(D) fertilization of eggs immediately after egg laying

Transcription

1 Name: ACROSS DOWN

2 24. The amniote egg (A) requires a moist environment for egg laying (B) lacks protective structures for the embryo (C) has membranes enclosing the developing embryo (D) evolved from the shell of ancient turtles 25.Which statement about reptiles is not true? (A) all present day reptiles are ectothermic (C) all reptiles have scales or plates to protect them (B) all reptiles have well developed lungs (D) some reptiles must return to the water in order to reproduce. 26. Which statement is not true about snakes? (A) A rattlesnake poisons its prey before eating it (B) constrictors squeeze their prey to death (C) a viper s fangs do not move (D) snakes shed their skin 27. Which of these statements best explains the success of reptiles (A) the ability to produce poisons from their skin (B) the amniote egg 28. Which statement in not true about a reptile s circulatory system? (A) it is more efficient than an amphibian s (B) a partially divided ventricle chamber (C) they were the first endothermic animals (D) fertilization of eggs immediately after egg laying (C) they have a single circulation (D) they have a double circulation 29. To treat snakebites you need a substance called anit-venom. What is the source of anitvenom? (wait until you read the article Biting Back and answer # 68-73) (A) a genetically engineered protein (B) a secretion from amphibian skin (C) antibiotics (D) proteins from the venom of the snake species that bit you Match the part of the egg to its function. Then label the parts of the egg in the picture below. (refer to pg.823) 30. chorion A. stores waste products for the developing organism 31. allantois B. a source of water and protein for the developing embryo 32. albumen C. a protective membrane surrounding all other membranes 33. embryo D. the developing organism 34. yolk sac E. a membrane that surrounds the embryo 35. amnion F. the food source for the developing organism 36. air space G. provides the embryo with its first breath

3 Read the handout, Is it or Isn t it? and answer the following questions. 44. What is the primary reason people are bitten by snakes? 45. What is the main physical difference between poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes? What are the four factors that determine the toxicity of a snake s venom? A. C. B. D What are the four poisonous snakes in the United States? A. C. B. D. 54. What are the advantages of having snakes in our world? Adaptations of a snakes head A. Notice the tongue on the snake. It is deeply notched and can be thrust out even when the jaws are closed. The tongue flicks in and out, tasting its environment and transferring these stimuli to a structure in the roof of the mouth called the Jacobson s organ. The Jacobson s organ is directly connected to the brain. On the diagram below, label the tongue and Jacobson s organ. B. The snake s head is curiously adapted for swallowing prey four to five times larger than the throat. First, the lower jaws are not joined directly to the skull but are fastened to the quadrate hinge, a four part bone that allows the jaw to dislocate. Rows of teeth on the upper and lower jaw are pointed toward the throat. Third, the snake has a long air tube that extends along the floor of the mouth. The opening of this airway (called the glottis) is positioned in such a way that the snake can breathe and eat without suffocating. Finally, the ribs of the snake can expand to accommodate large prey as it travels through the body. On the diagram below, label the quadrate hinge, teeth and the glottis. C. Poisonous snakes have poison glands located behind the eye. The venom is delivered through a duct to the fang which is hollow. In a group of snakes called vipers (such as rattlesnakes), the fangs can fold up in the mouth when not in use. Pit vipers are so named for the shallow, concave areas (called pits) in the front of their face, which detect the heat of their prey. In a group of snakes called elapids (such as coral snakes), the fangs are fixed in one position. On the diagram below, label the fang, poison duct, poison gland and pits.

4 After reading the article Big Hearted Snakes answer the following questions Define cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy can be a bad thing for people or a good thing. Provide examples of both situations. (2pts) Describe the experiments (2 of them), that showed how the snake s heart - enlarging characteristic could be transferred to a different animal. (2pts) After reading the article Biting Back, put the steps needed to create anti venom in the correct order 1-6. The first step has been identified for you. 68. Plasma containing antibodies to venom is extracted from the blood of a horse 69. A horse is injected with a small dose of venom, causing an immune response 70. Frozen or freeze dried plasma is shipped to hospitals and pharmacies 71. _1 Venom is extracted from snakes that are known to bite people 72. Antibodies are injected into an person who has been bitten, and the toxin is neutralized 73. A horse receives larger doses of venom over time. The horse becomes immune to the venom. Examine the specimens of turtle on the lab stations to help answer the following questions. 74. Look at the head closely. The turtle is toothless. In your own words, what structure has taken the place of teeth? 75. Locate the nostrils. How is this location an advantage, especially to aquatic turtles? 76. Look at their eyes and ears. Do a quick internet search on turtle vision and hearing and summarize what you found? 77. Look at the feet. How are they adapted for walking? How are they adapted for swimming? After reading The Sun Worshipers, what are the benefits of sunbathing (for turtles, not people!)? A. B. C. D.

5 Refer to the link on Reptiles that is on my website rather than your text book