SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS USED TECHNICAL TERMS. longitudinal suture transverse suture

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1 previous page 173 TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS USED TECHNICAL TERMS antennal flagellum rostrum carapace longitudinal suture transverse suture 1 to 6 abdominal segments flagella antennula antennal scale antenna dorsolateral groove dorsal keel third maxilliped telson petasma pleopods (abdominal legs) uropod pereiopods (thoracic or walking legs) dactyl rostrai teeth, epigastric tooth prododus carpus enodopod postorbital spine antennal crest. orbito-antennal groove branchiostegal spine cervical groove hepatic spine hepatic crest branchiocardiac groove basis coxa epipod podobranch ischium merus endopod exopod anthrobranch carapace, lateral view pleurobranch pereiopod with branchiae spines fixed spines movable types of spined telsons

2 174 2nd segment Sub-order CARIDEA Pleuron of second abdominal segment overlapping those of first and third segments. First 2 pairs of thoracic legs, or only the second, ending in a pincer; the last 3 pairs with a simple claw. Eggs carried by the female. abdomen CRANGONIDAE Pontocaris lacazei (Gourret, 1887) FAO names : En - Hardshell shrimp; Fr - Crevette-crâne ; Sp - Camarón blindado. Size : 5.5 cm. Fishing gear : bottom trawls (as bycatch). Habitat : from 50 to 680 m depth, common between 200 and 400 m. antennal scales characteristic false pincers (incomplete) rostrum flattened, ending in 2 small submedian teeth 5 longitudinal rows of teeth median ridges present on segments 2 to 4 body depressed HIPPOLYTIDAE Exhippolysmata hastatoides (Balss, 1914) Synonyms : Hippolysmata hastatoides [Holthuis, 1947]. FAO names : En - Companion shrimp; Fr - Bouc compagnon; Sp - Camarón compañero. Size : about 7 cm. Fishing gear : beach seines. Habitat : coastal marine waters and estuaries, to about 15 m depth, on sandy and muddy bottoms. 7 or 8 ventral teeth teeth 1st thoracic leg very robust, with pincers 2nd thoracic leg with a multiarticulated carpus colour whitish

3 175 NEMATOCARCINIDAE Nematocarcinus africanus Crosnier & Forest, 1973 Synonyms : Nematocarcinus cursor non A. Milne Edwards, 1881 [Holthuis, 1951]. FAO names : En - African spider shrimp; Fr - Crevette-araignée d'afrique; Sp - Camarón araña africano. Size : 10.4 cm. Habitat : muddy bottoms of the continental shelf. carpus unsegmented colour reddish-pink spine pincer pincer thoracic legs very long PALAEMONIDAE Nematopalaemon hastatus (Aurivillius, 1898) Synonyms : Palaemon (Nematopalaemon) hastatus (Aurivillius, 1898). FAO names : En - Estuarine prawn; Fr - Bouquet étier; Sp - Camarón estuarino. Size : 7.5 cm. Fishing gear : seines, bottom trawls. Habitat : sandy and muddy bottoms in estuaries and coastal marine waters, to 50 m depth ventral teeth isolated tooth large pincer small pincer basal ridge of rostrum with 7-11 teeth colour whitish

4 176 Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne Edwards, 1881 PANDALIDAE Synonyms : Heterocarpus carinatus (Smith, 1882). FAO names : En - Armed nylon shrimp; Fr - Crevette nylon armée; Sp - Camarón nailón armado. Size : 14.2 cm. Habitat : on soft bottoms of the continental shelf; to 3000 m depth ventral teeth carpus pluriarticulate dorsal teeth 7 longitudinal ridges, 3 at each side, and one on midline of back colour nacreous pink with red spots Parapandalus narval (Fabricius, 1787) more than 40 close-set teeth on ventral margin of rostrum Synonyms : Parapandalus pristis (Risso, 1816). FAO names : En - Narval shrimp; Fr - Crevette narval; Sp - Camarón narval. Size : 14.5 cm Fishing gear : bottom trawls, pots. Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, often near rocky areas, from 10 to 900 m depth, more common between 200 and 400 m. transparent whitish, with bright red and yellow stripes carpus pluriarticulate all thoracic legs lacking epipodite anterior margin of rostrum smooth 5-10 teeth restricted to basal part of rostrum Plesionika martia (A. Milne Edwards, 1883) FAO names : En - Golden shrimp; Fr - Crevette dorée; Sp - Camarón de oro. Size : 16.9 cm. Fishing gear : bottom and pelagic trawls. Habitat : muddy bottoms, common from 300 to 700 m depth ventral teeth carpus pluriarticulate colour reddish pink; eggs bright blue

