Appendix 1. Taxonomy

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1 Appendix 1. Taxonomy Of the 49 species collected, 31 were confidently identified to species level using the resources available (Chapter 3, Section 3.2). Where taxonomic keys were not available, or where the specimens were too damaged for accurate verification, the specimens were recorded to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Where the prominent distinguishing features among these specimens were recorded they have been included in this appendix. However, for many individuals the taxonomic grouping was determined through comparison of unknowns in one final sitting at the microscope, ensuring that they all had similar features, with no obvious exceptions. A second opinion from another taxonomically trained colleague (Rebecca Aspden) was sought whilst doing these comparisons to minimise the risk of missing key distinguishing features. As far as possible, representatives from each species (or group) were photographed. The intention of this was to create a macrofauna catalogue where photographs and the distinguishing features could be amalgamated into one useful resource. The catalogue has been included in this appendix, however it does not yet contain the full range of taxonomic groups or species, nor the accompanying descriptions and features. It is currently a work in progress but those interested in utilising it are welcomed to contact the author for an updated version or clarification. Additionally, reference collections were established and are currently located in the Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology at Rhodes University, South Africa, and in the Sediment Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute at the University of St Andrews, Scotland.

2 Taxonomic notes Orbina B Only buccal segment is achaeteous. Lamella from segment 4. No hooks. Thoracic section flattened, abdomen more rounded. Orbiniidae A Flail setae in abdominal neuropodia. Forked setae in abdominal notopodia. Branchiae from 6 th setiger. Three rows of thoracic hooks present in neuropodia. Cumacean A Periopods 3 and 4 in females have rudimentary exopods. Males had well developed exopods on periopods 1 and 2. Telsonic somite not produced Male with 5 pairs of smooth pleopods No freely articulated telson. Cumacean B Much more robust than Cumacean A. Hairs present on the pleopods. Spines present on the uropods. Eurydice sp nov. Antenna 2 not extending to Pereon 5 Coxae not produced.

3 Basuto sp nov. Lacking an exaggerated spoon shaped propodus. Anteriorly produced coxae 1 that extends under the jaw, more so than G. latipes. Exosphaeromatidae sp. Distinctly produced telson and pereonite VII has an elongate process (occasionally) Classification into feeding type and developmental mode were based on the species, if literature was available, or using broad characteristics of higher taxonomic levels (see below). The aim of the functional analyses in this thesis was to determine, broadly, if upwelling was influencing one feeding group or developmental mode more so than another. Conflict exists in the literature surrounding the preferred method of feeding for some of the taxa particularly when the characteristics were determined using higher taxonomic levels, however, the allocation of feeding type or reproductive mode was made a priori using the information available at the time and the best judgement of the author so there was no bias toward a particular result in the analyses. References used in addition to those stated in Chapter 3, Section 3.2. Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M.L. and Beckley, L. E. (2010) Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, South Africa, pp 456. Brown, A. C., Stenton-Dozey, J. M. E. and Trueman, E. R. (1989). Sandy-beach bivalves and gastropods: A comparison between Donax serra and Bulia digitalis. Advances in Marine Biology, 25:

4 Fauchauld, K. and Jumars, P.A. (1979). The diet of worms: A study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 17: Genus traits hand book: McLachlan, A., and Brown, A. C. (2006). The ecology of sandy shores. Second edition. Academic Press, Burlington, MA, USA, pp Speybroeck, J., Alsteens, L., Vincx, M., and Degraer, S. (2007). Understanding the life of a sandy beach polychaete of functional importance Scolelepis squamata (Polychaetea: Spionidae) on Belgian sandy beaches (north eastern Atlantic, North Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 74: Webb, P., Perissinotto, R., and Wooldridge, T.H. (1988). Diet and feeding of Gastrosaccus psammodytes (Crustacea, Mysidacea) with special reference to the surf diatom Anaulus birostratus. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 45:

5 A.i.caerulea

6 Decapod juvenile, Birah River

7 G. benguellana

8 G. incerta

9 L.tetraura

10 N. capense laddered setae Anterior foot

11 Mid-body foot Genticulate setae N. capense Posterior foot

12 Posterior Anterior, ventral Orbina B Anterior, dorsal

13 Orbiniidae A

14 E. latipes

15 S. capense

16 T. granulatus

17 Exosphaeroma sp.

18 B. cunctator

19 Caprellid sp.

20 Cirratulid sp.

21 Cumacean A female

22 Cumacean A male

23 Cumacean B

24 Syllidae sp.

25 E.kensleyi

26 E.natalensis

27 G. convoluta

28 G. latipes

29 G. psammodytes

30 S. squamata

31 Nemertean

32 Polychaete Z Polychaete X

33 Emerita sp.

34 M. longimanus

35 I.herdmani

36 P. longimanus

37 T. capensis Amphipod B

38 U.coxalis

39 U. pinnata

40 Exosphaeroma sp.

41 E. longicornis

A NEW AUSTROSQUILLA (STOMATOPODA) FROM THE

A NEW AUSTROSQUILLA (STOMATOPODA) FROM THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS BY ALAIN MICHEL Centre O.R.S.T.O.M., Noumea, New Caledonia and RAYMOND B. MANNING Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. The At s,tstrosqzlilla