Agter die kap van die byl

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1 FOKUS OP Agter die kap van die byl Almal weet dat stoetboerdery groot insette en tyd verg. Rekordhouding is noodsaaklik sodat die beste diere uit die beste teellyne geïdentifiseer kan word. Met hulpmiddels soos toegepaste rekenaarprogramme, teeltwaardes en genomika word die taak van die stoetteler geweldig vergemaklik. Verder is algemene bestuur soos voedingstegnologie van so n aard dat elke dier tot sy optimale potensiaal aangewend kan word. Stoetteling bly inderdaad n lewenstaak. Binne hierdie konteks het SA Stoetteler aan Pierre van Rooyen, SA Stamboek se grootbaas, gevra hoe die vereniging waarde toevoeg tot die stoettelingsbedryf. SA Stoetteler: Wat is die voordeel wat n veeboer kry as hy sy kudde deur middel van beproefde genetika verbeter? Pierre van Rooyen: Produksiediere verteenwoordig n reeks genetiese eienskappe wat in sekere produksie-eienskappe uitgedruk word. Hierdie eienskappe bepaal hoe doeltreffend n betrokke dier wins vir die boer kan bewerkstellig. Dit sluit in vrugbaarheid, groeivermoë, doeltreffendheid van voerbenutting, melkproduksie, wolproduksie, funksionele doeltreffendheid, aanpasbaarheid, ens. In die eerste plek moet n manlike teeldier die vermoë hê om in n spesifieke omgewing die vroulike diere wat aan hom gegee word, dragtig te kry sonder dat hy gepamperlang hoef te word. n Vroulike dier moet die vermoë hê om onder die omstandighede van n spesifieke plaas waar sy loop, klokslag dragtig te raak, te reproduseer en aanvaarbaar te produseer. As aan hierdie basiese vereiste voldoen is, is die tweede vereiste dat die nageslag wat gebore word vir die boer sal geld maak. Om vleisbeeste as voorbeeld te gebruik, is dit onteenseglik so dat sekere koeie onder dieselfde omstandighede swaarder kalwers speen as ander en dat sekere koeie met minder voer klaarkom as ander. Hierdie is genetiese faktore wat gemeet kan word en op grond waarvan die diere op n plaas in n rangorde van prestasie geplaas kan word. As n mens boonop n rekord het van hoe die diere se voorouers presteer het, kan jy n betekenisvolle prentjie bou van die waarde van n individuele dier en watter invloed dit op jou kudde sal hê. In die eerste plek moet n manlike teeldier die vermoë hê om in n spesifieke omgewing die vroulike diere wat aan hom gegee word, dragtig te kry sonder dat hy gepamperlang hoef te word. Daar is egter n tweede, uiters belangrike aspek, en dit gaan oor die beoordeling van funksionele doeltreffendheid. Hoe goed is n spesifieke dier in staat om onder die omstandighede waarin hy of sy aangehou word te presteer? Is sy raamgrootte funksioneel? Is sy loopvermoë voldoende? Kan hy koue of hitte weerstaan? Hoe kwesbaar is hy vir bosluise? Is sy geslagsorgane korrek? Is sy bek funksioneel om voldoende voer in te neem? Hierdie eienskappe word met die oog geëvalueer en is net so belangrik soos die teeltwaardes wat op grond van herkoms en produksiemeting gegenereer word. Met hierdie inligting kan n mens dus geslag na geslag diere selekteer wat op jou plaas optimaal wins kan genereer. Al bogenoemde eienskappe word deur die toegewyde stoetteler gemeet, aangeteken en geëvalueer. Deur diere wat op hierdie wyse geteel is in jou kudde te gebruik, maak jy van beproefde genetika gebruik met die groot voordeel dat raaiwerk uitgeskakel en risiko s beperk word. SA Stoetteler: Hierdie beginsel geld vir alle produksiediere. SA Stamboek het egter ook perde- en honderasse in sy geledere. Hoe werk prestasiemeting by hulle? Pierre van Rooyen: Wat perde en honde betref, is die fokus baie sterk op funksionele doeltreffendheid. Die meeste rasgenootskappe het rasstandaarde waaraan alle nageslag wat in die stamboek opgeneem wil word, moet voldoen. 7

