Revajová, Viera, Loószová, Adrian. The Journal of Protozoology Resea Citation RightsNational Research Center for Prot
|
|
- Lindsay Lawrence
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ' ' Morphological study of partridge Title development in the foreign host - (Gallus gallus) Revajová, Viera, Loószová, Adrian Author(s) Maria, Zibrín, Martin, Herich, Ro Mikulas The Journal of Protozoology Resea Citation Issue Date URL RightsNational Research Center for Prot 帯広畜産大学学術情報リポジトリ OAK:Obihiro university Archives o
2 J. Protozool. Res. 16, (2006) Copyright 2006, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Morphological study of partridge Eimeria procera development in the foreign host - Leghorn chicks (Gallus gallus) Viera Revajová*, Adriana Loószová, Maria Goldová, Martin Zibrín, Robert Herich and Mikulas Levkut Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenského 73, Košice, Slovak Republic *Corresponding author: Viera Revajová, revajova@uvm.sk ABSTRACT In order to morphological study of non-specific host immune response, cross-species experimental infection of Leghorn chicks with partridge specific coccidium, Eimeria procera (10 6 oocyst/per birds) was done. Schizonts of E. procera were histologically observed in all the parts of small intestine and caeca of chicks. Heterophilic and lymphocytic infiltration in lamina propria, and damage of villi intestine were observed. Schizonts were studied by electron microscope after 12, 30, and 60 hours post-infection (h pi). Results demonstrated immature and structurally damaged schizonts at 12 h pi, delayed maturation of first generation schizonts at 30 h pi, and phagocytosis of parasites at 60 h pi by intraepithelial lymphocytes. Key words: Eimeria procera, intraepithelial lymphocytes transmission electron microscopy, specific and non-specific host, INTRODUCTION Coccidia of the genus Eimeria are intracellular parasites, usually of the epithelial cells of the intestine of the host (Lawn and Rose, 1982). Complex life cycle of the coccidia elicits antibody and cell-mediated immune response (Lillehoj, 1998). In spite of a host and site specificity of Eimeria spp. in the digestive tract, sporozoites from various species of Eimeria could invade the intestinal mucosa of foreign hosts with tendency to limited or no further development (Norton, 1967; Doran, 1978; Long and Millard, 1979). Immunology, genetics, and nutrition of the host are believed to play a role in the innate resistance. A dominant role of the cell-mediated immunity in the host-protective response to Eimeria infection has been shown (Lillehoj and Trout, 1993). Goldová et al. (2001) reported that the infection of Leghorn chicks with specific pheasant coccidia Eimeria colchici resulted in the dispersed, impotent invasion of the caeca and small intestine of these birds. The development of schizonts in the intestinal mucosa was inhibited, and they were significantly smaller than those in natural host (Loószová et al., 2001a). The increase in the number of peripheral blood cells in general, and CD4+ cells in particular, indicate their participation in defence during the invasion and development of coccidia in a non-specific host (Loószová et al., 2001b). Goldová et al. (1996; 2000) provided ultrastructural findings of E. procera endogenous development in experimentally infected partridges (Perdix perdix) as well as the duration of merogony and gamogony. The present investigation was undertaken to obtain some knowledge of the Leghorn chicks cross-infected with partridge specific coccidia E. procera and describes some details about localisation, development, and damage in the non-specific host intestine after experimental per os inoculation of this protozoa. 26
3 MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals and experimental design Thirty-six white Leghorn chicks were raised in standard poultry cages with free access to non medicated food and water. At 10 days of age, the birds were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group were orally infected with suspension of sporulated E. procera oocysts at a dose 10 6 /per bird. A pure culture of E. procera was obtained by single oocysts isolation on agar (Tsutsumi, 1972). The control group was administrated with a "placebo" of inoculum buffer only. Six birds of each experimental and control group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at 12, 36 and 60 h pi. At necropsy, the samples from small intestine and caeca were collected from both groups of birds for histological examination and from caeca also for transmission electron microscopy. Histological processing The caeca, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were examined from each group autopsied at each interval. Samples were fixed in 4 % phosphate-buffered formaldehyde, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Light microscopy was done for evaluation of samples. Transmission electron microscopy Small pieces of caeca were fixed immediately after removing in a mixture of fixatives (2.5 % paraformaldehyde and 2 % glutaraldehyde). Osmium tetroxide 2 % solution in distilled water diluted 1:1 with 0.2 M cacodylate buffer (ph 7.2) was used as a postfixative solution. The samples were processed using conventional techniques and embedded in Durcupan AMC. Ultrathin sections were cut on an LKB Nova ultramicrotome. Sections were collected on copper grids and stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate (Mráz and Polónyi, 1988). Samples were observed using a Tesla BS 500 at 80 kv. RESULTS Developing schizonts of Eimeria procera were observed up to the nuclei of villous epithelial cells and between them 12 h pi in all sections of the small intestine and caeca. First generation schizonts were found bellow the nuclei of villous epithelial cells, between epithelial cells, and