5 177 PASIPHAEIDAE rostrum short Glyphus marsupialis Filhol, 1884 FAO names: En - Kangaroo shrimp; Fr - Camarón canguro; Sp - Sivade kangourou. Size : 16.7 cm. Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, from 500 to m depth. first 2 pairs of thoracic legs large and strong exopodits usually present fingers long colour uniform bright red 2nd segment Sub-order PENAEOIDEA Pleuron of second abdominal segment overlapping that of third segment only; pincer of 3 first pairs of thoracic legs equal or subequal. Eggs shed directly into the water. Never many spines on body. pleuron of 1st segment overlapping that of second abdomen ARISTEIDAE carapace weakly keeled postorbital spine absent Aristeus varidens Holtuis, 1952 FAO names : En - Striped red shrimp; Fr - Gambon rayé; Sp - Gamba Iistada. Size : 20 cm (females), 12 cm (males). Habitat : on muddy bottoms, from 300 to 600 m depth. female carapus slightly shorter than, or as long as merus colour nacreous white with blue-violet spots

6 178 Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus (Johnson, 1867) postorbital spine absent cervical groove ARISTEIDAE carapace strongly keeled FAO names : En - Scarlet shrimp; Fr - Gam bon écarlat; Sp - Gamba carabi nero. Size : 33 cm (females), 19 cm (males). Habitat : on muddy bottoms, from 400 to 900 m depth. exopodite of 2nd maxilliped feathery carpus longer colour bright red rostrum long, usually with 10 teeth on dorsal margin end of longitudinal suture PENAEIDAE Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914 FAO names : En - Guinea shrimp; Fr - Crevette guinéenne; Sp - Camarón guineo. Size : 17 cm (males), 12 cm (females). Fishing gear : bottom trawls, beach seines. Habitat : estuaries, lagoons and coastal marine waters between 10 and 40 m depth. exopodites present on bases of all thoracic legs colour pink-orange, rostrum orange 4th leg shorter than 5th 4 pairs of mobile spines on telson rostrum short, 8 teeth on dorsal margin end of longitudinal suture Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846) FAO names : En - Deepwater rose shrimp; Fr - Crevette rose du large; Sp - Gamba de altura. Size : 19 cm. Habitat : sandy and muddy bottoms from 150 to 600 m depth. no exopodites on bases of thoracic legs colour pink-orange, rostrum red no mobile spine; 2 fixed spines on telson

7 179 Penaeus (Melicertus) kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775) a single tooth on ventral margin of rostrum PENAEIDAE Synonyms : Penaeus trisulcatus (Leach, 1814); Penaeus caramote Risso, FAO names : En - Caramote prawn; Fr - Caramote; Sp - Langostino. Size : 23.5 cm (males), 18 cm (females). Habitat : coastal waters, on sandy and muddy bottoms. colour variable, with cross bars on abdomen no dorso lateral grooves Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) notialis Pérez-Farfante, 1967 Synonyms : Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817; also misidentified as P. (Melicertus) duoarum Burkenroad, FAO names : En - Pink shrimp (southern); Fr - Crevette rose (du sud); Sp - Camarón rosado (sureño). Size : 23 cm (males), 17 cm (females). Fishing gear : in lagoons with artisanal gear: pots, stow-nets, conical nets, "azui" trawls, beach seines; at sea with bottom trawls (double rig). Habitat : coastal marine waters, estuaries and lagoons. Lives on muddy bottoms by day and migrates upwards at night. 2 teeth on ventral margin of rostrum colour uniform lemon yellow, pink or brownish red a dorso-lateral groove at each side of middorsal keel SICYONIDAE Sicyonia carinata (Brünnnich, 1768) rostrum straight Synonyms : Sicyonia sculpta H.Milne Edwards, FAO names : En - Mediterranean rock shrimp; Fr - Boucot de Mediterranee; Sp - Camarón de piedra. Size : 8 cm, common between 3 and 6 cm. Fishing gear : bottom trawls, dredges. Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms from 3 to 35 m depth. body stout, rigid segment 4 rounded, without spines colour dark olive-green to bronze-green with brown spots

8 180 SICYONIDAE Sicyonia galeata Holthuis, 1952 FAO names : En - Tufted rock shrimp; Fr - Sicyonie huppée; Sp - Camarón penachudo. Size : 6.2 cm. Fishing gear : bottom trawls (as bycatch). Habitat : on muddy or sandy bottoms from 15 to 70 m depth. rostrum bent upwards, 6 dorsal teeth, of which 3 are located on the carapace behind orbit (the last two strongest) body stout, rigid integument calcified grooves sharp spines on segments 4 and 5 tubercles colour greyish brown SOLENOCERIDAE Solenocera africana Stebbing, 1917 the 4 antennular flagella joined, forming a tube Synonyms : often misidentified or synonymized with S. membranacea (Risso, 1816). FAO names : En - African mud shrimp; Fr - Solénocère d'afrique; Sp - Gamba de fango. Size : 14 cm. Habitat : on sandy and muddy bottoms, more abundant from 50 to 100 m depth (immature) but may descend beyond 300 m depth, cross section antennule antenna orbital spine present cervical groove long postorbital spine present colour orange to light pink next page