Echoma anaglypta (BOHEMAN, 1862) and E. anaglyptoides n. sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)

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1 Genus Vol. 9 (3): Wroc³aw, 30 IX 1998 Echoma anaglypta (BOHEMAN, 1862) and E. anaglyptoides n. sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) Zoological Institute, Wroc³aw University, Sienkiewicza 21, Wroc³aw, Poland, cassidae@biol.uni.wroc.pl ABSTRACT. Echoma anaglypta (BOHEMAN, 1862) is redescribed, and a closely ralated species E. anaglyptoides n. sp. is described from Colombia and French Guyana. A key to the members of the nominotypical subgenus and catalogue of all species are given. Seven new combinations are proposed. Key words: entomology, taxonomy, new species, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Echoma, key, South America. The genus Echoma CHEVROLAT in DEJEAN, 1837 (= Omoplata HOPE, 1840) comprises 11 species divided into two subgenera. Members of the nominotypical subgenus are distributed mostly in northwestern part of South America, four species occur in Central America, the only member of the subgenus Pseudomoplata SPAETH, 1952 is known only from northern Argentina. BOHEMAN (1862) described Omoplata anaglypta from Colombia. The species has remained unrecognized for many years. I have examined several specimens named anaglypta by F. SPAETH in his collection preserved at the Manchester Museum and in my collection, I saw also redescription of anaglypta in SPAETH s unpublished key to the world Cassidinae. Based on SPAETH s interpretation of this species I recorded E. anaglypta from French Guyana (BOROWIEC 1996). During my stay at the Paris Museum I found holotype of E. anaglypta (BOHEMAN) and it is not conspecific with E. anaglypta sensu SPAETH. Recently WINDSOR et al. (1995) have provided interesting biological data for species observed in Panama and named by E. RILEY

2 376 as Echoma sp. nr. bonfilsi. Based on photograph included in the paper it is conspecific with what SPAETH named E. anaglypta. Below I describe this species under the name Echoma anaglyptoides n. sp. and redescribe E. anaglypta (BOHEMAN) based on holotype and a single specimen from my collection. Key to the species of the nominotypical subgenus and catalogue of all species are given. Echoma anaglyptoides n. sp. ETYMOLOGY Named after its external similarity to E. anaglypta (BOH.). DIAGNOSIS Like E. signata (PANZ.) it has anterior half of elytron mostly rusty-yellow to yellowish-red with numerous black spots. In E. signata the pale groundcolor is paler than in E. anaglyptoides, white-yellow. Metallic tint of dark parts of elytra and pronotum is more distinct in anaglyptoides than in signata. Sides of pronotum in anaglyptoides are almost parallel in basal half, then distinctly converging anterad, thus each side forms a blunt angle, while in signata sides are more regularly rounded from base to anterior margin, with no distinct angle. A rare form of E. bonfilsi from Ecuador with maculate pale parts of elytra is similar to E. anaglyptoides, but spots are less numerous, at most 15 (at least 18 in anaglyptoides), smaller and with vanishing broders (well delimited in anaglyptoides). E. anaglypta distinctly differs from the new species in whole elytral disc with red groundcolour (in anaglyptoides at least apical 1/3 of disc is metallic). DESCRIPTION Length: male mm, female mm, width: male mm, female mm, length of pronotum: male 3.3 mm, female mm, width of pronotum: male mm, female mm, length/width ratio: male , female , width/length ratio of pronotum: male , female Pronotum black with distinct green metallic tint, anterior corners narrowly yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra in anterior part rusty-yellow to yellow-red, in posterior 1/3-1/2 length black with green metallic tint. Pale part of disc and of explanate margin with numerous (18-30 on each elytron) black spots of various size. Spots along suture connected with black sutural margin, suture looks like a zipper. Margin of pale spot narrowly black, in two female specimen more broadly black and explanate margin has only large, pale window. Ventrites brown to black, usually only last abdominal sternite on each side with small reddish spot, sometimes three last sternites with spots. Legs from reddish brown to black. Antennae black, sometimes ventral side of segments 2-4 reddish.