in the lamina propria mucosae 48 h pi. Degenerated first generation schizonts were located mainly in the duodenum and caeca in cryptal epithelial cells 60 h pi. Catarrhal inflammation, desquamation of epithelial cells, rupture and shortening of villi, together with heterophilic and lymphocytic infiltration presented intestine host reaction to protozoa. At 12 h pi the first developing schizonts of E. procera were enclosed within parasitophorous vacuole in the epithelial cells of caecal crypts non-specific host - chicks (Gallus gallus) (Fig. 1). The parasitophorous vacuoles were not fully developed and schizonts appeared damaged (Fig. 2). At 36 h pi maturation of first generation schizonts was delayed. Host nucleus and nucleolus were enlarged in infected enterocytes (Fig. 3). Atypical localization of some schizonts was also observed in the connective tissue of caecal mucosa (Fig. 4). Sixty hours pi. degenerated first generation schizonts were found in caecal enterocytes (Fig. 5), and occasionally they were phagocytosed and localized in the intraepithelial lymphocytes (Fig. 6). 27
4 Fig. 1. Electron micrograph of caecum from chicks experimentally infected with E. procera. Young first generation schizonts (S) enclosed in the parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) could be seen in the epithelial cell, closely to the host nucleus (HN), and covered by microvilli (M) 12 h pi. Bar: 1 µm. Fig. 2. Electron micrograph of first generation schizonts (S) sometimes enclosed in parasitophorous vacuoles (PV), and in close contact with intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and host nucleus (HN), after experimental infection with E. procera 12 h pi. Bar: 1 µm. 28
5 Fig. 3. Electron micrograph of first generation E. procera schizont (S) located in close contact to the host nucleus (HN) and nucleolus (NU) of the epithelial cell (E). A number of degenerating merozoites are visible inside of schizont up to the basal lamina (BL) at 36 h pi in chicks post-experimental infection. Bar: 1 µm. Fig. 4. Electron micrograph of degenerate schizont (S) located in the connective tissue bellow the epithelium (E) of caeca in experimentally infected chicks with E. procera at 36 h pi. Host nucleus (HN), collagen microfilaments (CMF), and bacteria (B) were noticeable. Bar: 1 µm. 29
6 Fig. 5. The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) of the first generation schizont within intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in close contact to the epithelial cell (E) and its host nucleus (HN), 60 h pi in caeca post-infection with E. procera Bar: 2 µm. Fig. 6. Three first generation schizonts (arrows) with degenerated merozoites located in the epithelial cell of caeca 60 h pi. Bar: 2 µm. DISCUSSION Virulence of coccidia reflects a number of factors. Among these are the location and type of cell infected by various stages of organisms, the function of infected cells, and the degree of host reaction stimulated by infection (Jubb et al., 1985). Goldová et al. (1996; 2000) reported experimental infection with E. procera in specific host partridge chicks (Perdix perdix), and their findings are useful in comparing ultrastructural changes in specific and non-specific host species. The infection of specific host partridge chicks with E. procera on 12 hours pi showed the development of rounded and nucleated schizonts in the epithelial cells of caecal crypts, and enclosed within parasitophorous vacuoles, derived from the host cell by a single membrane. Further development revealed hypertrophy of the host cell nucleus (Goldová et al., 2000). 30
7 In the present study, using the Leghorn chicks as host species, at 12 h pi developing E. procera schizonts were enclosed within parasitophorous vacuoles in the epithelial cells of caecal crypts, nonetheless parasitophorous vacuoles were not fully developed and schizonts manifested structural damage. Maturation of the first generation schizonts was delayed having been observable only at 36 until 60 h pi in the caecal enterocytes in the present study as compared to the development of mature and oval merozoites in partridge chicks that extended to the 2 nd generation schizonts (Goldová et al., 1996). Occasionally the first generation schizonts were phagocytosed and localized within the intraepithelial lymphocytes. Atypical localization of some schizonts was also observed in the connective tissue of caecal mucosa below the intestinal epithelium. The crossing of sporozoites of the basement membrane and of their engulfment by macrophages has been reported, however Lawn and Rose (1982) observed that most sporozoites are enclosed by host cells intraepithelial lymphocyte - throughout their journey from the epithelial surface to the crypt epithelium. Lillehoj and Trout (1996) had reported that macrophages and intraepithelial lymphocytes, and mainly CD8+ cells are involved in sporozoite transportation in Eimeria acervulina. We could observe (Loószová, unpublished data) the significant increase of CD3+ positive cells in duodenum 60 h pi (P<0.01), and in caeca 48 (P<0.05), as well as 60 h pi (P<0.01) by immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry analysis in the same experiment showed no significant increase of CD8+ cells in the peripheral blood after infection with E. procera (Loószová et al., 2005). There are also differences in size of schizonts between the non-specific (chicken) and specific host (pheasant) (Goldová et al., 2001). Schizonts found in the Leghorn chicks caeca infected with E. procera measured 5.66 x 3.43 µm at 12 h pi, and 9.77 x 7.47 µm at 36 h pi. At 60 h pi, schizonts were smaller and measured 5.75 x 3.78 µm (Loószová, unpublished data). Histological observation showed damage to villi in the form of oedematisation and rupture in some, presence of large amount of goblet