THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS IN REGARD TO SIZE OF LITTERS
|
|
- Sherman Simmons
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS IN REGARD TO SIZE OF LITTERS BY CARL HALLQVZST ANIMAL BREEDIXG INSTITUTE, WIAD, ELDTOMTA, SWEDEN I N order to judge the selectional value of such characters as litter size and litter weight of sows it is important to know if different sows at repeated farrowings show any marked individuality in this respect. It is also of importance to learn if the individuality may be more or less strongly marked at different ages of the litters. It seems that the stage of greatest individuality should be the best moment to obtain succesful selection. LUSH and MOLLN (1937) have studied some of these characters by means of analysis of variance, and they use the intraclasscorrelation as a measure of the differentiation between individual sows. In the present study the numbers of pigs per litter for a number of sows have been analysed and the coefficient of the intraclasscorrelation has been determined with the usual formula total variancevariance within sows total variance THE INDIVIDUALITY IN REGARD TO NUMBER OF PIGS AT FARROWING. The material used was obtained from the results of farrowings in the Wiad herd. All farrowings from sows giving at least 3 litters are included. The number of sows is 117 with 596 litters, on an average 5,i litters per sow. The total number of pigs, dead or alive at farrowing, is 6333 or lo,6 pigs per litter. The analysis of variance of the numbers of pigs per litter at farrowing is recorded in Table 1. In the material of LUSH and MOLLN there were differences between herds, a cause of variation which is absent in the present material. Our data have not been corrected for age of sow, but this cause of \ ariation is at least partially eliminated by grouping the sows according to the number of their litters. A simple comparison between intersow variance and total variance (Table 1 a) gives a coefficient of 0,zg. If the sows are grouped, as done by LUSH and MOLLN, according to their birthyear in contemporary
2 128 CARL HALLQVIST sows (Table 1 b) the same coefficient is obtained. In the present material the year of birth of the sow is of no importance and has, consequently, been disregarded in the following analyses. TABLE 1. Analysis of variance of number of pigs farrowed per litter. Degree of free dom squares Mean square Variance ratio I ntraclasscoefficient 9 Total... Between sows ,93 19,~s 6,35 8,93 G.35 8,ss = 0,29 1) Total... Between groups of contemporary sows... Within groups of contemporary sows... Between sows Within sows ,18 8,92 20,os 6,35 Total... Between breeds Within breeds... Between groups of sows with equal number ol litters... Within groups of sows with equal number of litters Between sows Withinsows s ,sti 1501,ts 2859,47 8,45 45,3i 8,3s 4488 The significance is denoted thus: P < 0,001; * 0,001 < P < 0,111; 0,ol <P < 0,m; p>o,o5, where P is the probability that only random variation occurs. In the group with 10 litters there was one sow only and therefore omitted in this case. In Table 1 c the material has been grouped according to breeds (Large White and Improved Swedish Landrace) and number of litters
3 THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS 129 per sow. This number has varied from 3 to 10 and the number of sows with different numbers of litters is as follows: Total Total Number of litters sows litters Number of sows with different numbers of litters The grouping according to number of litters must be important. For sows with a low number of litters only the first litters are recorded and it is known that these have a lower number of pigs than the later ones. Furthermore, sows with markedly low numbers of pigs in their first litters are often slaughtered, and in the above material the poorest sows are, therefore, to be found in the classes with only few litters. It is therefore to be expected that the lowest numbers of pigs per litter should be found among the sows with small numbers of litters. Table 1 c shows that in the present material the difference between breeds is statistically insignificant and has but very slight influence on the coefficient of correlation. The number of litters per sow, as expected, is of consid,erable importance. If breed and number of litters are simultaneously considered, the coefficient is only O,zo, which value, however, is considerably higher than that obtained by LUSH and MOLLN. TABLE 2. Number of pigs at different ages of the litters. Farrowing, including deadhorn... )), alive... Alive after 1 week... )) )) 2 weeks... 0 )) 3 ))... )) )) 4 ))... )) )) 5 ))... )) )) G ))... Total % of farrowed 100,o 92,3 79,i 76,~ 76,t 73,a 72,3 70,8 Average number per litter THE INDIVIDUALITY IN REGARD TO SIZE OF LITTER MEASURED AT DIFFERENT AGES OF THE LITTERS. It is of interest to know at which age of the pigs the size of the litters should b,e determined so as to show most clearly the differentiation Heredltaa XXVIII. 9