3 ECHOMA ANAGLYPTA AND E. ANAGLYPTOIDES N. SP. 377 Pronotum almost rectangular, sides in basal half almost parallel, then distinctly converging anterad, with obtuse but distinct angle, anterior emargination deep. Disc slightly depressed, dull, with very fine, sparse pricks, sometimes impunctate. Explanate margin indistinctly bordered from disc, with shallow impression, dull, impunctate. Scutellum small, but larger than in E. anaglypta. Base of elytra very broad, humeri in male extremely, in female moderately produced anterad, in male angulate, in female obtusely angulate to rounded, anterior margin in male with distinct humeral emargination. Disc regularly Echoma anaglyptoides, 5. E. anaglypta: 1, 3 - body outline and elytral pattern (1 - male, 3 - female), 2 - body in profile, antenna

4 378 convex, puncturation on pale parts of elytra medium-sized, slightly finer and sparser than in E. anaglypta, distance between punctures usually twice wider than puncture diameter, on dark parts of disc puncturation extremely fine and sparse or obsolete. Explanate margin declivous, on pale parts as coarsely and densely punctate as disc, on dark parts puncturation obsolete. Ventrites with no diagnostic characters. Length ratio of antennal segments: 100: 52:91:100:96:83:80:78: 80:95:143(male)117(female). BIOLOGY WINDORS et al. (1995) observed males competing for mates and copulating while females oviposited within fresh inflorescences of Mikania guaco H.&B. (Asteraceae). Adults and all larval instars fed exclusively upon opened florets of this plant, and developmental period is shorter than in several leaf feeding species of the tribe Stolaini. TYPES Holotype male: Colombia, Bogota anaglypta SPAETH det ; paratype male: Colombia S. Amer. ; three paratypes female: Colombia PEHLKE Anaglypta SPAETH det. ; Colombia signata SPAETH det. ; French Guyana, Bas Maroni (all preserved at the Department of Systematic Zoology and Zoogeography, University of Wroc³aw, Poland). Echoma anaglypta (BOHEMAN, 1862) DIAGNOSIS It is well distinct in its elytral disc and explanate margin almost completely red with black maculation. Only E. clypeata (PANZ.) and E. distincta (BOH.) have elytra mostly pale, white-yellow to yellowish-red but not maculate. E. signata (PANZ.), E. anaglyptoides n. sp. and Ecuadorian specimens of E. bonfilsi have pale spots of elytra maculate but in these species posterior 1/3-1/2 length of elytra is black or metallic. No species of the genus Echoma has such a deep red groundcolour of elytra as E. anaglypta. DESCRIPTION All characters for female only. Length: 11.4 mm, width: 10.4 mm, length of pronotum: 3.2 mm, width of pronotum: 5.6 mm, length/width ratio: 1.10, width/length ratio of pronotum: Pronotum black with distinct green metallic tint, anterior corners broadly yellow. Scutellum black. Elytra red, suture and margin narrowly black. Disc of elytron and explanate margin with numerous (50-60 on each elytron) black spots of various size. Spots along suture connected with black sutural margin, suture looks like a zipper. Ventrites black, only abdominal sternites on each side with

5 ECHOMA ANAGLYPTA AND E. ANAGLYPTOIDES N. SP. 379 small reddish spot. Legs from reddish brown to black. Antennae black, ventral side of segments 2-4 yellowish Echoma anaglypta: 6 - body outline and elytral pattern, 7 - body in profile Pronotum almost semicircular, sides regularly rounded, with no angle, anterior emargination deep. Disc slightly depressed, dull, with very fine, sparse pricks. Explanate margin indistinctly bordered frm disc, with shallow impression, dull, impunctate. Scutellum very small, smaller than in related species. Base of elytra very broad, humeri moderately produced anterad, rounded. Disc regularly convex, puncturation medium-sized, moderately dense, irregular, distance between punctures as wide as to twice wider than puncture diameter, on slope punctures only slightly smaller than in naterior half of disc. Explanate margin declivous, as coarsely and densely punctate as disc. Ventrites with no diagnostic characters. Length ratio of antennal segments: 100:65:110:110:95:75:75:72:80: 80:140. MATERIAL EXAMINED Holotype: Anaglypta Bhm Colombie Type Ex Museo Mniszeck anaglypta Boh. (Museum National d Histoire Naturelle, Paris). New data: Colombia, Caqueza, Cundinamarca dept., 1 I 1940 (author s coll.).