cells, and desquamation of epithelial cells, shortening and thickening. Schizonts were located in the epithelial cells of villi, in the lamina propria mucosae, in the crypt epithelium and lamina of crypts. Daszak and Ball (1993) described morphological alteration of caecal epithelial cells invaded by first-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella in vivo. In this case the infection of enterocytes resulted in loss of microvilli and extensive bulging of cytoplasm into the crypt lumen. They also observed multiple invasions of enterocytes and invasion of goblet cells, and they found merozoites within mast cells and lymphocytes in the lumen. The complete loss of microvilli on the surface of invaded cells suggests significant alteration or disruption of the cortex of the host cell by the parasites. Unlike many protozoan parasites, the primary target tissue for coccidian is the intestinal epithelium. Acquired immunity to coccidiosis may involve immune mechanisms that both reduce the number of intracellular sporozoites and inhibit the natural progression of parasites development. Understanding the immune system-parasite interactions in the gut, leading to parasite elimination, is crucial for the design of new approaches to coccidiosis control. Destruction of parasite in non-specific host and activation of immunocompetent cells could be used for promoting of poultry defence against any infectious organisms. 31
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are very grateful to grant agency for financial supporting. This work was supported by the VEGA Grants 1/1367/04, 1/05852/03, 1/1370/04, and 1/1363/04 from the Ministry of Education the Slovak Republic. REFERENCES Daszak, P. and Ball, S.J Ultrastructural observation on caecal epithelial cells invaded by firstgeneration merozoites of Eimeria tenella in vivo. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 87: Doran, D.J The life cycle of Eimeria dispesia Tyzzer 1929 from the turkey in gallinaceous birds. J. Parasitol. 64: Goldová, M., Letková, V., Csizsmarová, G. and Kolodzieyski, L Ultrastructural study of developmental stages of Eimeria procera in partridges (Perdix perdix). J. Protozool. Res. 6: Goldová, M., Letková, V. and Csizsmarová, G Life cycle of Eimeria procera in experimentally infected grey partridges (Perdix perdix). Vet. Parasitol. 90: Goldová, M., Revajová, V., Pistl, J., Letková, V., Levkut, M., Wagshal, E., Csizsmárová, G. and Loószová, A Eimeria colchici and immunocompetent cells in specific and non-specific hosts. Acta Parasitol. 46: Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C. and Palmer, N Pathology of domestic animals. Protozoal enteritis. Vol. 2. London, Academic Press Lawn, A. and Rose, M.E Mucosal transport of Eimeria tenella in the cecum of the chicken. J. Parasitol. 68: Lillehoj, H.S Role of T lymphocytes and cytokines in coccidiosis. Int. J. Parasitol. 28: Lillehoj, H.S. and Trout, J.M Coccidia: a review of recent advances on immunity and vaccine development. Avian Pathol. 22: Lillehoj, H.S. and Trout, J.M Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissue and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 9: Long, P.L. and Millard, B.J Rejection of Eimeria by foreign host. Parasitol. 78: Loószová, A., Revajová, V., Levkut, M. and Pistl, J. 2001a. Pathogenesis of Eimeria colchici in the intestine of chickens and the related immune response. Acta Vet. Brno. 70: Loószová, A., Revajová, V., Goldová, M., Pistl, J., Czizsmarová, G. and Letková, V. 2001b. Eimeria colchici infection in chickens: the invasion and local immune response of a non-specific host. Acta Vet. Beog. 51: Loószová, A., Revajová, V., Levkut, M., Goldová, M. and Letková, V Immunological changes during Eimeria procera infection in a non-specific host. Folia Veterinaria 49: Mráz, P. and Polónyi, J Metódy elektrónovej mikroskopie živouíšnych tkanív. Bratislava, VEDA Press. pp Norton, C.C Eimeria colchici sp. as the cause of cecal coccidiosis in English covert pheasants. J. Protozool. 14: Tsutsumi, Y Eimeria tsunodai sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) a caecal coccidium of Japaneses quails (Coturmix coturmix japonica). Jap. J. Vet. Sci. 34:
9 33
HISTOPATHOLOGY. Introduction:
Introduction: HISTOPATHOLOGY Goats and sheep are the major domestic animal species in India. Much of the economy of the country has been depend upon the domestication of these animals. Especially economy
More informationSCANNING electron - microscopy has
Characteristics of the Absorptive Surface of the Small Intestine of the Chicken from 1 Day to 14 Weeks of Age 1 R. C. BAYER, C. B. CHAWAN, F. H. BIRD AND S. D. MUSGRAVE Department of Animal and Veterinary
More informationcyst&' appeared to be of two kinds-one smaller and Smnith "is inclined to regard these epithelial cell parasites as
COCCIDIA IN SUBEPITHELIAL INFECTIONS OF THE INTESTINES OF BIRDS PHILIP B. HADLEY From the Agricultural Experiment Station of the Rhode Island State College' Received for publication, July 10, 1916 In an
More informationPhylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa
Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Sporozoa The most characteristic features of sporozoa are 1-unique appearance of most protozoa makes it possible for knowledge able person to identifiy them to level of genus and
More informationProtozoa. Apicomplexa Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora. Gregarinea Coccidia Piroplasma
Protozoa Apicomplexa Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora Gregarinea Coccidia Piroplasma Coccidia characterized by thick-walled oocysts excreted in feces In Humans Cryptosporidium Isospora Cyclospora Sarcocystis
More informationUltrastructure of Endogenous Stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 Emend. Levine, 1961 in Experimentally Infected Goat