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3 FOKUS OP... GESELSKAPDIERE Dit sluit aspekte in soos tipe, bouvormeienskappe en beweging. Hoewel hierdie inspeksies nie totaal objektief is nie, word die eienskappe deur opgeleide keurders geëvalueer en bestaan genoeg kennis, wat met jarelange ondervinding opgebou is, om te weet wat die verband tussen bouvorm en funksionaliteit is. SA Stamboek hanteer vleisbeeste, melkbeeste, skape, bokke, perde, honde, alpakkas en wild. As registrerende owerheid is die primêre aantekening wat ons doen ouerskap, geboortes en eienaarskap. Natuurlik is die ideaal dat ons ook prestasie by hierdie rasse meet, en by perde is daar verskeie rasgenootskappe wat reeds skouprestasies aanteken. Hieruit is dit duidelik dat sekere lyne beter op skoue presteer as ander. Omdat die omgewing, waarby afrigting seker die grootste rol speel, egter so n groot invloed op beide perde en honde se prestasie het, is dit beslis moeiliker om prestasie te meet en sinvol te interpreteer. Dit is egter moontlik om vir beide honde en perde liniêre klassifikasie vir verskeie eienskappe te doen en dan ook teeltwaardes vir daardie eienskappe te bereken. Verder kan teeltwaardes ook bereken word vir enige eienskap wat redelik akkuraat gemeet kan word. Natuurlik word hierdie spesies in n wye verskeidenheid van aktiwiteite aangewend, en sal die meting dus spesifiek op hierdie verskillende aktiwiteite gerig moet wees. Skouprestasie sal byvoorbeeld nutteloos wees vir n uithourit-perd en andersom. SA Stoetteler: Watter spesies word deur SA Stamboek hanteer? Pierre van Rooyen: SA Stamboek hanteer vleisbeeste, melkbeeste, skape, bokke, perde, varke, honde, alpakkas en wild. As registrerende owerheid is die primêre aantekening wat ons doen ouerskap, geboortes en eienaarskap. Dit is die fondasie waarop verdere aantekening, soos produksie-aantekening, gebaseer is. By elke nuwe geboorte wat aangeteken word, moet n unieke identifikasie aan daardie dier toegeken word. Die dier moet ook n pa en ma op rekord hê, en dit is noodsaaklik dat eienaarskap van hierdie diere bevestig is. Nadat aan hierdie basiese vereistes voldoen is, raak die aantekening meer spesiespesifiek. Geboortegewig en speengewig is byvoorbeeld baie minder belangrik by melkbeeste as by vleisbeeste, en veseldikte is slegs by wolskape, Angorabokke en alpakkas belangrik. Dis belangrik dat ek hier beklemtoon dat, hoewel ons tans by honde nie ander aantekeninge doen nie, ons wel gereed is om dit te doen. Dieselfde geld vir perde. Ons teken wel skouresultate aan, maar ons is gereed om enige ander vorm van gestandaardiseerde meting aan te teken. SA Stoetteler: Wat is die moontlikheid dat julle ander spesies, soos hoenders en katte, ook sal inneem? Pierre van Rooyen: Ons kan enige dier aanteken as die behoefte daarvoor bestaan. Ons het byvoorbeeld onlangs navraag gehad van mense wat marmotte teel. Die vereiste is egter dat, voor ons registrasiesertifikate kan uitreik, die betrokke dier eers deur die registrateur van diereverbetering as ras verklaar moet word. Verder help dit nie dat net een of twee telers aantekeninge gedoen wil hê nie. As n groep telers egter saamstaan en die populasie is groot genoeg, kan ons sinvolle aantekening doen. Wat honde betref, is die volgende telersgenootskappe reeds by ons geregistreer: Die SA Boerboel-telersgenootskap, United Greyhound, die Federasie van Bokserklubs en die SA Boerwindhond-vereniging. Van al die verklaarde perderasse in die land is slegs twee, naamlik Volbloed- en Warmbloed-perde, nie onder ons dak nie. SA Stoetteler: Waar pas die Kennel Union of South Africa (KUSA) in die prentjie? Pierre van Rooyen: KUSA is nie n geregistreerde registrerende owerheid nie en val nie onder die Wet op Diereverbetering nie. Slegs verklaarde rasse wat in die Staatskoerant afgekondig is, val onder die Wet op Diereverbetering. Hierdie rasse kan óf as n