by disease wise in pooled were recorded highest by pneumonia (17.83%) and lowest (7.70%) by parasitic disease. Keywords: Diarrhoea, Marwari goat, Monsoon, Mortality, Season INTRODUCTION Goat husbandry is a very important occupation in rural and weaker section of peoples of India. The economy and returns from goats totally depends upon production and performance of kids. In Jaisalmer, the population of the goats were above 12.0 lacs is highest among the sheep than cattle and buffaloes respectively. Marwari goats are reared by weaker and middle class of people. This breed produce average kg milk per day and 2.0 kids after each and every calving. This breed are reared under semiintensive system the dam and kids are prone to various diseases of microbial, viral, fungal and parasitic origin. Mortality is an economically important threshold character in goats, because of its contribution to the overall flock productivity (Mishra et al., 1984). Kumar et al. (2009) reported that the highest mortality was (52.79%) from Pneumonia followed by pnemoenteritis (18.32%), enteritis (8.91%), parasitic (7.43%) and from other causes (7.89%). Preweaning death of kid is the major problem so this study was planned to asses the mortality pattern in kids. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was investigated during November 2010 to October 2013 (04 year) in different area of Jaisalmer district. In this experiment the kids of Marwari breed of goat are used to asses the mortality pattern rate because this goat breed is main breed of the goats are reared by 1 Livestok Research station, Chandan (Jaisalmer) Rajasthan. 2 V O, Govt. Vet. Hospital Hoddu (Barmer) Rajasthan. 30

3 Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2014 Pal R S and Bamania M K, 2014 people. Kids were divided into three groups, i.e., 0-30, and days. The year were divided into three season, i.e., winter (November-February), summer (March-June) and Monsoon (July-October) The mortality percentage was calculated by the formula given by Mittal (1976). The data was analyzed to recognize the pattern of mortality due to age, sex, season and disease. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The average sex wise mortality of kids was noted highest (15.00%) during 0-30 days of age comparison to any other groups of age. In individual sex the mortality percent in female having (16.80%) were higher than the male kids (13.20%) in age group of 0-30 days, but it did not differ significantly to each other (Table 1). These results are confirm by Gupta and Sengar (1985) and Kumar et al. (2009). The average Sex wise mortality rate in pooled (13.02%) in female was higher than the male (10.93%) but did not differ significantly. These similar results were obtained by Reddy and Choudhuri (2000). The average higher mortality rate were observed In summer season (19.83%) comparison to winter (15.34%) and monsoon season (12.10%) respectively during 0-90 days of age. During summer season average mortality was (21.00%) was recorded highest during 0-30 days of age and lowest was recorded (7.45%) during days of age in monsoon season (Table 2). These mortality rate did not differ significantly to each others. The same type of results confirmed by Kumar et al. (2009). The highest mortality during summer season might be due excess heat stress, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (Radostits et al., 2000) and scarcity of grazing pasture leading to reduced body vitality. The same season influencing factor has also been reported by Vihan et al. (1981) and Faiz et al. (1981), Chawla et al. (1982) and Ghosh et al. (1998) have reported highest mortality, in season, other than summer. In this area major five important diseases, viz., Pneumonia, enteritis, Diarrhoea, parasitic and other infestation were found responsible for precipitating the cause of mortality. The highest mortality was noted due to pneumonia (25.00%) in age group of days followed by diarrhoea (21.40%) in 0-30 days age, other diseases (16.10%) and from enteritis (11.50%) than parasitic (9.60%) respectively (Table 3). The same type of results were obtained by Kumar et al. (2009), Ghosh and Patutunda (1988), Ghosh et al. (1988) and Reddy and Choudhuri (2000). On the contrary Kapur et al. (1974) and Shrivastava et al. (1985) reported enteritis as a major cause of kid mortality. Exposer to cold stress in night and under nutrition might accelerate the genesis of pneumonia in kids. Also, deficiency of passive immunity, ingestion of contaminated feed and water may lead to flaring of enteropathogenic bacteria resulting in pneumonia. Death due to pneumonia in organized sector was higher due to over-crowding in confined space (Pandurangarao et al., 1970.) The parasitic infestation in kids has been established as a one of the major cause of kid mortality (8.91%). Ail et al. (1975), Otesile (1994) and Ghosh et al. (1988) have also reported Table 1: Sex wise mortality percent Age (Days) Male Female Average Average (pooled)

4 Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2014 Pal R S and Bamania M K, 2014 Table 2: Season Wise Mortality Percent Age (Days) Winter Summer Monsoon Average (pooled) Tabl 3: Disease Wise Mortality Percent Age(Days) Pneumonia Enteritis Diarrhoea Parasitic Others Average (pooled) that parasitic infestation play a very important role in kid mortality. REFERENCES 1. Ail S Z, Haque M M and Hasnath M A (1975), Relationship between Black Bengal kid mortality and birth weight, age and season university goat farm, Indian Vet. J., Vol. 52, pp Chawala D S, Bhatnager D S and Mishra R R (1982), Factors affecting kid mortality in dairy goats, Indian J. Anim. Sci., Vol. 52, pp Ghosh S S and Patutunda B (1998), Goat health problems in West Bengal-an appraisal, Indian Vet. J., Vol. 75, pp Gupta U D and Senger O P S (1985), Kid mortality as affected by birth weight, type, season and kid age in India goats under intensive management, Asian J. Dairy Res., Vol. 4, pp Kapur M P, Salana J R, Kalra D S and Chauhan H V S (1974), Some observation on the Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, H.A.U.J. Res., Vol. 4, pp Kumar A, Haque S and P Shekhar (2009), Preweaning kids mortality in an organized farm, Intas Polivet, Vol. 10(II), pp Mishra R K Singh D and Rawat P S (1984), Factors affecting kid mortality in semi arid regions of India, Indian Vet. Med. J., Vol. 8, pp Mittal J P (1976), A study on mortality in kids, Indian Vet. J., Vol. 53, pp Reddy M P and Choudhuri P C (2000), Epidemiological studies on lamb mortality in certain sheep farms in Andhra Pradesh, Indian Vet. J., Vol. 77, pp Rodostits O M, Blood D C, Gay C C and Hinchcliff K W (2000), Veterinary Medicine, IX Edn., W B Saunders Company Ltd., London. 11. Vihan V S, Saini A L and Khan B U (1986), Factor affecting mortality among kids of Jamunapari goats in semi arid condition, Indian J. Vet. Med., Vol. 6, pp

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