6 380 KEY TO THE SUBGENUS ECHOMA S. STR. 1. Elytral disc partly pale Elytral disc uniformly black with metallic tint. Peru... E. callangana (SP. 2. Each elytron with two pale spots, first in anterior part of disc, the second in anterior part of explanate margin, spots sometimes partly coalescent Elytron in anterior half mostly pale, or whole elytra pale with dark margin Elytral spots partly coalescent. Pronotal sides slightly angulate. Mexico... E. confluens (SP.) -. Elytral spots not coalescent. Pronotal sides rounded, with no angulation. Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama... E. quadristillata (BOH.) 4. Elytral disc in posterior 1/3-1/2 length black or metallic Elytral disc completely pale, maculate or not Pale part of elytra maculate Pale part of elytra immaculate Spots of pale part of elytra large and numerous: Spots of pale part of elytra very small and less numerous: 3-15; rare form from Ecuador... E. bonfilsi (BOH.) 7. Pale part of elytra white-yellowish. Dark part of elytra and pronotum black without or with indistinct metallic tint. Sides of pronotum rounded, with no angle. Colombia, French Guyana, N Brazil... E. signata (PANZ.) -. Pale part of elytra rusty-yellow to yellowish-red. Dark part of elytra and pronotum with distinct metallic tint. Sides of pronotum with obtuse angulation. Colombia, French Guyana... E. anaglyptoides n. sp. 8. At least apical 1/3 of disc dark metallic At most apical 1/4 of disc dark metallic; rare form from Peru E. clypeata ab. biplagiata (ER.) 9. Pale part of elytra white-yellowish. Sides of pronotum rounded, with no angle. Male humeri more produced anterad. Ecuador, French Guyana, N Brazil... E. biplagosa (BOH.) -. Pale part of elytra rusty-yellow to yellowish-red. Sides of pronotum with obtuse but distinct angulation. Male humeri less produced anterad. Ecuador, Peru... E. bonfilsi (BOH.) 10. Pale part of elytra immaculate, from white-yellowish to yellowish-red Pale opart of elytra maculate, red. Colombia... E. anaglypta (BOH.) 11. Elytra white-yellowish to rusty-yellow. Dark margin of elytra very narrow. The commonest species, from French Guyana to Paraguay E. clypeata (PANZ.) -. Elytra yellowish-red. Dark margin of elytra wider, especially in posterior half of explanate margin. Guadeloupe and Martinique... E. distincta (BOH.)

7 ECHOMA ANAGLYPTA AND E. ANAGLYPTOIDES N. SP. 381 CATALOGUE Genus: Echoma Chevrolat, 1837 Echoma CHEVROLAT in DEJEAN, 1837: 370, 394 (type species: Cassida clypeata PANZER, 1798 = Cassida marginata Linnaeus, 1767, designated by DUPONCHEL and CHEVROLAT in D ORBIGNY, 1843). Omoplata HOPE, 1840: 158 (type species: Cassida marginata LINNAEUS, 1767, by original designation). Pseudomoplata SPAETH in HINCKS, 1952: 344 (type species: Omoplata weyenberghi DOHRN, 1878, by monotypy), subgenus. Subgenus: Echoma s. str. albiventris (Boheman, 1854) n. comb. Omoplata albiventris Boheman, 1854: 136 (holotype probably in Paris, not recovered), 1856: 90, 1862: 225; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Wagener, 1881: 61; Champion, 1893: 160; Spaeth, 1914 g: 55; Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wilcox, 1975: 151. Distr.: Mexico. anaglypta (Boheman, 1862) Omoplata anaglypta Boheman, 1862: 227 (holotype in Paris, examined); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Wagener, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Echoma anaglypta: Borowiec, 1996: 183 (misidentification). Distr.: Colombia. anaglyptoides n. sp. Echoma anaglyptoides Borowiec, 1998: 376 (holotype and paratypes in coll. Dept. of Systematic Zoology and Zoogeography, Wroc³aw, examined). Echoma anaglypta: Borowiec, 1996: 183. Echoma sp. nr bonfilsi: Windsor et al., 1995: 102. Host plant: Asteraceae: Mikania guaco (Windsor et al. 1995). Distr.: Colombia: Bogota; French Guyana: Bas Maroni. biplagosa (Boheman, 1854) Omoplata biplagosa Boheman, 1854: 142 (lectotype and paralectotype in Stockholm, present designation), 1856: 91, 1862: 226; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Wagener, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Echoma biplagosa: Borowiec, 1996: 183.

