Four New Species of the Genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: Prostomidae) from the Oriental Region

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1 Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23 (1): June 15, Four New Species of the Genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: Prostomidae) from the Oriental Region Tetsunari ITO and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3 5 7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan Abstract Four new Oriental species of the genus Prostomis, P. taiwanensis sp. nov. from Taiwan, P. magna sp. nov. and P. parva sp. nov. from Laos, and P. tetragona sp. nov. from Indonesia, are described. Introduction Up to the present, thirteen species of the genus Prostomis (Tenebrionoidea, Prostomidae) have been recorded from the Oriental Region (Schawaller, 2003; Seago & Beutel, 2010; Ito & Yoshitomi, 2016). However, taxonomic study on the Oriental Prostomis is considered to be insuficient, because there are no records of this genus from some countries such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and the Philippines and many islands of Indonesia. Thus, we studied the Oriental specimens of Prostomis and found four new species from Taiwan, Laos and Sulawesi as described below. As a result, sixteen species of the genus Prostomis are recorded from the Oriental Region in total. Material and Methods The methods of the observations and dissections were same as in Ito & Yoshitomi (2016). The materials examined in this paper are preserved in Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama (EUMJ), National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS), Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (MZBI), Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan (TARI), and Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan (TUA). Terminology mainly follows Schawaller (1993), and Seago & Beutel (2010). Morphological abbreviations used in this paper are as follows: BL: total body length (HL+PL+EL); EL: length of elytra in suture from anterior margin of scutellum to elytral apex; EW: maximum width of elytra; HL: head length from front margin of pronotum to front median margin of clypeus; HW: maximum width of head across eyes; JLL: length of left jugular process from behind of mentum to apex; JRL: length of right jugular process from behind of mentum to apex; MLL: length of left mandible from front median margin of clypeus to apex; MRL: length of right mandible from front median margin of clypeus to apex; PL: length of pronotum in median line; PW: maximum width of pronotum. The average is given in parenthesis after the range. Taxonomy Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1A, 2A, 2E, 3A C, 4A B) Prostomis latoris: Schawaller, 1992: 258; Hirano, 1994: 13. Fig. 1. Dorsal habitat of Prostomis spp. A, P. taiwanensis sp. nov.; B, P. magna sp. nov.; C, P. parva sp. nov.; D, P tetragona sp. nov. Scale bars = 1.0 mm. C Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology

2 114 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi Fig. 2. Jugular processes (A D) and mandibles (E H) of Prostomis spp. A, E, P. taiwanensis sp. nov.; B, F, P. magna sp. nov.; C, G, P. parva sp. nov.; D, H, P. tetragona sp. nov. (H). Scale bars = 1.0 mm. Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Taiwan: Nantou, Ren'a Township, Hezuo Village, Tatta, 30. IV. 2014, R. Okano leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, NMNS, TARI): 1 ex., Taipingshan, 1. IV. 2004, C. F. Lee leg.; 5 exs., Taichung, Anmashan, 200F, Rd, 4. V. 1990, C. C. Chiang leg.; 10 exs., Taichung, Anmashan, 19. I. 2005, H. Y. Lee leg.; 10 exs., Nantou, Ren'a Township, Hezuo Village, Tatta, 30. IV. 2014, R. Okano leg.; 1 ex., Hanlien, Nanbutashan, 28. VII. 2007, H. Y. Li leg.; 1 ex., Mt. Alishan, alt. 2,200 m, 22. V. 1981, K. Sasagawa leg.; 13 exs., Pingtung, Tahanshan, 17. X. 2014, Y. T. Chung leg.; 1 ex., Sungkang, 6. VIII. 1969, Y. Maeda leg.; 2 exs., Shyk Shan, Near, Liu, Kui, 28. VI. 1986, Col. K. Baba leg. Larval specimens examined. 4 exs. (EUMJ), same data as for the holotype. Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1A) large in the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine punctures; BL (7.06) mm. Coloration of body rubiginous. Head short; HL/HW (0.59); HW/PW (1.06); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes large in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th segment; 3th segment slender than other segments; 9th to 11th segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2E) nearly symmetrical, swelling a little at lateral margin; MLL/MRL (1.10). Jugular processes (Fig. 2A) stout and asymmetrical; right process transverse at tips; left process having small acute tips and a small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL (1.12). Pronotum subsquare, gently arcuate at lateral and apical margins, with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW (0.92). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW (2.52). Aedeagus (Fig. 3A C) oblong; parameres slender and long, gently tapered apically, with two pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/5, with a long apical seta; median lobe stout, gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as parameres. Measurements. Male and female (n = 10). MLL (1.10) mm, MRL (1.00) mm, HL (1.02) mm, HW (1.74) mm, PL (1.52) mm, PW (1.64) mm, EL (4.53) mm, EW (1.80) mm, JLL (0.85) mm, JRL (0.76) mm. Larvae (Fig. 4A B). Body length about 9.5 mm; distinctly flat; urogomphi short, projecting postero-dorsally, with minute projection between urogomphi. Biological notes. The type specimens collected by RO were found from a rotten wood of broad-leaf tree in a natural forest (Okano, personal communication). Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis latoris Reitter, 1889 known from Japan in the shape of mandibles, but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) right jugular process transverse at apex (having two small acute projections at apex in P. latoris); 2) parameres longer (shorter in P. latoris); 3) body size smaller. The larva of this species is closely similar to Prostomis latoris, but differs from it by the presence of minute projection between urogomphi (Hayashi, 1969). Prostomis magna sp. nov. (Figs. 1B, 2B, 2F, 3D F) Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Laos: Phou Samsoum Xieng Khouang Prov., 27. V. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg. Paratypes (EUMJ): 2 exs., Mt. Phu-Pan Houa Phan Prov., VI. 2003, N. Ohbayashi leg. Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1B) large in the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine punctures; BL 8.02 mm. Coloration of body blackish brown.

