Echinodermata. BIO3334 Invertebrate Zoology. Page 1. Phylum Echinodermata. Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species. Dipleurula larva.

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1 Phylum Adrian Pingstone 1 Deuterostomia Blastopore becomes the anus Tripartite coelom Dipleurula larval stage Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Hemichordata Chordata Dipleurula larva Preoral lobe Ciliated oral field Ciliated band Esophagous Stomach 3 Extant Animalia ~1,300,000 species Parazoa (1.2%) Radiata (0.9%) Protostomia (3.9%) Platyzoa (2.2%) Platyhelminthes (1.9%) Others (0.3%) Lophotrochozoa (9.8%) Mollusca (8.5%) Annelida (0.9%) Others (0.5%) Ecdysozoa (82.0%) Crustecea (3.1%) Chelicerata (7.6%) Atelocerata(70.3%) Others (1.1%) Deuterostomia (4.0%) Chordata (3.5%) Others (0.4%) 4 Star fish Basket stars NOAA, David Burdick 5 NOAA 6 Page 1

2 Brittle stars Sea urchins 7 NOAA, David Burdick 8 Sand dollars Sea cucumber 9 NOAA, Jan Haaga 10 Pentaradiate symmetry Water vascular system Mutable connective tissue Stereom spicules Porifera Placozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida Cycliophora Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Sipuncula Nemertea Bryozoa Brachiopoda Phoronida Arthropoda Onychophora Tardigrada Nematomorpha Nematoda Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Hemichordata Chordata Pentaradiate symmetry 12 Page 2

3 Echinoderm surfaces Role of the water vascular system Tube feet in the ambulacral groove Locomotion Circulation Respiration Excretion Aboral surface Oral surface Water vascular system Water vascular system Madreporite Ambulacral groove Stone canal Tiedemann s bodies Polian vesicles Ring canal Radial canal Lateral canal Tube feet Tube feet region Ambulacral spines Dermal spines Stereom ossciles Colin Sumrall Crinoidea Arms with gonads inside Open ciliated grooves for feeding Loss of external madreporite Page 3

4 Ancient Echinoderms Ancestral echinoderms Karen Carr Crinoidea Sea lilies and feathers Crinoidea Pinnule Pinnules Tegmen Calyx Stalk Cirri Podium (tube foot) Food groove Radial canal Muscle Ossicle Crinoidea Central disk Crinoidea Central disk Food groove Tegmen Coelom Intestine Pinnule Page 4

5 Symplesiomorphies Oral surface oriented down toward substrate Errant life style using tube feet with suckers Madreporite between C and D Tube foot Ampulla Lateral canal Body wall Tube foot Retractor muscles Podial muscle Sucker Symplesiomophies Five distinct arms create a star-shaped body Five arms broadly connected to a central disk Diversity Body wall - pedicellaria NOAA, David Burdick Spine Pedicellaria Cilia Dermal branchia Nick Hobgood NOAA, Andrew David Page 5

6 Body wall - pedicellaria Feeding NOAA, David Burdick Digestive system Digestive system Pyloric stomach Pyloric stomach Cardiac stomach Digestive gland Cardiac stomach Pyloric cecum Reproductive system Arm Dermal branchia Pedicellaria Ossicle Spine Digestive gland Coelom Tube foot Page 6

7 Ophiuroidea Brittle stars and basket stars Ophiuroidea Arms delineated from central disc Arms articulated and vertebrae-like No anus Madreporite on oral side Ophiuroidea Brittle star Ophiuroidea Brittle star Vertebra Stomach Bursa Bursal slit Jaw Madreporite Ophiuroidea Visual system? Symplesiomorphies Nature : Ambulacral grooves extend from oral to aboral sides Aboral surface reduced to region around the anus Ring of ossicles around pharynx 42 Page 7

8 Sea urchins NOAA, David Burdick Skeletal plates fused in a spherical or disc shape. Aristotle s lantern 43 Kirt L. Onthank Nick Hobgood 44 Echinoid spines and pedicellaria Oral surface Gill Ambulacrum Openings for tube feet Teeth of lantern Peristomial membrane Aristotle s lantern Aristotle s lantern Tooth Pyramid Epiphysis Tooth Pyramid Lantern retractor Compass Epiphysis Lantern protractor Dental sac that forms tooth Page 8

9 Aristotle s lantern Dental sac Compass Digestive system Aboral intestine Esophagus Aristotle s lantern Tooth Pyramid Muscle Siphon Peripharyngeal coelom Gill Tube feet Peristomial membrane Oral intestine Water vascular system Madreporite Axial organ Sand dollars Ring canal Radial canal Tube feet 51 Carolina 52 Sand dollar Sand dollar feeding Gonopore Madreporite Spines Ambulacral region Lunule Podia Food groove Podia Page 9

10 Holothuroidea Sea cucumber Holothuroidea Skeletal plates reduces and embedded in thick dermis Internal madreporite Body elongagted along oral aboral axis Respiratory trees 55 Marrabbio2 NOAA, Bradley Stevens and Eric Munk 56 Sea cucumber Sea cucumber Tentacles Buccal cavity Madreporite Cloaca Tentacular ampulla Ring canal Polian vesicle Intestine Respiratory tree Esophagus Hemal system Cloaca Polian vesicle Respiratory tree Intestine Nick Hobgood Sea cucumber Cuvierian tubes Respiratory tree Intestine Cloaca 59 Page 10