4 130 CARL HALLQVIST between the sows. In a study of this problem we have utilized all sows having at least 3 litters with all pigs unweaned at the age of six weeks. The material analysed has thus been limited to 97 sows with 461 litters. For each of these litters we know the total number of pigs at farrowing, the number of pigs alive at farrowing and the number of pigs alive at the end of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after farrowing. TABLE 3. Analysis of variance of numbers of pigs per litter at different ages of the litters. Between Within [ntra SOWS Variance class Age of litters ratio coeffi I 460 I cient Farrowing(including deadborn) I I sows squares 4468, ,891 Mean sauare i.w 27x2~ ,s~ I 0,22 Farrowing (alive) squares 3468,181 Mean square 7, ,881 14,o~ 2119,310 5,s~ 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks I Mean square I 5,85 1 lo,.so weeks squares 2561, ,086 Mean square 5, I squares Sum Of I 2524,048 I 739,467 Mean square 1 5,49 I 7,70 I I 6 weeks I * as in Table 1. I squares , ,863 1 sum of 1 I I Mean sauare I 5.75 I 9.76 squares 2631, ,3613 I Mean sauare I 5172 I Mean square I 5,63 1 7,;s 1701,207 4, , ,257 4,ao 1784,581 4, ,~ 5,07 0,18 o,l3 0,11 0,lO
5 THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS 131 The numbers of pigs at each time are given in Table 2. For each of these eight sets of data the coefficient of intraclasscorrelation has been calculated (Table 3). The sole object of this study was to determine the relative sizes of coefficients, determined at different ages of the litters, therefore variations in breed and in number of litters per sow have been disregarded. It is evident from Table 3 that the coefficient tends to decrease with increasing age of the litter, a phenomenon which was to be expected. Though the sows differ in milk production and care of their offspring, the environment increases in importance with the ageing of the litters and concomitantly the differences between the sows decrease. The coefficient of correlation, as determined on the number of pigs at farrowing, is smaller in this material than in that presented in Table 1, although the difference is hardly significant. TESTING THE INDIVIDUALITY BY SELECTION. THE PRACTICAL RESULTS OF SELECTION. The analysis of variance of the present material gave a coefficient of intraclasscorrelation of k 0,so. In order to test this figure and to demonstrate its significance in practical breeding work the following calculations were made: The sows have been grouped according to the number of pigs in their first litter. The total average of this number is 9,3. In group A are placed all sows with 9 pigs or less in their first litter, in group B those with 10 or more. In group A there are 56 sows with an average number of 6,s pigs, in group B 61 sows show an average of 11,~. The difference b,etween the two averages is 4,8 pigs. The coefficient of intraclasscorrelation being O,zo, it is to be expected that 20 % of this difference will remain between the two groups, if the average number of pigs in the subsequent litters is determined. This 20 4,8 expected difference is ~ = O,%. The empirical data are as 100 follows: The sows in group A have given 220 later litters with an average of 10,4 pigs per litter. The sows of group B have 114 as an average of 259 later litters. The difference 1,o fits the expected difference of 0, remarkably ~ well. If no selection is made the average number of pigs in the later litters is 10,g. The rejection of all sows with a number of pigs below the average in the first litter increases the average number of pigs in the subsequent litters by 0,5 or somewhat less than 5 %.
6 ~ The 132 CARL HALLQVIST The difference between individual sows is most pronounced when determined on the number of pigs at farrowing and is considerably less if determined on the number alive six weeks later. From the pigbreeder s point of view, however, the selection of mother sows should be as efficient as possible with respect to the economical value of the litter at the time of weaning or at some fixed age near this time. The number of pigs alive six weeks after the first farrowing may be more closely correlated with the number and weight of the subsequent litters at weaning than the number of pigs at birth in the first litter. The former number may, therefore, be a better basis of selection, in spite of the fact that it offers a poorer measure of the differentiation between sows. It is also quite possible that the selection will be most effective if it is based on both numbers: pigs at the first farrowing and pigs alive six weeks later. In order to test the effects of the different modes of selection the following calculations were made: The 97 sows have been divided into four groups according to the numbers at birth of the first litter and the numbers alive six weeks later. The four groups are: 9 : 7. 9 pigs or less at birth, 7 or less alive after six weeks. 9 : 8. Same numbers at birth, 8 or 9 alive after six weeks. 10 : pigs or more at birth, 7 or less alive after six weeks. 10 : 8. Same numbers at birth, at least 8 alive after six weeks. With this grouping it was possible to study the effects of different modes of selection of mother sows after the results of the first farrowing. Table 4 shows the results of three different modes of selection, calculated with respect to number of pigs at weaning as well as with respect to total weight of litter at this time. three,selection experiments, carried out on the material are as follows: (1) The 97 sows are grouped according to the number of pigs at birth in the first farrowing. A: 9 pigs or less, 9 : 7 i 9 : 8. B: 10 pigs or more, 10 : 7 l 10 : 8. The average number of pigs per litter at weaning and the mean weight of litter at the same time are determined for all subsequent litters of sows in group B. (2) The sows are grouped according to the number of pigs in the first litter alive after six weeks.