direkte inskrywingsras óf deur middel van n telersgenootskap by SA Stamboek registreer. Volgens die wet kan diere van n verklaarde ras waarvoor nog nie n telersgenootskap geregistreer is nie, slegs by SA Stamboek geregistreer word. Die telers van n verklaarde ras kan aansoek doen om n telersgenootskap te stig sodra sewe telers met die betrokke ras teel. Volgens die Wet op Diereverbetering kan daar slegs een telersgenootskap per ras wees en kan slegs diere wat deur daardie spesifieke telersgenootskap by 'n registrerende owerheid geregistreer is as rasegte diere beskou word. Omdat KUSA nie n registrerende owerheid is nie, kan telers van dieselfde ras wat by KUSA aanteken verskillende groepe vorm en niemand kan hulle keer nie. Hierdie telers het geen beskerming onder die Wet op Diereverbetering nie. Om dus n ras se eienskappe te koester, is dit noodsaaklik om n wettige telersgenootskap met reëls te hê. SA Stoetteler: Kan n mens meet of dit n ras baat om by SA Stamboek geregistreer te wees? Pierre van Rooyen: Om n ras te regverdig, moet die ras spesifieke unieke eienskappe hê. Dit is dan die plig van die betrokke telersgenootskap om hierdie unieke eienskappe in stand te hou en te verbeter. As n ras nie in n wettige telersgenootskap met n grondwet en rasstandaarde gestruktureer is nie, gaan dit oor n baie kort tydperk nie meer bestaan nie. Die kanse is te groot dat elke teler sy eie rigting sal inslaan en teling sal doen soos hy dink dit moet wees. Om dus n ras se eienskappe te koester, is dit noodsaaklik om n wettige telersgenootskap met reëls te hê. SA Stamboek het meer as 110 jaar se ervaring, kundigheid en stelsels opgebou wat aan internasionale wetenskaplike standaarde voldoen om waarde tot stoetteling toe te voeg. SB 9

4 Deur Izak Hofmeyr Dries Wiese van die plaas Kasteel by Loxton in die Karoo is n stoetteler in murg en been. Reeds van kleins af is hy gefassineer deur wat gebeur as n mens spesifieke manlike en vroulike diere bymekaar sit. Hy is al lank by Saalperde betrokke en was nog baie klein toe sy pa, Hentie, vir hom n Saalperdmerrie gekoop het. Dries het vanjaar die SA Stamboek Elite-toekenning ontvang vir die perdestoet wat die beste geadministreer word. Ek het van kleins af n liefde vir perde Die merrievul Lady of Light was vanjaar die reserwekampioen-merrievul, een jaar oud, tydens die nasionale kampioenskappe. 10 gehad en my pa het vir my n merrie met die naam Mary Poppins op die Kareeberg Saalperd-uitverkoping van Gerrit van Schalkwyk gekoop. Op daardie stadium was sy n baie bekende teelmerrie en dit was juis as gevolg van my belangstelling in teling dat hy dié merrie vir my gekoop het. Terwyl hy op skool was, het hy verskeie vullens uit haar geteel sodat hy, toe hy na sy militêre diensplig in 1981 plaas toe kom, n kudde van twaalf perde gehad het. Soos wat die boerdery egter sy aandag in beslag geneem het, het hy al sy perde verkoop en eers weer in 2008 teelmerries aangekoop. Kasteel Saalperdstoet Ek het vir Hugo Visser gevra om vir my vyf top teelmerries in die hande te kry. Hy het toe vyf teelmerries by Johan Kotze van Bethulie uitgesoek, en in 2011 het ek nog tien merries en n hings met die naam Pride and Glory by Pieter Jacobs van Fauresmith gekoop. Nadat ek n paar vullens van Pride and Glory gekry het, het ek hom verkoop en die hings The Xtreme, wat deur Jack Schoeman van Philippolis geteel is, gekoop. The Xtreme is n seun van die hings Star Walker, wat na Amerika uitgevoer is. Vandag bestaan die Kasteel Saalperdstoet uit 17 teelmerries, en afgesien van The Xtreme wat hy intensief gebruik, neem hy ook merries na ander, geselekteerde hingste vir dekkings. Ek dink ek het tot nou toe uitstekend met my perde gevaar. Vanjaar was een van my jong merries die reserwesiertuigkampioen met natuurlike maanhare en stert op die nasionale kampioenskappe in