8 382 Lectotype designation: Lectotype: Cayen Reiche Type (Stockholm); paralectotype: Cayen Bhn (Stockholm). Distr.: Brazil: Pará; Ecuador: Napo; French Guyana: Cayenne. bonfilsii (Boheman, 1854) Omoplata Bonfilsii Boheman, 1854: 141 (holotype in Stockholm, examined), 1856: 91, 1862: 226. Omoplata Bonfilsi [sic]: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Wagener, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54, 1942 b: 28; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Echoma bonfilsii: Borowiec, 1996: 183. Distr.: Ecuador: El Reventador, Guyaquil, Macas, Palmar, Tandapi; Peru. callangana (Spaeth, 1942) n. comb. Omoplata callangana Spaeth, 1942 b: 28 (holotype in Manchester Museum, examined). Distr.: Peru: Callanga. clypeata (Panzer, 1798) n. comb. Cassida marginata Linnaeus, 1767: 578 (type unknown); Fabricius, 1775: 91, 1787: 64, 1792: 300, 1801: 400; Degeer, 1775: 185; Goeze, 1777: 207; Olivier, 1790: 385, 1808: 941 (incl. fig.); Herbst, 1799: 325; Schönherr, 1817: 222; not C. marginata Linnaeus, Omoplata marginata: Boheman, 1854: 139, 1856: 90, 1862: 226; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642 (as syn. of clypeata); Wagener, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1914 g: 54, 1942 b: 28; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Echoma marginata: Windsor et al., 1995: 105; Borowiec, 1996: 183. Cassida clypeata Panzer, 1798: f. 5 (type unknown); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Boheman, 1856: 90 (as syn. of marginata). Omoplata clypeata: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3642; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137. Omoplata biplagiata Erichson, 1848: 575 (type probably in Berlin, not recovered). Omoplata marginata ab. biplagiata: Weise, 1921: 205; Spaeth, 1942 b: 28. Host plant: Asteraceae: Mikania stipulacea (Windsor et al., 1995). Distr.: Bolivia: Coroico; Brazil: Bahia, Rio de Janeiro; Ecuador: Napo; French Guyana; Guyana; Paraguay; Peru: Huallaga, Huanuco, Madre de Dios; Ukayali. confluens (Spaeth, 1926) n. comb. Omoplata confluens Spaeth, 1926 e: 20 (syntypes in Manchester and Warsaw, examined); Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wilcox, 1975: 151; Wêgrzynowicz and W¹sowska, 1996: 48. Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas.

9 ECHOMA ANAGLYPTA AND E. ANAGLYPTOIDES N. SP. 383 distincta (Boheman, 1854) n. comb. Omoplata distincta Boheman, 1854: 141 (syntypes in Stockholm, examined), 1856: 91, 1862: 226; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3643; Wagener, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wilcox, 1975: 151. Distr.: Guadeloupe and Martinique. quadristillata (Boheman, 1862) Omoplata quadristillata Boheman, 1862: 226 (type probably in Berlin, not recovered); Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3643; Wagener, 1881: 58; Champion, 1893: 160; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wilcox, 1975: 151; Maes and Staines, 1991: 48. Echoma quadristillata: Windsor et al., 1992: 389; Borowiec, 1996: 183. Distr.: Costa Rica: San Carlos; Nicaragua: Chontales; Panama. signata (Panzer, 1798) n. comb. Cassida signata Panzer, 1798: 78 (type unknown). Omoplata signata: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3643; Wagener, 1877: 53, 1881: 58; Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Cassida irrorata Fabricius, 1801: 406 (syntype in Copenhagen, not examined); Schoenherr, 1817: 227. Omoplata irrorata: Boheman, 1854: 143, 1856: 91, 1862: 227; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3643 (as syn.). Omoplata 4-maculata Voet: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3643 (nomen nudum). Distr.: Colombia: Fusagasugá, Medellin; French Guyana; N Brazil. Subgenus: Pseudomoplata Spaeth, 1952 weyenberghi (Dohrn, 1878) n. comb. Omoplata Weyenberghi Dohrn, 1878: 452 (holotype in Warsaw, examined); Spaeth, 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743; Wêgrzynowicz and W¹sowska, 1996: 48. Omoplata Weyenberghi var. Baeri: Spaeth, 1909 c: 384 (syntype in Manchester, examined), 1913 b: 137, 1914 g: 54; Blackwelder, 1946: 743. Distr.: Argentina: Tucuman. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. N. BERTI (Paris Museum) for her universal help during my stay in Paris Museum.