7 THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS 133 A:. 7 pigs or less, 9 : 7 f 10 : 7. B: 8 pigs or more, 9 : : 8. The average result of the subsequent litters of group B is determined as in (1). (3) The sows are grouped according to numbers at birth and six weeks later. A: 9 pigs or less at farrowing and 7 or less six weeks later, 9: 7 k 9 :8f 10: 7. B: 10 pigs or more at farrowing and 8 or more at six weeks, 10 : 8. The average results of all subsequent litters of group B are determined as in (1) and (2). The results of the 3 different modes of selection are compared with the average result of all subsequent litters from all 97 sows, i. e. the whole material without selection. The corresponding data are given in Table 4 as selection number 0. It is evident from Table 4 that the number of pigs alive 6 weeks after the first farrowing is of more value in practical breeding than the number born in the first litter. The rejection of all sows below the average in the latter number only increases the result in the subsequent litters at weaning by 2,s % in number and 1,4 % in weight, whereas the rejection according to number alive after six weeks has an improving effect of 4,4 76 and 3,4 %, respectively. The best result is obtained if the selection is made as in (3). In this case all sows are eliminated which have a fecundity below the average in their first litter and also all sows with good fecundity but poor capacity for maintaining their offspring until weaning age. By this selection an increase of 5.8 % is gained in number and of 3.6 % in weight at weaning of the subsequent litters. It is of interest to note that the selection according to number has a smaller effect on the weight of litter than on the number. Environmental factors must have a greater influence on weight than on number, and that was to be expected. According to the data of the present paper the individuality of sows in producing litter of a certain size is more pronounced than in the material of LUSH and MOLLN. There seems to exist some possibilities of making a selection based on the number of pigs in the first litters of the sows. This conclusion is also supported by the results of certain German investigations (HARING und HAGEN, 1939). Studies of
8 100,o 82,s 101,r 84,1 103,r ,6 Group B Group A Number of pigs at 6 weeks in 4 CI Selected sows Rejected sows later litters 1 u 0 v1 Group Number Group Number Per litter yo/ ' of sows of sows 0 10:8+10:7+9:8+9:7 Y7 0 7, :8+9: ,99 102,s 1 : 1 10: : 7 10:8+ 9:s 10:s 42 z; I 10 : 749: ,ii 104~ 10: 7 f 9 :8 +9: ,22 I 105,s Litter weight ai 6 weeks in late] litters ' pcr2iteri 81,r
9 THE INDIVIDUALITY OF SOWS 135 the same kind but bearing on the individuality of the weights of pigs and litters are now in progress. SUMMARY. The results of 596 farrowings of 117 sows of the Wiad herd were studied, all sows giving at least 3 litters. The birthyear of the sow had no influence on the number of pigs per litter. There was a small and insignificant difference in this respect between the two breeds studied, viz. Large White and Improved Swedish Landrace. If the material is grouped according to breed and number of litters per sow there is an intraclasscorrelation of f 0,zo. 461 litters from 97 of the sows were kept together at six weeks. On this material the coefficients of intraclasscorrelation was determined on the following 8 sets of data: number of pigs at birth; number of pigs alive at birth; number of pigs alive at the end of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks alter birth. The value of the coefficient decreases with increasing age of the litters. If all sows are divided into two groups, above and below the average with respect to number of pigs born in the first litter, the difference in this number between the groups is 4,s. As the coefficient of intraclasscorrelation is O,ao, it was to be expected that there should be a difference of 0,96 between the averages of the two groups in regard to all subsequent litters. The actual difference observed is 1,0, and by rejection of all sows below the average in the first litter the result in the subsequent litters is improved by 5 %. The sows were grouped according to number born in the first litter and number alive six weeks later, and the effect of selection, according to these numbers, on the average number and weight of all subsequent litters at weaning was studied. The selection according to number alive after six weeks proved to be more effective than the selection according to number born. The best result of the selection was obtained when due regard was paid to both these numbers. LITERATURE CITED. 1. HARING, F. and HAGEN, H Einfluss der Erstleistung auf die Hohe der Lebensleistung in der Schweinezucht. KiihnArchiv, Bd LUSH, J. L. and MOLLN, A. E The degrees to which litter size is a constant characteristic of sows. The American Society of Animal Production. Record of Proceedings.