Bloemfontein, en n ander vul was die reserwekampioen vir jaaroud-vullens aan die hand. As n mens in ag neem hoe kort ek nou maar weer terug is in die teling van perde, is dit vir my n groot prestasie. Doelwit met bemarking Dries besef dat hy nie genoeg skou om werklik sy perde te bemark nie, en dit is ook vir hom te duur om sy perde na afrigters te stuur. Sy plan is egter heel anders. Ek het n afrigter in diens wat die jong perde basies afrig en skougereed maak, maar my bemarkingstrategie is eintlik daarop gemik om in te skakel by ons jaarlikse produksieveiling in September, waar ons diere uit ons Dorper-, Wit Dorperen Boerbokstoeterye te koop aanbied. Op hierdie veiling stel ek dan tien tot twaalf vullens beskikbaar, en daar is geen reserweprys op hulle nie. Sy strategie is dat die perde, as hulle so goed is as wat hy van mening is hulle is, in die hande van hulle nuwe eienaars tog op skoue sal presteer. Daardie prestasies behoort dan ander kopers aan te spoor om vir hulle ook jong perde op die veiling te kom koop. As my perde so goed is as wat ek dink hulle is, sal hierdie bemarkingstrategie sneeubal en sal die belangstelling in my perde toeneem. Om sy strategie te bevestig, het hy op die eerste veiling van sy perde n jong

5 OP BESOEK... merrie vir R9 000 aan Dawie Roodt en Willem Basson van die Efficient Groep verkoop. n Maand later het hulle haar vir R verkoop. Dit, sê hy, is mos n goeie belegging! Sy strategie is dat die perde, as hulle so goed is as wat hy van mening is hulle is, in die hande van hulle nuwe eienaars tog op skoue sal presteer. Gevestigde bloedlyne In die teelbedryf is daar verskeie benaderings, soos lynteling, inteling en uitkruising. Dries is baie lief vir die Commander in Chief-, Indiana Ace- en Sultan-lyne, en dit is na hierdie lyne wat hy in n lynteelprogram probeer terugteel. Hierdie is baie ou lyne en dis opmerklik dat die perde in die land wat presteer baie na hulle terugslaan. Van die eerste vyf merries waarmee ek begin het was drie uit Trojan, terwyl die merries wat ek by Pieter Jacobs gekoop het weer in n groot mate uit Scandal s Last Tango en Time for Action kom. Time for Action was baie hoog op die hings-ranglys, en hy het baie mooi vullens geteel wat die oog vang en besondere werksvermoë en groot harte het. Sy huidige merriekudde bestaan tot n groot mate uit Time for Action-bloed. By The Extreme, aan die ander kant, kom Commander in Chief twee keer in sy stamboom voor in sy moeder- sowel as in sy vaarlyn. Sy vaar, Starwalker, het ontsettende werksvermoë en aksie gehad. Wat ek in my kudde het, is n kombinasie van perde wat die oog vang met werksvermoë en aksie. As hy n hings van buite vir n spesifieke merrie selekteer, weeg werksvermoë baie swaar as kriterium. Daarmee saam kyk hy na bewese bloedlyne. As jy na die huidige presteerders in die land kyk, kan hulle almal aan drie bloedlyne gekoppel word die Sultans, die Indiana Aces en die Commander in Chiefs. En hulle is ook maar weer aan mekaar gekoppel. Werksvermoë, aksie en skoonheid Lynteling word gebruik om sekere eienskappe vas te lê, en dit is wat hy probeer bereik met sy teelprogram. Jy kan uitkruising gebruik om n uitstekende perd te teel wat baie goed presteer, maar as teeldier sal hy nege uit tien keer nie so goed wees nie, juis omdat daardie goeie eienskappe nie so goed in sy gene vasgelê is nie. My mikpunt is om die eienskappe van werksvermoë, aksie en skoonheid in my kudde vas te lê Dries Wiese en sy vrou, Myalan. Myalan is n integrale deel van die Kasteel Saalperdstoet. sodat daardie eienskappe met redelike voorspelbaarheid in die nageslag sal uitkom. Hoewel sy produksiestelsel van so n aard is dat hy nie eintlik volwasse perde beskikbaar het om op die plaas te gebruik nie, voel Dries baie sterk daaroor dat die Saalperd nie bloot as n skouperd gesien moet word nie. Die