Medical Section, TIFR

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2 Overview It is nicknamed as Break-bone fever About 390 million dengue infections occur every year world- wide Dengue fever is caused by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes It gets under your skin and into your blood Dengue is caused by flaviviruses (Data Source- WHO)

3 What is Dengue? Dengue is a viral disease. It is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Man develops disease after 5-6 days of mosquito bite. It occurs in two forms: Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever(DHF). DHF is a more severe form of disease, which may cause death.

4 Inter play of three factors Agent- Virus INTERACTION Host- Human Environment-Mosquito

5 Watch out! This Mosquito It is also known as Tiger Mosquito. Day biting normally catches us unaware. Loves / lives in fresh water in homes. Lays eggs preferentially in jars, discarded containers, coconut shells, old tires etc. They remain viable for prolonged duration. It is a urban mosquito having year round breeding. Tropical regions like India are its favorite zones.

6 Environment- Top breeding places Domestic Containers/ Flower pots Toilet Bowls/ Cistern Gully Trap Roof gutters Roadside Drains Plant Axil Air conditioner tray Air Cooler Tanks Canvas Sheets covered to save things from rain Discarded Waste material like Tyres, broken things etc. 6

7 Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito 1-2 days Pupae Larvae Eggs 4-5 days 2-3 days Stagnant water

8 How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases...

9 What do we experience? 2 7 days after the mosquito had its meal on us we may develop:- Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache Back pain with severe muscle and joint pains Pain behind the eyes and on moving the eyes Nick name - Break bone feverpains so severe Measles-like rash over chest and upper limbs This is the ordinary classical Non dangerous form!

10 Signs & Symptoms- DHF& Shock Syndrome Symptoms similar to dengue fever Severe continuous stomach pains Skin becomes pale, cold or clammy Bleeding from nose, mouth & gums, eyes & skin rashes Frequent vomiting with or without blood Sleepiness, Restlessness Patient feels thirsty Dryness of mouth Rapid Weak Pulse Difficulty in breathing

11 Treatment of Dengue Prevention is better than cure. No drug or vaccine is available at present. The control of Aedes aegypti mosquito is the only method of choice. With early detection and proper case management and symptomatic treatment, mortality can be reduced substantially.

12 Prevent Aedes from Breeding! Remove ALL sources of stagnant water. Deny the Aedes mosquito of any chance to breed This is what you can do to help

13 do not litter, keep place clean

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15 Check for Aedes mosquito breading sites Protect your loved ones from Dengue fever Every other day - Change water in flower vases. - Remove water from flowerpot plates. - Remove water from AC tray. - Redirect water from AC to bathroom. When not in use - Turn over all pails and water storage containers. - Cover all water storage containers. Once a week - Clean fallen leaves in drains & garden. - Remove stagnant water from trees & drains. Once a month - Clear blockages and put insecticide in roof gutters. - Add sand granular insecticide to water. If you are vacating your house or away on holiday... - Cover all toilet bowls. - Seal off all gully and floor traps. - Cover all water storage containers.

16 Spread the Dengue Prevention message to others Let your family, friends and neighbours know about the Dangers of breeding Mozzies!!