Variation in Piglet Weights: Development of Within-Litter Variation Over a 5-Week Lactation and Effect of Farrowing Crate Design
The Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy Animal Studies Repository 6-1986 Variation in Piglet Weights: Development of Within-Litter Variation Over a 5-Week Lactation and Effect of Farrowing
More informationGenetic parameters of number of piglets nursed
Genetic parameters of number of piglets nursed B. Nielsen, T. Ostersen, I. Velander, S.B. Bendtsen, O. F. Christensen Pig Research Centre, Breeding & Genetics, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark; Aarhus
More informationBody length and its genetic relationships with production and reproduction traits in pigs
Body length and its genetic relationships with production and reproduction traits in pigs S. Nakavisut, R. E. Crump and H.-U. Graser Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale,
More informationGenotypic and phenotypic relationships between gain, feed efficiency and backfat probe in swine
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 1970 Genotypic and phenotypic relationships between gain, feed efficiency and backfat probe in swine Ronald Neal Lindvall Iowa State University Follow this and additional
More informationI the BUSSEY INSTITUTION of HARVARD UNIVERSITY, it was found that
THE RELATION OF ALBINISM TO BODY SIZE IN MICE W. E. CASTLE Division of Genetics, University of Calijornia, Berkeley, California Received January 24, 1938 N PREVIOUS studies made in cooperation with former
More informationBreeding for both animal welfare and production efficiency. T. Aasmundstad, E. Grindflek & O. Vangen
Breeding for both animal welfare and production efficiency T. Aasmundstad, E. Grindflek & O. Vangen What is animal welfare? 1. Freedom from hunger or thirst 2. Freedom from discomfort 4. Freedom to express
More informationRELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WEIGHTS AND CALVING PERFORMANCE OF HEIFERS IN A HERD OF UNSELECTED CATTLE T. C. NELSEN, R. E. SHORT, J. J. URICK and W. L. REYNOLDS1, USA SUMMARY Two important traits of a productive
More informationFactors Influencing Egg Production
June, 1930 Research Bulletin No. 129 Factors Influencing Egg Production II. The Influence of the Date of First Egg Upon Maturity and Production By C. W. KNOX AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IOWA STATE
More informationGenetic parameters and breeding value stability estimated from a joint evaluation of purebred and crossbred sows for litter weight at weaning
Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis (2015) Vol 19 No 1, 1-7. Kaposvári Egyetem, Agrár- és Környezettudományi Kar, Kaposvár Genetic parameters and breeding value stability estimated from a joint evaluation of purebred
More informationTEKS: 130.2(C)(12)(C)
TEKS: 130.2(C)(12)(C) Objectives Research breeds of swine; Define swine terminology; Write why the production of swine has increased; Identify some aspects of an ideal hog; Define what a market hog is
More informationRobust breeds for organic pig production. Tove Serup National specialist
Robust breeds for organic pig production Tove Serup National specialist The project was supported by Fonden for Økologisk Landbrug Det Europæiske Fællesskab ved Den Europæiske Fond for Udvikling af Landdistrikter
More informationGENETIC AND NON GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE LITTER TRAITS OF BROILER RABBITS*
Indian J. Anim. Res., 40 (1): 9-14, 2006 GENETIC AND NON GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE LITTER TRAITS OF BROILER RABBITS* B. Ekambaram, V. Prabhakar Rao, A. Sreerama Murthy 1, A. Satyanarayana 2 and B.
More informationAsian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 23, No. 5 : May
543 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 3 No. 5 : 543-555 May www.ajas.info Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Trends for Weaning-to-first Service Interval and Litter Traits in a Commercial Landrace-Large
More informationOverview of some of the latest development and new achievement of rabbit science research in the E.U.
First Jilin Rabbit Fair and Conference on Asian Rabbit Production Development, Changchun (China), 8-10 Septembre 2009. Overview of some of the latest development and new achievement of rabbit science research
More informationREPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE FOR FOUR BREEDS OF SWINE: CROSSBRED FEMALES AND PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED BOARS
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science Animal Science Department April 1984 REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE FOR FOUR
More informationVariation in Piglet Weights: Weight Gains in the First Days After Birth and Their Relationship with Later Performance
The Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy Animal Studies Repository 9-1988 Variation in Piglet Weights: Weight Gains in the First Days After Birth and Their Relationship with Later Performance
More informationCourse: Principles of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson. Objectives:
Course: Principles of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Unit Title: Breeds of Swine TEKS: 130.2(C)(12)(C) Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson Objectives: After completing this unit of instruction, students
More informationA National System for Recording Conformation Traits
Report from the working group on conformation traits A National System for Recording Conformation Traits SUMMARY A recording program for conformation traits is proposed based on the information available
More information4-H PORK PRODUCTION MANUAL
4-H PORK PRODUCTION MANUAL This publication, the record sheet and other sheets all are intended to help the 4-H member succeed in the 4-H Swine Project. The best way to learn is by doing -- especially
More informationEjner B rsting, Chief Geneticist, Danish Fur Breeders Association, 60 Langagervej, DK-2600 Glostrup Denmark
F U R B R E E D I N G Ejner B rsting, Chief Geneticist, Danish Fur Breeders Association, 60 Langagervej, DK-2600 Glostrup Denmark S U M M A R Y. The fur industry is a young partner in animal production.
More information4-H Swine Bowl Learning Information
4-H Swine Bowl Learning Information 1. In selling commercial market hogs today, what is the most important carcass trait that has an influence on the price? A. Percent lean. 2. What 3 things are needed
More informationUNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES & AGRIBUSINESS DISCIPLINE OF ANIMAL AND POULTRY SCIENCE EXAMINATIONS: NOVEMBER 2010
DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 100 External Examiner: Prof M Chimonyo Internal Examiner: Dr NC Tyler STUDENTS ARE REQUESTED, IN THEIR OWN INTERESTS, TO WRITE LEGIBLY NOTE: THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF FIVE (5)
More informationAdjustment Factors in NSIP 1
Adjustment Factors in NSIP 1 David Notter and Daniel Brown Summary Multiplicative adjustment factors for effects of type of birth and rearing on weaning and postweaning lamb weights were systematically
More informationEstimates of Genetic Parameters and Environmental Effects of Hunting Performance in Finnish Hounds 1
Estimates of Genetic Parameters and Environmental Effects of Hunting Performance in Finnish Hounds 1 for Measures Anna-Elisa Liinamo, Leena Karjalainen, Matti Ojala, and Veijo Vilva Department of Animal
More informationA Summary of Swine Crossbreeding Research at. Auburn University. Bulletin 595 September 1988 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station.
5 Bulletin 595 September 1988 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Auburn University Nell T. Frobish, Director Auburn University, Alabama r- ' t A Summary of Swine Crossbreeding Research at Auburn University
More informationFactors Affecting Calving Difficulty and the Influence of Pelvic Measurements on Calving Difficulty in Percentage Limousin Heifers
yield from the nine-hr separation group was intermediate between the six- and 12-hr separation groups. These data suggest that more milk is produced in the first six hr of separation time than the latter
More informationVeterinary Science. Swine Unit Handouts
Veterinary Science Swine Unit Handouts Name: Date: Period: Dirty Jobs- Pig Farmer Question Before Viewing Video After Viewing Video After 6 months, the piglet will weigh at least pounds. What is the top
More informationEFFECTS OF POSTNATAL LITTER SIZE ON REPRODUCTION OF FEMALE MICE 1
EFFECTS OF POSTNATAL LITTER SIE ON REPRODUCTION OF FEMALE MICE 1 R. E. Nelson 2 and O. W. Robison North Carolina State University, Raleigh 2767 SUMMARY A group of 8 dams weaned 588 female mice to be mated
More informationC. W. Knox Iowa State College
Volume 12 Number 152 Factors influencing egg production Ill. The association of the date of hatch with date of first egg, sexual maturity and egg production in S. C. White Leghorns Article 1 October 1932
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF. for the. presented. Title: SOME GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF DAVID TUPPER SPURR (Name of student) for the Ph. D. (Degree) in GENETICS (Major) presented on 100 (Date) 9, /9G,? Title: SOME GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
More informationQMS Pigs Assurance Scheme Compliance Version July Name and postcode of unit.. Name of unit(s)... QMS membership number(s).. Slap mark(s)..