Saalperd is eintlik n besonder veelsydige perd en hulle blink in n wye verskeidenheid aktiwiteite uit. Verder is hulle baie gemaklike ryperde met hul vloeiende beweging. Streng administrasie In stoetteling is akkurate rekordhouding die pilaar waarop alles gebou word. Hiermee is SA Stamboek se Logixaantekeningstelsel 'n groot hulp. Dries glo as dit nie in plek is nie, bluf jy jouself. Dis waarom hy baie streng is met die administrasie van sy stoet. Ons bedryf n hele paar stoeterye, en ek glo dat daar geen verskoning is om nie jou rekordhouding absoluut noukeurig in plek te hou nie. Jy kan jouself nie n stoetteler noem as jy nie absoluut puntenerig daarop is en alles nie presies in plek is nie. Die merrie Just Glory, wat vanjaar as reserwekampioen in die siertuigklas vir merries oor vyf jaar met natuurlike maanhaar en stert tydens die nasionale kampioenskappe in Bloemfontein aangewys is. Vir meer inligting, skakel Dries Wiese by SB 11

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7 By Marike Brits OP BESOEK... Sheep dog trials held on specially designed courses have, among other things, the purpose of identifying the best dogs to be used in breeding. Sheep dogs play a very important role on sheep farms. I believe farmers should make an effort to learn more about the use and handling of sheep dogs, and should also equip their workers with this knowledge. These are the words of Henry van der Merwe, a sheep farmer, sheep dog breeder and champion trainer. Visiting him on the family sheep farm, Klipfontein, near Sutherland in the Northern Cape, one is quickly convinced of the labour contribution sheep dogs can make on a working sheep farm. Farm workers work hard every day, but give the same hardworking farm worker a well-trained dog to work with and the value of his work in terms of efficiency is more than doubled. The workers realise and appreciate the value of these dogs, he explains. The fact is that, if used correctly, sheep dogs can truly lighten the labour load on a sheep farm, as large herds can be handled with only a few hands. A long journey Henry has been training and breeding sheep dogs and competing in trials since 1982, after returning to the family farm to join his father in I immediately fell in love with the sport and was successful from the beginning, he says. I love to work with the dogs, and the excitement and competition always push you to improve your passion. And don t forget, it keeps you active! Over the years, Henry has collected many accolades in the sheep dog trial community. Various competitions are held throughout the year, and at each competition the dogs receive points according to the position achieved. These points are totalled and the dog with the highest total in all the competitions is named dog of the year. Henry proudly explains that he and his dogs have achieved this award ten times over the years and that he was the champion in nine national sheep dog championships. I was also part of the South African team that represented South Africa for the first time at the World Sheepdog Trials in September last year, he says. He explains that competitions are held more often in countries such as Whales, Scotland, America, New Zealand and Australia than in South Africa, as it is a very popular sport in many of these countries. However, our best dogs and handlers compare very well to the best from these countries. This is despite the fact that we have much lower representation in competitions, he adds. Henry motivates that a structured effort is required to promote the use of sheep dogs on farms, as well as competitive sheep dog handling. It is important that farmers are made aware of the potential of sheep dogs. I was first introduced to sheep dog training and handling through a sheep dog workshop presented by Rob Phillip at Elsenburg Agricultural College years ago. I believe presenting such workshops across the country can have a meaningful impact in this regard, says Henry. The first trial Henry says legend has it that the first sheep dog competition, which was held in Whales in approximately 1876, was held after a couple of sheep herders were quarrelling over whose dog was the best while having a drink at the pub. They had to settle it and decided to build a course on which their dogs could be compared and the best dog 13