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 92(4): 533-538, Jul./Aug. 1997 Ultrastructure of Endogenous Stages of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 Emend. Levine, 1961 in Experimentally
More informationDevelopment of the Intestinal Villi Associated
Development of the Intestinal Villi Associated with the Increased Epithelial Cell Mitosis in Chickens Koh-en YAMAUCHI, Eiji NAKAMURA and Yutaka ISSHIKI Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture,
More informationKey words: Coccidia, Choleoeimeria rochalimai, fine structure, gall bladder epithelium, Hemidactylus mabouia, Brazil
FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 47: 91-96, 2000 Ultrastructural study of meronts and gamonts of Choleoeimeria rochalimai (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) developing in the gall bladder of the gecko Hemidactylus mabouia
More informationCanine giardiosis in an urban are Title source on infection of man. NikoliĆ, Aleksandra, DimitrijeviĆ Author(s) BobiĆ, Branko
' ' Canine giardiosis in an urban are Title source on infection of man NikoliĆ, Aleksandra, DimitrijeviĆ Author(s) BobiĆ, Branko The Journal of Protozoology Resea Citation 61-65 Issue Date 2001-10 URL
More informationAmerican Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. Introduction. Original Research Paper
American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Original Research Paper Eimeria Legionensis and Eimeria kofoidi (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infection and Associated Lesions in Naturally Infected Red-Legged
More informationDiagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Diagnosis, treatment and control: dealing with coccidiosis in cattle Author : Adam Martin Categories : Vets Date : January
More informationCoccidiosis in macropods and other species
Coccidiosis in macropods and other species Author: Derek Spielman Wildlife Assistance and Information Foundation; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, the University of Sydney Abstract This presentation
More informationThe Fine Structure of the Endogenous Stages of Isospora hemidactyli Carini, 1936 in the Gecko Hemidactylus mabouia from North Brazil
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 95(1): 43-47, Jan./Feb. 2000 The Fine Structure of the Endogenous Stages of Isospora hemidactyli Carini, 1936 in the Gecko Hemidactylus mabouia from North Brazil
More informationGross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 69 77, 2012 ISSN 1810-3030 Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development M. Nasrin, M. N. H. Siddiqi, M. A. Masum
More informationHISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND DURING LACTATING AND NON-LACTATING PHASES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INVOLUTION
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 3, 2016, 991 996 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) HISTOLOGY OF MAMMARY GLAND DURING LACTATING AND NON-LACTATING PHASES OF MADRAS
More informationLABORATORY. The Protozoa. At the Bench
LABORATORY Laboratory 8, Page 1 8 The Protozoa Introduction: The protozoa are unicellular animals that are classified on the basis of the organelles used for locomotion (flagella, pseudopodia, cilia or
More informationTitle. CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 24(1-2): 37. Issue Date DOI. Doc URL. Type. File Information
Title DISTRIBUTION OF LYMPHATIC TISSUES IN DUCK CAECA Author(s)KITAMURA, Hirokazu; SUGIMURA, Makoto; HASHIMOTO, Yos CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 24(1-2): 37 Issue Date 1976-05 DOI 10.14943/jjvr.24.1-2.37
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 3, 2017,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 3, 2017, 2124 2131 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON INTESTINAL LYMPHOID TISSUES IN KADAKNATH BREED
More informationIntestinal protozoan infections in stunting and diarrheic native turkey poults (Meleagris galopavo) in Iran
J. Protozool. Res. 27. 34-43 (2017) CopyrightÓ2008, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Intestinal protozoan infections in stunting and diarrheic native turkey poults (Meleagris galopavo) in
More informationAVIAN COCCIDIOSIS. One of the most potentially destructive diseases in domestic poultry production. Most costly of all poultry diseases.
AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS One of the most potentially destructive diseases in domestic poultry production. Most costly of all poultry diseases. Strictly a gut infection in chickens and turkeys. All avian species
More informationA Study of Coccidiosis in Livestock in the Island of Dominica. Joshua Santelises. Study Abroad Texas A&M University. Dr.
A Study of Coccidiosis in Livestock in the Island of Dominica Joshua Santelises Study Abroad 2012 Texas A&M University Dr. Thomas Lacher Dr. Jim Woolley Abstract The following experiment was done to investigate
More informationThe comparative analysis of infection pattern and oocyst output in
Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/vol.7/july-21/18.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The comparative analysis of infection pattern and oocyst output in Eimeria tenella,
More informationTechnique for microdissection and measurement in biopsies of human small intestine
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1977, 30, 1068-1073 Technique for microdissection and measurement in biopsies of human small intestine ANNE FERGUSON, A. SUTHERLAND, T. T. MAcDONALD, AND FRANCES ALLAN From
More informationDistribution of lymphoid tissue in the caecal mucosa of chickens
J. Anat. (1998) 192, pp. 293 298, with 5 figures Printed in the United Kingdom 293 Short Report Distribution of lymphoid tissue in the caecal mucosa of chickens HIROSHI KITAGAWA, YOSHITOSHI HIRATSUKA,