10 384 REFERENCES BLACKWELDER, R. E., Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America, part 4. Bull. Smithson. Inst. USNM, 185: BOHEMAN, C. H., Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus secundus. Holmiae, 506 pp. + 2 tab. -, Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part IX, Cassididae. London. -, Monographia Cassididarum. Tomus quartus. Holmiae, 504 pp. BOROWIEC, L., Faunistic records of Neotropical Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Pol. Pismo Ent., 65: CHAMPION, G. C., Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. VI. Part 2. Phytophaga. Cassididae and appendix to Hispidae. 1893: , 1894: , tab DEGEER, C., Mémoires pour sevir à l histoire des Insectes. V. Stockholm, 448 pp pl. DEJEAN, M., 1837b. Catalogue des coléoptères de la collection de M. le comte DEJEAN, 2nd édition. Paris, livr. 5, pp. DOHRN, C., Exotisches. Stettin. Entomol. Ztg., 39: ERICHSON, G.F., In: SCHOMBURGK R., Reisen in British-Guyana in den Jahren Im Aufrag Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen ausgeführt. Nebst einer Fauna und Flora Guiana's nach Vorlagen von Johannes MÜLLER, EHRENBERG, ERICHSON, KLOTZSCH, TROSCHEL, CABANIS und Andern. Thgeil III, Leipzig, pp. GEMMINGER, Dr., HAROLD, B. de, Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. Tom XII, Monachii, LXXIII pp. GOEZE, J. A. E., Entomologische Beyträge zu des Ritter Linne zwölfen Ausgabe des Natursystems. Erster Theil. Leipzig, XVI HERBST, J. F. W., Natursystem aller bekannten in+ und ausländischen Insekten, als eine Fortsetzung der von Büffonschen Naturgeschichte. Der Käfer achter Theil. Berlin, XVI+420 pp tab. HINCKS, W. D., The genera of the Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 103: HOPE, F.W., 1839[1840]. Observations on the tortoise or shield beetles, commonly denominated Cassida by LINNAEUS, with the characters of six new genera. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3: pl. MAES, J.-M., STAINES, C. L Catalogo de los Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) de Nicaragua. Rev. Nicaraguen. Entomol., 18: PANZER, G. W., Voets Beschreibungen und Abbildungen hartschaaligter Insecten, Coleoptera LINN. Aus dem Original getreu übersetzt, mit der in selbigem fehlenden Synonymie und beständigem Commentar versehen von Panzer. Th. 4, Erlangen, Palm, 112 pp. FABRICIUS, J. Ch., Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae, pp. -, Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. I. Hafniae, XX pp. -, Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. I. Hafniae, 1: XX pp, 2: 538 pp. -, Systema Eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. I. Kiliae, XXIV pp. LINNAEUS, C., Systema Naturae per regna tria nature, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. I, 2. Holmiae, OLIVIER, A. G., Encyclopédie Méthodique, Histoire Naturelle. Insectes. Tome cinquième. Paris, 368 pp.

11 ECHOMA ANAGLYPTA AND E. ANAGLYPTOIDES N. SP , Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Insectes, avec leur caractères géneriques et spécifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminée. Coléoptères, vol. VI. Paris pp. SPAETH, F., 1909 c. Beschreibung neuer Cassididen nebst synonymischen Bemerkungen. VII. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 59: , 1913 b. Kritische Studien über den Umfang und die Begrenzung mehrerer Cassiden-Gattungen nebst Beschreibung neuer amerikan. Arten. Archiv F. Naturges., 79: , 1914 g. Chrysomelidae: 16. Cassidinae. In: W. Junk, S. Schenkling, Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 62, Berlin, 182 pp. -, 1926 e. Beschreibung neuer Cassidinen, Bull. Mens. Soc. Nat. Luxemb., N.S., 20: 11-24, , 1942 b. Cassidinae (Col. Chrysom.). In: Beiträge zur Fauna Perus, 2: WAGENER, B., Cassididae. Mitt. München. Ent. Ver., 1: , Cassididae. Mitt. München. Ent. Ver., 5: WEISE, J., Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen Reise des Herrn Dr. A. ROMAN in Amazonas Chrysomelidae. Arkiv F. Zool., , 14: WÊGRZYNOWICZ, P., W SOWSKA, M., The type material of family Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS, Warsaw. Bull. Mus. Inst. Zool. PAS (suppl. to Ann. Zool. Warszawa), 1: WILCOX, J.A., Family 129. Chrysomelidae. In: R.H. ARNETT Jr., Checklist of the beetles of North and Central America and the West Indies. North American Beetle Fauna Series. Flora & Fauna Publications, Gainesville, 166 pp. WINDSOR, D.M., RILEY, E. G., STOCKWELL, H.P., An introduction to the biology and systematics of Panamanian Tortoise Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). In: D. QUINTERO, A. AIELLO, Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica, Selected studies. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, p WINDSOR, D.M., DE MACEDO, M.V., DE TOLEDO SIQUEIRA-CAMPOS, A., Flowers feeding by species of Echoma CHEVROLAT (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on Mikania (Asteraceae) in Panama and Brazil. Coleopt. Bull., 49: