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6 SUSTAINABLE TRADE: EXPLORING RELIABLE TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING TRADE OF PYTHON SKINS A. Participatory and Inclusive B. Transparent, Credible and Practical C. Acknowledge A review of the trade in Southeast Asian Python Skins (Kasterine, Arbeid, Caillabet & Natusch) Improving International Systems for Trade in Reptile Skins based on Sustainable Use (Webb, Manolis & Jenkins) GOAL: CITES LISTED SPECIES IN TRADE ARE LEGALLY ACQUIRED AND NOT DETRIMENTAL TO THE SURVIVAL OF A SPECIES.

7 Snake skin fashion in Europe putting pythons at risk New Delhi, Feb 24, 2013 (PTI) The famed pythons of southeast Asia are vanishing fast in view of the growing demand for their skin in the thriving fashion industry of Europe. According to a study, population of these large bodied, non-venomous and strikingly coloured pythons is dwindling fast due to its trafficking for the European fashion industry."south-east Asian pythons are heavily exploited for skins, food and traditional Chinese medicines, with nearly half a million python skins alone exported annually...around 96 per cent of the value of the trade is captured by the European fashion industry," says a technical paper prepared by International Trade Centre and TRAFFIC. The paper titled "Trade in Southeast Asian Python Skins", says that illegal trade in python skins is occurring due to poor regulation or a lack of transparency throughout the trade chain."demand in high-end markets (i.e. the EU) is for raw skins as European tanners can process to specific high quality requirements of the European fashion industry," it says. According to the study, there is strong financial incentive for illegal trade in python skins. Hunters capture around 0.5 per cent of the final value of a high-end python skin handbag."the skin is sold by the collector to slaughterhouses for USD 10 per metre. Prices for finished leather handbags can reach USD 10,000, a product based on one 3 metre skin. The demand is highest for skins measuring 3 to 4 metres," says the paper. The study recommends the fashion industry to encourage establishing "a traceability system complementing the existing CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) permitting system to allow identification of skins along the length of the supply chain and assure the skins legal provenance and sustainable sourcing." Nearly half a million python skins are reportedly exported from South-East Asia annually. Indonesia and Malaysia are the main source of pythons for the skin trade, most of which come from the wild.the European Union currently has a ban in place on skins sourced from Malaysia. The Swiss Parliament voted in early 2012 to ban imports of python skins from Indonesia on the grounds of perceived cruelty during slaughter.

8 OBJECTIVES OF THE SCOPING STUDY A. Improve Traceability Tagging or marking options (matrix ranking of type, design & cost) Institutional frameworks and compliance standards Indonesian sticker (crust) & export inspection seal

9 CITES Export Inspection Indonesia ID Sticker

10 Each alligator harvested must have a CITES tag

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14 B) Compliment CITES Permitting Systems Shipment declarations and inspections Permit clearinghouse reviews Shipping tags Common Carrier engagement

15 C) Improve Conservation and Sustainable Use Framework Protected areas and management units Provincial quotas and harvest limitations IUCN Boa & Python Specialists Group Yellow Anaconda Model

16 D) Enhance Compliance and Designated ports Enforcement Specialized Training and ID manual Regional enforcement coordination (ASEANWEN)

17 E) Improve Capacity Building Research and management (study priorities & BMP s) Enforcement and compliance (interdict illegal trade & validate legal trade) Annual reports and trade monitoring (IACTS/WCMC model)

18 F) Encourage Stakeholder Engagement Supply chain participants (Harvesters, landowners, breeders, etc.) Traders and tanners Manufacturers and Luxury Brands

19 G) Recommend Equitable Cost and Benefit Sharing Supply side (illegal trade impacts & processing costs) Value-added (crust tanning) Dedicated funding

20 H) Determine applicability to others reptiles in trade Snakes Lizards Turtles By-products (meat, gallbladders, etc.) Timeline: March to August, 2013

21 KEY ISSUES A. Similarities and Differences with Crocodilian Trade Models Volume and value Traceability potential Tannery bottleneck World trade incrementally restored Independently monitored (IACTS/WCMC) Direct engagement with IUCN CSG Tannery bottleneck (4x larger) Female size larger than male Nesting and population monitoring challenges Dedicated funding (Louisiana alligator example) B. Practicality of tagging, institutional frameworks and compliance initiatives C. Retagging and marking options (two tier systems)

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24 CITES Export Inspection Indonesia ID Sticker

25 KEY ISSUES (continued) D. Socio-economic considerations including cost, implementation and oversight requirements E. Rural communities and livelihood benefits F. Inventories and stockpiling G. Captive breeding implications and production systems assessments H. Illegal trade, national & regional enforcement initiatives, violations consequences and judicial outreach I. Trade monitoring and analysis J. Animal Welfare and Humane Killing Guidelines K. Dedicated funding and Matching Fund Startup

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28 WORLD TRADE IN CROCODILIAN SKINS Prepared as part of the International Alligator and Crocodile Trade Study by John Caldwell United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre July 2010

29 Table 2. Reported global exports of crocodilian skins from the main taxa, Species Alligator mississippiensis Crocodylus acutus Crocodylus johnsoni Crocodylus moreletii Crocodylus niloticus Crocodylus novaeguineae Crocodylus porosus Crocodylus siamensis 343, , , , , , , , , , ,371 1, ,430 1, , , , , , , , , , ,840 30,634 30,749 27,308 39,796 32,002 38,645 28,663 27,543 26,095 25,055 28,223 24,278 26,564 30,728 37,441 34,152 45,215 53,918 47,575 53,470 4,422 3,580 10,982 20,930 31,517 47,972 54,331 63,471 34,373 33,094 Subtotal of classic skins Caiman crocodilus crocodilus Caiman crocodilus fuscus Caiman latirostris 559, , , , , , , , , ,390 *25,510 22,709 34,636 70,722 65,078 69,574 44,894 36,989 43,638 24, , , , , , , , , , , ,752 1,669 1, ,933 Caiman yacare 32,128 78,811 60,288 41,882 53,241 52,998 65,452 61,297 47,208 24,546 Subtotal of caiman skins 767, , , , ,924 1,097, , , , ,243 Grand total 1,327,521 1,112,327 1,224,116 1,335,646 1,303,375 1,805,756 1,334,241 1,178,899 1,056,251 1,345,633

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31 APPROACHES A. Sustainable Trade Roundtable input B. Follow up surveys and request for comment C. Stakeholder Workshops (Regional) D. Industry Engagement (IWG-Reptiles, Trade Associations, Tanners, etc.) E. Enforcement Strategy (National & Regional) F. Conservation Forum (IUCN B&P Specialists Group) G. Animals and Standing Committee Recommendation H. CoP17, 2016

32 Ways Forward A. Legal acquisition and verification B. Interdict illegal trade (Specialized Enforcement and Wildlife Alert System) C. Harvest and export quotas Indonesia Malaysia Others D. Inventories and stockpiles Tannery bottleneck EU, Singapore & US Luxury brand initiatives

33 Ways Forward (continued) E. Interim tagging, retagging and shipment declarations Specialized officers ID manuals & forensic tools Illegal trade consequences Legal trade documentation Licensing, reporting & inspections F. Trade monitoring and analysis (GRTS) IACTS/WCMC template CITES Snake Trade Working Group IUCN Boa & Python Specialists Group Adaptive management (origin, size, sex, etc.)

34 Ways Forward (continued) G. Regional and/or Industry sourcing guidelines and certification Live trade collaboration High value species assessments H. Funding options Matching grants Dedicated funding sources

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38 Conclusion Crocodilian models Conservation Education (Marsh to Market Story) Consensus Commitment

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40 Products from snakes

41 SUSTAINABLE TRADE WITH BENEFITS TO: COMMERCE CONSERVATION COMMUNITIES