More informationIN-VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTI-COCCIDIAL EFFICACY OF SALINOMYCIN AND AMPROLIUM IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN
IN-VIVO EVALUATION OF ANTI-COCCIDIAL EFFICACY OF SALINOMYCIN AND AMPROLIUM IN COMMERCIAL CHICKEN R. Selvarani*, M. Raman and S. Gomathinayagam Department of Veterinary Parasitology Madras Veterinary College,
More informationProtozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017
Protozoan Parasites of Veterinary importance 2017 VPM-122 Laboratory 4 Spencer J. Greenwood PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Room 2332N AVC North Annex sgreenwood@upei.ca Office phone # 566-6002 To
More informationBEAK AND FEATHER DYSTROPHY IN WILD SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOOS (CACATUA GALERITA)
BEAK AND FEATHER DYSTROPHY IN WILD SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOOS (CACATUA GALERITA) Author(s): Steven McOrist, Douglas G. Black, David A. Pass, Peter C. Scott, and John Marshall Source: Journal of Wildlife
More informationElectron Microscopic Observations on Ciliated Epithelium of Tracheal Organ Cultures Infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica
Microbiol. Immunol. Vol. 33 (2), 111-121, 1989 Electron Microscopic Observations on Ciliated Epithelium of Tracheal Organ Cultures Infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica Kachiko SEKIYA,*,1 Yutaka FUTAESAKU,2
More informationProtozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 Apicomplexans II Coccidia Part II & Cryptosporidium Pages 28-36
Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 20 Apicomplexans II Coccidia Part II & Cryptosporidium Pages 28-36 Coccidia: Life cycle & treatment/control effectiveness? Asexual stages Sexual stages Prophylactic drugs Current
More informationAnti-protozoan study of a medicinal herb, Bidens pilosa
1 2017 JITMM Anti-protozoan study of a medicinal herb, Bidens pilosa Meng-Ting Yang, Tien-Fen Kuo, Yueh-Chen Wu, Cicero L.T. Chang and Wen-Chin Yang Taiwan International Graduate Program Molecular and
More informationMalaria in the Mosquito Dr. Peter Billingsley
Malaria in the Mosquito Senior Director Quality Systems and Entomology Research Sanaria Inc. Rockville MD. 1 Malaria: one of the world s foremost killers Every year 1 million children die of malaria 250
More informationPLASMODIUM MODULE 39.1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 39.2 MALARIAL PARASITE. Notes
Plasmodium MODULE 39 PLASMODIUM 39.1 INTRODUCTION Malaria is characterized by intermittent fever associated with chills and rigors in the patient. There may be enlargement of the liver and spleen in the
More informationFine structure of Eimeria (S. l.) vanasi merogony stages in the intestinal mucosa of cichlid fishes
Vol. 10: 195-201. 1991 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis. aquat. Org. Published May 8 Fine structure of Eimeria (S. l.) vanasi merogony stages in the intestinal mucosa of cichlid fishes Ilan Paperna Department
More informationA Lymphosarcoma in an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
A Lymphosarcoma in an Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Authors: Paul R. Bowser, Marilyn J. Wolfe, and Timothy Wallbridge Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 23(4) : 698-701 Published By: Wildlife Disease
More informationHepatic Coccidiosis of the Domestic Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L. in Saudi Arabia
World Journal of Zoology 3 (1): -35, 2008 ISSN 1817-98 IDOSI Publications, 2008 Hepatic Coccidiosis of the Domestic Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus L. in Saudi Arabia Ebtesam M. Al-Mathal Department
More information沖繩産シリケンイモリより発見されたへモグレガリンの 1 新種 Haemogregarina shirikenimori. Citation 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 19(2). p105-
NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) 沖繩産シリケンイモリより発見されたへモグレガリンの 1 新種 Haemogregarina shirikenimori 宮田, 彬 Citation 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 19(2). p105- Issue Date 1977-06-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10069/4222
More informationApicomplexa of Intestinal Pathology
LECTURES #4, #5 & #6: APICOMPLEXA 1 Apicomplexa of Intestinal Pathology Cryptosporidium, Eimeria, Cystoisospora General Characteristics of Apicomplexa A. Morphology by stage Zoite o Tear-shaped (cylindrical
More informationLacerta viridis. Functional anatomy of the lungs of the green lizard, (Accepted 18 February 1977)
J. Anat. (1978), 125, 2, pp. 421-431 421 With 9 figures Printed in Great Britain Functional anatomy of the lungs of the green lizard, Lacerta viridis C. MEBAN Department of Anatomy, The Queen's University
More informationThe South American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, from Brazil as another definitive host for Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999
The South American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, from Brazil as another definitive host for Sarcocystis speeri Dubey and Lindsay, 1999 589 J. P. DUBEY *, C. E. KERBER, D. S. LINDSAY, N. KASAI and H.
More informationMalaria parasites of rodents of the Congo (Brazzaville) :
Annales de Parasitologie (Paris), 1976, t. 51, n 6, pp. 637 à 646 Malaria parasites of rodents of the Congo (Brazzaville) : Plasmodium cbabaudi adami subsp. nov. and Plasmodium vinckei lentum Landau, Michel,
More informationSession Pathology and Hygiene
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11 th WORLD RABBIT CONGRESS Qingdao (China) - June 15-18, 2016 ISSN 2308-1910 Session Pathology and Hygiene Li Y., Wang Y., Tao G., Cui Y., Suo X., Liu X. PROPHYLACTIC AND THERAPEUTIC
More informationPREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF RABBIT COCCIDIOSIS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA.
PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF RABBIT COCCIDIOSIS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA. A research project submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, UON. Investigator:
More informationJoerg Kinne, Mansoor Ali*, Ulrich Wernery, and J. P. Dubey
J. Parasitol., 88(3), 2002, pp. 548 552 American Society of Parasitologists 2002 CLINICAL LARGE INTESTINAL COCCIDIOSIS IN CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS) IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: DESCRIPTION OF LESIONS,
More informationApicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro
Apicomplexans Apicomplexa Intro Cryptosporidium Apicomplexan Select Characteristics Gliding motility Apical Complex organelle for invasion of host cell Life cycle alternates b/w sexual and asexual phases
More informationField necropsy techniques in mammal and poultry
Field necropsy techniques in mammal and poultry Kidsadagon Pringproa, DVM, MS, PhD Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chiang Mai University
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature11046 Supplementary Figure 1: Images of PB-positive cells in the subepidermal region (a-i) Representative images of PB positive cells in the subepidermis of the upper beak of the pigeon.
More informationHistomorphometric evaluation of small intestinal mucosa of red jungle fowl and commercial broiler from one day to four months of age
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(7), pp. 186-1811, 24 January, 212 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb DOI: 1.5897/AJB11.664 ISSN 1684 5315 212 Academic Journals Full Length
More information1) Most common, infectious, pathogenic animal (zoonotic) parasite of humans; estimated that 13% of humans are infected
XX Phylum Apicomplexa (Chapter 8) 2005 A. Characteristics 1. All are parasitic 2. APICAL COMPLEX a. Group of organelles used to invade host cells b. Visible only with electron microscopy Picture Slide
More informationCoccidia. Nimit Morakote, Ph.D.
Coccidia Nimit Morakote, Ph.D. 1 Learning objectives After class, students will be able to: Describe morphology, life cycle, signs and symptoms, prevention and control, laboratory diagnosis and treatment
More informationFact sheet. All animals, particularly herbivores, appear to be natural hosts for coccidian species with a high degree of host specificity observed.
Coccidia in k angaroos Fact sheet Introductory statement Coccidians are protozoan parasites which infect the intestinal tract of many animals. Within kangaroos, coccidia infections can lead to clinical
More informationConcurrent Capillaria and Heterakis Infections in Zoo Rock Partridges, Alectoris graeca
CSE REPORT Korean J Parasitol. Vol. 48, No. 3: 253-257, September 2010 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.253 Concurrent Capillaria and Heterakis Infections in Zoo Rock Partridges, lectoris graeca Sang-Ik Park
More informationEfficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis
Efficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis Jessica Perkins, Thomas Yazwinski, Chris Tucker Abstract The goal of this
More informationLiver and Gallbladder Morphology of the juvenile Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768)
Liver and Gallbladder Morphology of the juvenile Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768) by ERNA VAN WILPE Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MSc DEPARTMENT
More informationA:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign
A:Malaria (Plasmodium species) Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria P. malariae: causes Quartan malaria P. vivax: causes benign tertian malaria P. ovale: causes benign tertian malaria
More informationHistomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal tonsil in goats
Indian J. Anim. Res., 51 (3) 2017 : 464-468 Print ISSN:0367-6722 / Online ISSN:0976-0555 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com/www.ijaronline.in Histomorphology and scanning electron
More informationINTERNAL PARASITES (MOST IMPORTANT HELMINTHS)
INTERNAL PARASITES (MOST IMPORTANT HELMINTHS) Large roundworms - Ascaridia sp. - Most important in chickens and turkeys Cecal worms - Heterakis gallinarum Hair worms - Capillaria obsignata - quail Crop
More informationSystemic Apicomplexans. Toxoplasma
Systemic Apicomplexans Toxoplasma Protozoan Groups Historically, protozoa have been grouped by mode of motility. Flagellates Hemoflagellates Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania infantum Mucoflagellates Tritrichomonas
More informationAvian coccidiosis, a disease of major economic
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
More informationProtozoan Parasites: Lecture 17 - Trichomonas & Histomonas Pages 10-18
Protozoan Parasites: Lecture 17 - Trichomonas & Histomonas Pages 10-18 Spencer Greenwood BSc, MSc, PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Office: 2332N AVC-North Annex Phone: 566-6002 Home: 892-4686 E-mail:
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PARAMPHISTOMUM CERVI IN CATTLE IN BABYLON PROVINCE
Paramphistomum * *.-..-. * Paramphistomum cervi % Paramphistomum..(%,) (% ) %.(%) %.% %. %,%... EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PARAMPHISTOMUM CERVI IN CATTLE IN BABYLON PROVINCE Huda sadoon
More informationCanine Parvoviral Disease: Experimental Reproduction of the Enteric Form with a Parvovirus Isolated from a Case of Myocarditis
Vet. Pathol. 17: 589-599 (1980) Canine Parvoviral Disease: Experimental Reproduction of the Enteric Form with a Parvovirus Isolated from a Case of Myocarditis W. F. ROBINSON, G. E. WILCOX and R. L. P.