Quarterly Vet Report SECTION A: GENERAL DETAILS Date of visit. Unit Type (tick as appropriate) Indoor/Outdoor Breeder/Weaner/Grower/Finisher/Other.... Name and postcode of unit.. QMS membership number..
More informationH plants and animals for three or more decades. Its application has been
HETEROSIS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF MICE ORSON N. EATON Animal Husbandman, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, Agricultural Research Administration, Beltm'lle, Maryland Received April 28,
More informationPG 600. S ame time. same place. The management tool in swine reproduction
S ame time same place The management tool in swine reproduction S ame time, same place. will improve the reproductive management of your herd by inducing heat on schedule. Synchronisation allows the best
More informationEstimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for sow productivity traits in South African Large White pigs
South African Journal of Animal Science 212, 42 (No. 4) Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for sow productivity traits in South African Large White pigs B. Dube 1, Sendros D. Mulugeta 1 &
More informationCrusader Meat Rabbit Project Which Breed and How to Use Different Breeds SJ Eady and KC Prayaga
Crusader Meat Rabbit Project Which Breed and How to Use Different Breeds SJ Eady and KC Prayaga Livestock Industries Which breed of rabbit is best? This is one of the first questions a rabbit farmer asks.
More informationTail biting What we do and do not know from a genetics perspective. N. Duijvesteijn and E.F. Knol
Tail biting What we do and do not know from a genetics perspective N. Duijvesteijn and E.F. Knol Presentation I. What is the problem? II. History tail biting. What has been done? III. Which research fits
More informationEVOLUTIONARY GENETICS (Genome 453) Midterm Exam Name KEY
PLEASE: Put your name on every page and SHOW YOUR WORK. Also, lots of space is provided, but you do not have to fill it all! Note that the details of these problems are fictional, for exam purposes only.
More informationANTIMICROBIAL USE WHILST ADOPTING IMPROVED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON FARROW-TO-FINISH
VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY UNIT FARM-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REDUCING ANTIMICROBIAL USE WHILST ADOPTING IMPROVED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON FARROW-TO-FINISH PIG FARMS Prof. Jeroen Dewulf Of the 120 experts that
More informationGenetic analysis of swine production traits
Genetic analysis of swine production traits Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Ramos-Castillon, Francisco, 1949- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright is held by the
More informationComparison of different methods to validate a dataset with producer-recorded health events
Miglior et al. Comparison of different methods to validate a dataset with producer-recorded health events F. Miglior 1,, A. Koeck 3, D. F. Kelton 4 and F. S. Schenkel 3 1 Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture
More informationBreeding value evaluation in Polish fur animals: Estimates of (co)variances due to direct and litter effects for fur coat and reproduction traits
Czech J. Anim. Sci., 51, 26 (1): 3946 Original Paper Breeding value evaluation in Polish fur animals: Estimates of (co)variances due to direct and litter effects for fur coat and reproduction traits H.
More informationNordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation a tool for practical breeding with red breeds
Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation a tool for practical breeding with red breeds Gert Pedersen Aamand, Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation, Udkaersvej 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark e-mail: gap@landscentret.dk
More informationAssessment Schedule 2017 Subject: Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate knowledge of livestock management practices (90921)
NCEA Level 1 Agricultural and Horticultural Science (90921) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Subject: Agricultural and Horticultural Science: Demonstrate knowledge of livestock management practices
More informationSTAT170 Exam Preparation Workshop Semester
Study Information STAT Exam Preparation Workshop Semester Our sample is a randomly selected group of American adults. They were measured on a number of physical characteristics (some measurements were
More informationECONOMIC studies have shown definite
The Inheritance of Egg Shell Color W. L. BLOW, C. H. BOSTIAN AND E.^W. GLAZENER North Carolina State College, Raleigh, N. C. ECONOMIC studies have shown definite consumer preference based on egg shell
More informationCHOICES The magazine of food, farm and resource issues
CHOICES The magazine of food, farm and resource issues Third Quarter 23 A publication of the American Agricultural Economics Association Lessons from the Danish Ban on Feed- Grade Antibiotics by Dermot
More informationESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND CALVING EASE AMONG FIRST CALF HEIFERS. D.G. Landblom and J.L. Nelson
28 ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND CALVING EASE AMONG FIRST CALF HEIFERS D.G. Landblom and J.L. Nelson Managing heifer replacements so they will calve as two year olds with a minimum of difficulty has been,
More informationWhat would explain the clinical incidence of PSS being lower than the presumed percentage of carriers should be producing?