3 Four new Oriental Prostomis 115 Fig. 3. Aedeagi of Prostomis spp. Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. (A C), P. magna sp. nov. (D F), P. parva sp. nov. (G I), P. tetragona sp. nov. (J L). A, D, G, J, Dorsal side; B, E, H, K, ventral side; C, F, I, L, lateral side. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Head short; clypeus projecting anteriorly; HL/HW 0.60; HW/PW Eyes large in size, strong prominent. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th segment; 3th segment slender than other segments; 9th to 11th segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2F) nearly symmetrical, expanded in lateral margin; MLL/MRL Jugular processes (Fig. 2B) slender, long, asymmetrical; right process gradually tapering apically, pointed at apex; left process having long sharp tip with small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL Pronotum subsquare, arcuate at lateral margins, with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW Aedeagus (Fig. 3D F) oblong; parameres stout and long, attached each other in basal part, gently tapered apically in apical 1/4, with two pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/7, with a long apical seta; median lobe short, gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as parameres, arcuate at basal margin, widest at basal 1/2. Measurements (n = 1). MLL 1.92 mm; MRL 1.20 mm; JLL 1.14 mm; JRL 0.92 mm; HL 1.32 mm; HW 2.21 mm; PL 1.21 mm; PW 2.01 mm; EL 5.49 mm; EW 2.28 mm. Biological notes. The holotype was collected with some adults of Istrisia sp. (Salpingidae) from a rotten wood (ca. 60 cm in diameter) of conifer in a natural forest. Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis edithae Schawaller, 1991 originally known from the Himalayas (Nepal and Darjeeling) in the shapes of mandibles (Schawaller, 1991), but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) right jugular process lacking small acute projection at lateral margin (having a small acute projection at lateral margin in P. edithae);

4 116 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi Fig. 4. Larvae of Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. (E, F), P. parva sp. nov. (G, H). Scale bars = 1.0 mm. 2) aedeagus slender (stout in P. edithae); 3) parameres long, attached each other in basal part (short, well separate in basal part in P. edithae). Schawaller (2003) recorded Prostomis edithae from the Indochinese subregion (China (Yunnan and Sichuan), Vietnam), but he didn t examine male genitalia. Revision of the Indochinese specimens will be required in checking male genitalia. Prostomis parva sp. nov. (Figs. 1C, 2C, 2G, 3G I, 4C D, 5A B) Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Laos: Phou Samsoum Xieng Khouang Prov., 27. V. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, TUA): 42 exs., same data as for the holotype; 2 exs., same locality as above, 9. V. 2010, H. Kojima leg. Larval specimens examined. 36 exs. (EUMJ), same data as for the holotype. Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1C) moderate size in the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine punctures; BL (6.19) mm. Coloration of body rubiginous. Head short; HL/HW (0.68); HW/PW (1.04); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes moderate in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th segment; 3th segment slender than other segments; 9th to 11th segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2G) slightly symmetrical and slender, lacking punctures in ventral side; right mandible straight near base to apical 2/3 at lateral margin, having small step at corner; left mandible straight at lateral margin, having small projection at anterior margin; MLL/MRL (1.11). Jugular processes (Fig. 2C) stout and asymmetrical; right process having two small acute projection at tips; left process having small acute tips and a small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL (1.12). Pronotum subsquare, subparallel-sided, with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW (0.93). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided; near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW (2.52). Aedeagus (Fig. 3G I) oblong; parameres slender and long, swelling at apical 1/4, with two pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/7, with a long apical seta; median lobe stout, gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as parameres, arcuate at basal margin. Measurements. Male and female (n = 20). MLL (0.98) mm; MRL (0.89) mm; JLL (0.76) mm; JRL (0.68) mm; HL (1.03) mm; HW (1.52) mm; PL (1.36) mm; PW (1.46) mm; EL (3.80) mm; EW (1.50) mm. Larvae (Fig. 4C D). Body length about 10.0 mm; distinctly flat; urogomphi relatively long, nipple-like, projecting postero-dorsally. Biological notes. The type specimens collected by HY were found from a rotten wood (ca. 20 cm in diameter) of broad-leaf tree in a natural forest (Fig. 5 A B). Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis mordax Reitter, 1887 in the shapes of mandibles, but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) jugular processes asymmetrical, having two small projection at tips; 2) basal