More informationThe specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the Coccidia of the fowl
Avian Pathology ISSN: 0307-9457 (Print) 1465-3338 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cavp20 The specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the Coccidia of the
More informationDiurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of
Hayasaki et al., Page 1 Short Communication Diurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of Dirofilaria immitis M. Hayasaki a,*, J. Okajima b, K.H. Song a, K. Shiramizu
More informationTitle. Author(s)OOI, Hong-Kean; OKU, Yuzaburo; KAMIYA, Masao; OHBAYA. CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 32(1): 1-7
Title INNATE RESISTANCE OF CHICKENS TO TRICHINELLA SPIRALI PARASITE Author(s)OOI, Hong-Kean; OKU, Yuzaburo; KAMIYA, Masao; OHBAYA CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 32(1): 1-7 Issue Date
More informationPhysiological and morphological responses to feeding in broad-nosed caiman (Caiman latirostris)
2033 The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 2033-2045 Published by The Company of Biologists 2007 doi:10.1242/jeb.000976 Physiological and morphological responses to feeding in broad-nosed caiman (Caiman
More informationDermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite
Veterinary Parasitology 116 (2003) 51 59 Short communication Dermatitis in a dog associated with an unidentified Toxoplasma gondii-like parasite J.P. Dubey a,, A.L. Pimenta b, L.C.S. Abboud b, R.R. Ravasani
More informationPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND LOCAL DEFENSE REACTION OCCURRING IN SPONTANEOUS HEPATIC COCCIDIOSIS IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
W O R L D R A B B I T SCIENCE World Rabbit Sci. 2007, 15: 23-28 WRSA, UPV, 2003 PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND LOCAL DEFENSE REACTION OCCURRING IN SPONTANEOUS HEPATIC COCCIDIOSIS IN RABBITS (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
More informationA. Effect upon human culture 1. Control of malaria has contributed to world=s population explosion 2. Africans brought to U.S.
VI. Malaria A. Effect upon human culture 1. Control of malaria has contributed to world=s population explosion 2. Africans brought to U.S. because they were resistant to malaria & other diseases 3. Many
More informationAhead of print online version
Folia Parasitologica 60 [3]: 232 236, 2013 ISSN 0015-5683 (print), ISSN 1803-6465 (online) Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR http://folia.paru.cas.cz/ A new species of Choleoeimeria (Apicomplexa:
More informationBiology of toxoplasmosis
1 Biology of toxoplasmosis E. Petersen 1 and J. P. Dubey 2 1 Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, USA History Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidium, with
More informationExtra-intestinal localization of Goussia sp. (Apicomplexa) oocysts in Rana dalmatina (Anura: Ranidae), and the fate of infection after metamorphosis
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 70: 237 241, 2006 Published June 23 Dis Aquat Org Extra-intestinal localization of Goussia sp. (Apicomplexa) oocysts in Rana dalmatina (Anura: Ranidae), and the fate
More informationFeeding Original XPC TM can help reduce Campylobacter in broilers and turkeys
As published in RESEARCH UPDATE Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness. Traditional methods for controlling Campylobacter contamination have been focused within the processing
More informationInfecting Anopheles stephensi With Rodent Malaria Parasites Alida Coppi & Photini Sinnis
Infecting Anopheles stephensi With Rodent Malaria Parasites Alida Coppi & Photini Sinnis A. Reagents: 1. DMEM or RPMI DMEM (4.5g/L glucose) RPMI 1640 Cellgro #MT-10-017-CM Cellgro #MT-10-040-CM 2. Giemsa
More informationCoinfection with Clostridium piliforme and Felid herpesvirus 1 in a kitten
593600VDIXXX10.1177/1040638715593600FHV-1 and Tyzzer s disease in a kittenneto et al. research-article2015 Brief Communication Coinfection with Clostridium piliforme and Felid herpesvirus 1 in a kitten
More informationKey words: Plasmodium, Kentropyx calcarata, Brazil, merogony, gametocytes, ultrastructure
FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 49: 2-8, 2002 Fine structure of erythrocytic stages of a Plasmodium tropiduri-like malaria parasite found in the lizard Kentropyx calcarata (Teiidae) from north Brazil Ilan Paperna
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this
Unit B: Anatomy and Physiology of Poultry Lesson1: Internal Anatomy of Poultry Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify
More informationSam R. Telford, Jr The Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl32611, USA
Systematic Parasitology 23: 203-208, 1992. 0 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. An eimeriid species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) that parasitises the gallbladder and bile-duct of
More informationProtozoan Parasites: Flagellates, Amoebae, Ciliates & Apicomplexans
Protozoan Parasites: Flagellates, Amoebae, Ciliates & Apicomplexans Spencer Greenwood BSc, MSc, PhD, DVM Dept. of Biomedical Sciences Office: 2332N AVC-North Annex Phone: 566-6002 Home: 892-4686 E-mail:
More informationCOCCIDIOSIS OF SANDHILL CRANES (GRUS CANADENSIS) WINTERING IN NEW MEXICO
journal of Wtldltfe hemes, 22(1). 1986. pp 25-35 0 Wildlife Disease Association 1986 COCCIDIOSIS OF SANDHILL CRANES (GRUS CANADENSIS) WINTERING IN NEW MEXICO Brent B. Parker and Donald W. Duszynski Department
More informationREPRODUCTION OF THE CYCLE OF COCCIDIA EIMERIA ACERVULINA (TYZZER, 1929) IN CELL CULTURES OF CHICKEN KIDNEYS
REPRODUCTION OF THE CYCLE OF COCCIDIA EIMERIA ACERVULINA (TYZZER, 1929) IN CELL CULTURES OF CHICKEN KIDNEYS Muriel NaciriBontemps To cite this version: Muriel NaciriBontemps. REPRODUCTION OF THE CYCLE
More informationAnticoccideal Drugs. By Prof. Dr. Nehal Aly Afifi. Pharmacology Dept. Faculty of Vet. Med. Cairo Univ.
