BIOLOGY: ADAPTATION IN ANIMALS. 22. Q1.) List three things that animals need in order to survive? (3)

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1 BIOLOGY: ADAPTATION IN ANIMALS 22. Q1.) List three things that animals need in order to survive? (3) A1.) Food, water, & oxygen. 22. Q2.) What are the three things animals compete for? (3) A2.) Food, territory and mates. 22. Q3.) Distinguish between carnivores and herbivores and how are their teeth adapted for this purpose? (4) A3.) Carnivores eat meat- so they have teeth adapted for tearing flesh or crushing bones. Herbivores eat plants- so they have teeth for grinding up plant cells. 22. Q4.) How do animals compete for food? (4) A4.) Herbivores feed on many types of plant, many different species of herbivores will eat all the small plants. Competition is common among carnivores. They compete for prey. So the animals which are best adapted to the area will be the most successful. Carnivores also have to compete within their own species. They have long legs for running and sharp eyes to spot prey. Some animals have poisons- which kills the prey. Poison arrow frogs are a good example. 22. Q5.) How does a large body surface area help animals in the Arctic preserve their body heat? Explain in full. (5) A5.) The amount of energy lost is closely linked to your surface area: volume (SA:V) ratio. Artic animals like seals, whales, polar bears are quite large. The ratio of these surface area to volume falls as objects get bigger. The larger the surface area: volume ratio, the larger the rate of the rate of energy loss. Mammals in a cold climate grow to a large size. This keeps their SA:volume ratio as small as possible and so helps them hold on to their body heat. 22. Q6.) Explain in detail, some of the others adaptations of animals in cold climates. (8) A6.) The surface area of the thinly skinned areas of their bodies, like their ears, is usually very small. This reduces their energy loss. Many Arctic animals also have plenty of insulation, both inside and out. Inside they have blubber (a thick layer of fat that builds up under the skin). On the outside, a thick fur coat will insulate an animal very effectively. These adaptations really reduce the amount of energy lost through their skin. The fat layer also provides a food supply. Animals often build up their fat in the summer. Then they can live off their body fat through the winter when there is almost no food. Camouflage is important. Many Arctic animals, including Arctic Fox, have hare and the stoat, have grey or brown summer coats that change to pure white in the winter. Polar bears, are not white, and do not change colour.

2 17. Q7.) Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks: large feet; white fur; small ears; thick fur. (4). insulates the fox.. provides camouflage.. reduces surface area to reduce heat loss. allows the fox to walk easily on the snow. A7.) Thick fur; white fur; small ears; large feet. 17. Q8.) This question is about penguins that live in Antarctic. Penguins are good swimmers and feed on fish. They lay their eggs on land and carry them with their feet. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks: streamlined body; large wide feet; oily feather; thick layer of fat under the skin. (4).. prevents the penguins from become waterlogged when swimming. helps the penguin to carry the eggs on land.. helps to reduce resistance when the penguins are swimming. helps the penguins to survive the cold conditions of the land and sea. A8.) Large wide feet; oily feathers; streamlined body; thick layer of fat under the skin. 17. Q9.) The following question is about polar bears. Using the following words, complete the sentences below: black skin; small ears; thick fur; white fur. (4) The polar bear is camouflaged by its... Its surface area is reduced by having. The polar bear is insulated by air trapped in its.. Heat from the sun is absorbed by its... A9.) White fur; small ears; thick fur; black skin. 18. Q10.) Which of the following is not an adaptation to living in arctic conditions? (1) A = White fur of polar bears; B = Thick layer of body fat in seals; C = Small ears of arctic foxes; D = Large wings of birds. A10.) D 22. Q11.) What two things do animals need to adapt to, in order to survive in dry climates? (2) A11.) Coping with the lack of water & stopping body temperature from getting too high. 22. Q12.) Explain, in full, the adaptations for survival in dry climates. (8) A12.) They change their behaviour to keep cool- they are most active during the early morning and late evening, when it is not so hot. During the cold nights and heat of the day they rest in burrows where the temperature doesn t change much. Mammals keep their body temperatures the same all

3 the time. So, as the environment gets hotter, they have to find ways of keeping cool. Sweating means they lose water, which is not easy to replace in the desert. Many desert animals are quite small, so their surface area is large compared to their volume. This helps them to lose heat through their skin. They often have large, thin ears, to increase their surface area for losing energy. They have little body fat stored under the skin- these features make it easier for them to lose energy through the surface of the skin. 17. Q13.) Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks: herbivore; territory; competition; carnivore. (4).. is an animal that eats meat. is the way that animals compete with each other for food, water, space and mates.. is an animal that eats plants.. is an area where an animal lives and feeds. A13.) Carnivore; competition; herbivore; territory 17. Q14.) Match the corresponding sentences. (4) A = The camel s stomach can hold 200 litres of water; B = The camel produces little urine and does not sweat; C = Camels store fat in a hump; D = Camels can withstand an increase in body temperature of 9ᵒ without harm. 1 = Camels lose very little water each day; 2 = It is unlikely for a camel to die from being overheated; 3 = Camels can go without drinking water for several days; 4 = Camels can go without food for several days. A14.) A = 3; B = 1; C = 4; D = Q15.) Wild camels often live in desert areas which are hot during the day and cold at night. They may have to manage without a supply of food or water for several days and travel great distances over soft and to find some. Complete the sentences below, using the following words: wide feet; long eyelashes and eyebrows; fat filled hump; thick shaggy fur. (4) keeps out sand that is being blown about.. enables survival without food or water for several days... helps protect the body from temperature changes at night and during the day.. stops animals from sinking into the sand. A15.) Long eyelashes and eyebrows; fat filled hump; thick shaggy fur; wide feet. 17. Q16.) Camels live in deserts. Deserts are dry and hot during the day but can be very cold at night. Camels have adaptations which help them to survive in desert conditions. Link the sentences below with the following words: sandstorms; lack of water; soft sandy ground; cold nights. (4)

4 Does not sweat very much =.. Has thick fur =.. Has large feet =... Has nostrils which can be closed =. A16.) Lack of water; cold nights; soft sandy ground; sandstorms. 10. Q17.) Write down the different adaptations for survival, between cold and hot environments. (10) A17.) Cold- Often have a large body; Small surface area volume, SA V ratio; Thick insulating layer of fat and fur; No change in behaviour; Changing coat colours give year- round camouflage. Hot- Often have a small body; Large SA V ratio; Thin fur and little body fat; Changes in behaviour patterns that avoid the heat of the day; Changing coat colours give year- round camouflage. 14. Q18.) Using the following words, complete the sentences below: survive; together; environment; supply; adapt; winter; mate; food; spring. (5) Animals have to adapt to changes in the weather and.. All animals. and produce young when there is a good.. of food. This is in the winter season. Often they work together to gather.. and rear their young. The young must be able to on their own before the spring comes. A18.) Environment; mate; supply; food; survive. 18. Q19.) Which one of these is the best definition of an animal s territory? (1)

5 A = The place where animals compete with other animals; B = An area to which an animal has become adapted; C = An area defended by an animal against other members of the same species; D = An area defended by an animal against all other animals A19.) D

Station #4. All information Adapted from:http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/activities/makeitahabitat/adaptations.html and other sites

Station #4. All information Adapted from:http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/activities/makeitahabitat/adaptations.html and other sites Adaptation Homework Station #1 GOAL: Avoid the Sun s heat and keep themselves cool. Animals spend the daylight hours hiding in burrows or behind boulders. They come out at night to hunt and forage for