5 Four new Oriental Prostomis 117 Fig. 5. Adults (A, C) and its habitat (B, D) of Prostomis parva sp. nov. (A, B) and Prostomis tetragona sp. nov. (C, D). piece oval; 3) apical setae at the apices of parameres long. In Laos, two species (P. magna sp. nov. and P. parva sp. nov.) are distributed in sympatrically. One species (P. magna sp. nov.) was collected from a rotten wood of conifer, and another (P. parva sp. nov.) was from broad-leaf tree. All the species of the genus Prostomis is associated with brown rot (Seago & Beutel, 2010; Fukasawa, 2013), but association of plant species is unknown. More information about plant species is needed. Prostomis tetragona sp. nov. (Figs. 1D, 2D, 2H, 3J L, 5C D) Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Indonesia: GOWA, Mt. (Gunung) Lompobatang, Sulawesi, Selaten, 17. I. 2013, K. Takasuka leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, MZBI): 3 exs., same data as for the holotype. Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1D) large size in the genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine punctures; BL (9.04) mm. Coloration of body dark brown. Head short; HL/HW (0.68); HW/PW (1.05); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes moderate in size. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th segment; 3th segment slender than other segment; 9th to 11th segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2H) nearly asymmetrical and slender, having parallelogram-shaped projection at base to apical 1/3 of lateral margin; MLL/MRL (1.01). Jugular process (Fig. 2D) nearly symmetrical, slender, long, pointing toward the right above, gradually tapering apically, pointed at apex; JLL/JRL (1.08). Pronotum subsquare, swelling at lateral margin, with shallow longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW (0.94). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW (2.56). Aedeagus (Fig. 3J L) oblong; parameres slender, gently tapered apically, with two pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/4, with a long apical seta; median lobe slender, gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, shorter parameres, arcuate at basal margin. Measurements. Male and female (n = 4). MLL (1.15) mm; MRL (1.15) mm; JLL (1.01)

6 118 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi mm; JRL (0.93) mm; HL (1.46) mm; HW (2.15) mm; PL (1.93) mm; PW (2.04) mm; EL (5.66) mm; EW (2.21) mm. Biological notes. The type series were collected with Aesalus sp. (Lucanidae) from a rotten stump of broad-leaf tree (Fig. 5C D) (Takasuka, personal communication). Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis weigeli Schawaller, 2003 and P. lawrencei Schawaller, 1993 known from Papua New Guinea in the shapes of mandibles, jugular processes and aedeagus (Schawaller, 2003), but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) having parallelogramshaped projection at base to apical 1/3 lateral margin (knobshaped projection in P. weigeli); 2) inner side of jugular process liner (having small dilatation in P. lawrencei); 3) aedeagus more slender P. weigeli; 4) parameres weakly curved interiorly in apical 1/5 (gently curved interiorly from base in P. lawrencei). Acknowledgments We wish to express our deep gratitude to Dr. Chi-Feng Lee (TARI), Dr. Ming-Luen Jeng (NMNS), Dr. Keizo Takasuka (Keio University), Mr. Ryosuke Okano (IDEA Consultants, Inc.), and Dr. Hiroaki Kojima (TUA) for giving us the chance to examine the precious materials. This study is supported in part by KAKENHI ( ; principal investigator: S. Okajima). References Fukasawa, Y., The influences of wood decay fungi and their decay types on communities of diverse organisms developed on coarse woody debris. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 63: (In Japanese.) Ito, T. & H. Yoshitomi, A new species of the genus Prostomis (Coleoptera, Prostomidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Elytra, n.s., 6: Hayashi, N., On the larvae of some species of small families of Cucujoidea in Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta matsumurana, supplement, 7: 1 9, 5 pls. Schawaller, W., Prostomidae (Coleoptera) aus dem Himalaya mit einem Beitrag zur Larvalmorphologie. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 461: Schawaller, W., The genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: Prostomidae) in Australia and adjacent region. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 489: Schawaller, W., New species and records of Prostomis Latreille, including the first fossil records from Baltic amber and a checklist of the species (Coleoptera: Prostomidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 650: Schunger, I., R. G. Beutel & R. Britz, Morphology of immature stages of Prostomis mandibularis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae). European Journal of Entomology, 100: Seago A., & R. G. Beutel, Prostomidae G. G. Thomson, In Kristensen N. P., & R. G. Beutel (eds.), Handbook of Zoology, Vol IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 38, Coleoptera Beetles, Vol. 2, Morphology and Systematic. Pp Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. [Received: May 11, 2017; accepted: May 24, 2017]