Anticoccideal Drugs By Prof. Dr. Nehal Aly Afifi Pharmacology Dept. Faculty of Vet. Med. Cairo Univ. Anticoccidial Drugs 2 Parasitic disease caused by TS. protozoa (Eimeria spp.) cause complete destruction
More informationAn Optimist s View on How We Will Maintain Broiler Gut Health and Performance in Today s NAE, Food Safety and Regulatory Climate
An Optimist s View on How We Will Maintain Broiler Gut Health and Performance in Today s NAE, Food Safety and Regulatory Climate Chuck Hofacre, DVM, MAM, PhD The University of Georgia And Southern Poultry
More informationBIO Parasitology Spring 2009
BIO 475 - Parasitology Spring 2009 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 10 Malaria-Life Cycle a. Micro and macrogametocytes in mosquito stomach. b. Ookinete
More informationBiology of Isospora spp. from Humans, Nonhuman Primates, and Domestic Animals
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Jan. 1997, p. 19 34 Vol. 10, No. 1 0893-8512/97/$04.00 0 Copyright 1997, American Society for Microbiology Biology of Isospora spp. from Humans, Nonhuman Primates, and Domestic
More informationThe specimens of Ameiva ameiva (Linn) were
Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1999064359 FINE STRUCTURE OF THE EPICYTOPLASMIC EIMERID COCCIDIUM ACROEIMERIA PINTOI LAINSON & PAPERNA, 1999,
More informationHistomoniasis. Diagnosis, Prophylaxis, Treatment - Research developments. Koen De Gussem, DVM Parma, 22/01/2013
Histomoniasis Diagnosis, Prophylaxis, Treatment - Research developments Koen De Gussem, DVM Parma, 22/01/2013 Agenda Diagnosis and monitoring Profylaxis and control General control measures Specific approaches
More informationEffect of Sodium Hypochlorite on the Oocyst Wall of Eimeria tenella as Shown by Electron Microscopy1
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY This alteration appeared similar to that observed by light microscopy (Figs. 5, 6). Literature Cited Dixon, K. E. 1966. The physiology of excystment of the
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT AMPROLINE 400 mg/ml solution for use in drinking water for chickens and turkeys 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
More informationFormoguanamine-induced blindness and photoperiodic responses in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica
J. Biosci., Vol. 19, Number 4, October 1994, pp 479-484. Printed in India. Formoguanamine-induced blindness and photoperiodic responses in the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica 1. Introduction
More informationËtude ultrastructurale de la mérogonie de Schellackia cf. agamae (Lankesterellidae, Apicomplexa) chez le Lézard Agama stellio.
Masson, Paris, 1987 Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 1987, 62, n 5, pp. 380-386. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE MEROGONY OF SCHELLACKIA CF. AGAMAE (LANKESTERELLIDAE, APICOMPLEXA) FROM THE STARRED LIZARD AGAMA
More informationPREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF ABOMASAL ABNORMALITIES IN SHEEP IN SOUTHERN IRAN
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 18, No 3, 270 276 ISSN 1311-1477; DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.802 Original article PREVALENCE AND PATHOLOGY OF ABOMASAL ABNORMALITIES IN SHEEP IN SOUTHERN IRAN A.
More informationCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS GLUT-2 AND GLUT-5 IN OSTRICHES GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia 2
Macedonian Veterinary Review Mac Vet Rev 2016; 39 (2): 225-231 Available online at www.macvetrev.mk Original Scientific Article COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS GLUT-2 AND GLUT-5 IN OSTRICHES
More informationANTICOCCIDIALS USED FOR THE THERAPY OF COCCIDIOSIS IN CHICKENS, TURKEYS AND GEESE
ANTICOCCIDIALS USED FOR THE THERAPY OF COCCIDIOSIS IN CHICKENS, TURKEYS AND GEESE Guideline Title Anticoccidials used for the Therapy of Coccidiosis i n Chickens, Turkey and Geese Legislative Basis Directive
More informationDISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis. aquat. Org.
Vol. 7: 149-153, 1989 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Dis. aquat. Org. Published October 26 Developmental cycle of chelonian haemogregarines in leeches with extra-intestinal multiple sporozoite oocysts and
More informationDifferences in intestinal health and performance between broilers hatched on the farm or at a hatchery.
Differences in intestinal health and performance between broilers hatched on the farm or at a hatchery. S.B. van Bochove (3757552) Research Project Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University December 2014
More informationObservations on Eimeria species of Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) from the state of Pará, North Brazil
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 99: 000-000, 2004 1 Observations on Eimeria species of Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) from the state of Pará, North Brazil Ralph
More informationVETERINARY BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (VBSC)
Veterinary Biomedical Sciences (VBSC) 1 VETERINARY BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (VBSC) VBSC 5000 Master s Research and Thesis Prerequisites: Graduate standing. Description: Research problem for meeting requirements
More informationChanges in the Differential Leukocyte Count of Chicks Inoculated with Salmonellal
APPuED MCROmOLOGY, May 1970, p. 726-730 Copyright 1970 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 19, No. Printed in U.S.A. Changes in the Differential Leukocyte Count of Chicks noculated with Salmonellal
More informationFeline Tritrichomonas foetus infection
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Feline Tritrichomonas foetus infection Author : ANDREW SPARKES Categories : Vets Date : November 24, 2008 ANDREW SPARKES discusses
More informationFauna of Coccidian Parasites of Cattles in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 2/ May 2014 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Fauna of Coccidian Parasites of Cattles in Nakhchivan ISMAIL MAMMADOV
More information