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9 AT HOME WITH... could be identified in a fair manner. Today the same course is basically still used. The course requires sheep dogs to collect the sheep, herd them through gates, split the herd and herd certain sheep into a small enclosure. This is exactly what we have to do in a competition these days, he says. Building a relationship When starting a puppy s training, the first and most important priority is to build a relationship with the puppy. It is important to raise the puppy with love, respect and discipline, as you would raise a child. A very strong bond and excellent obedience must exist between dog and handler/trainer before training can commence. He further explains that he chooses not to start a dog s training before it reaches the age of six months, and that you can even wait until the dog is one year old before starting the training. Furthermore, it is crucial that the dog is well socialised. Especially if you plan to compete in sheep dog trials, the dog has to get used to other dogs, people and large sheep herds. As soon as the training starts, the dog is taught to control a sheep herd through basic commands from the handler. The basic commands are to go to the left of the herd, to the right of the herd, to stop, to herd the sheep or to return. Other commands such as look back, when the dog has left one sheep behind, or slow down can also be used, he explains. According to Henry, a dog can be used for simple sheep-handling tasks Thomas demonstrates discipline in waiting for the perfect moment while herding sheep. on the farm as soon as he demonstrates confidence in his training, but dogs are usually not ready for competitions before they are two years old. The official sheep dog trials held around the world have brought great improvement in sheep dog breeding. Through the years, only dogs that achieve accolades at trials were used in breeding, says Henry. Trials are used as a way to identify the best dogs, and great improvement in the quality of dogs has been seen in the century since the first trial was held. Furthermore, specific qualities are required from top-quality sheep dogs. It is important that the dog is not scared of the sheep or aggressive, and can impose his authority through respect and self-confidence. Henry says the only reason to disqualify a dog from becoming a sheep dog is a lack of natural shepherd s instinct. I would rather have a dog being too eager Henry van der Merwe with Lass and Thomas. when he is first introduced to the sheep, than having to encourage a sheep-shy dog to have authority over the sheep, he explains. It is crucial that the dogs are not aggressive towards the sheep. A dog that bites or wants to bite the sheep, will immediately be disqualified from a trial as this creates fear rather than respect. The most important aspect to remember, is the fact that the trainer has an immense responsibility when working with the dogs. These dogs have great potential, and in the right hands can be trained to be a wonderful asset on the farm. However, a monster can be created in the wrong hands, warns Henry. For more information on sheep dog handling and trading in South Africa, phone Henry on or visit the website SB 15

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