Many of the data sources seem to have a HUGE margin of error (e.g., mean age of 7.26 +/- 3.3 years). Is that a bad thing? How does this impact drawing conclusions from this data? What would need to be
More informationTHE MASKING OF SEPIA BY WHITE, TWO RECESSIVE
Eye-Colors in Drosophila 261 THE MASKING OF SEPIA BY WHITE, TWO RECESSIVE EYE-COLORS IN DROSOPHILA Floyd T. Romberger, Jr., Purdue University During* the course of a discussion on the dilution effects
More informationSelection of Gilts Biomechanics. Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
Selection of Gilts Biomechanics K. J. Stalder, PhD 1, A. K. Johnson, PhD 1, and L. A. KarrikerDVM, MS 2 1 Department of Animal Science and 2 Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State
More information7. Flock book and computer registration and selection
Flock book/computer registration 7. Flock book and computer registration and selection Until a computer service evolved to embrace all milk-recorded ewes in Israel and replaced registration in the flock
More informationClaw lesions as a predictor of lameness in breeding sows Deen, J., Anil, S.S. and Anil, L. University of Minnesota USA
1 Claw lesions as a predictor of lameness in breeding sows Deen, J., Anil, S.S. and Anil, L. University of Minnesota USA Introduction Lameness is a common problem in swine breeding herds. Lameness is an
More informationSUMMARY OF THESIS. Chapter VIII "The place of research, its purpose, the biological material and method"
SUMMARY OF THESIS Raising Japanese quail is a global activity still limited compared with growth of hens and broilers, but with great prospects for the development of characteristics and adaptability of
More informationThe effect of weaning weight on subsequent lamb growth rates
Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 62: 75 79 (2000) 75 The effect of weaning weight on subsequent lamb growth rates T.J. FRASER and D.J. SAVILLE AgResearch, PO Box 60, Lincoln, Canterbury
More informationPEOPLE AND FARM ANIMALS
PEOPLE AND FARM ANIMALS A person is the owner of an animal. Does that mean he can do anything he likes with it? Read the following three opinions. Which one do you like best? Opinion A: A human is the
More informationLivestock: Transport and Markets Student Activities
Module 25 Livestock: Transport and Markets Questions 1. Name a farm animal species for whom heat stress likely to be a problem, and state why this is the case? (2 marks) Pigs and poultry, since they both
More informationPSS is an abbreviation for?
SWINE GENETICS PSS is an abbreviation for? A Powerful sausage sow B Pine scented shouts C Porcine stress syndrome D Porcine stabilization system D PSS is a recessive gene that may result in death when
More informationExploring the Swine Industry
Lesson B2 3 Exploring the Swine Industry Unit B. Animal Science and the Industry Problem Area 2. Identifying and Understanding the Segments of the Animal Science Industry Lesson 3. Exploring the Swine
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN Claude Toudic Broiler Specialist June 2006
Evaluating uniformity in broilers factors affecting variation During a technical visit to a broiler farm the topic of uniformity is generally assessed visually and subjectively, as to do the job properly
More information1 of 9 7/1/10 2:08 PM
LIFETIME LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION OF TARGHEE OR FINN-DORSET- TARGHEE EWES MANAGED AS A FARM OR RANGE FLOCK N. Y. Iman and A. L. Slyter Department of Animal and Range Sciences SHEEP 95-4 Summary Lifetime
More informationImportance of docility
Recent Developments in Selection for Docility in Ireland National Seminar on Strategies for improving Safety with Cattle Ross Evans ICBF 23 rd November 2010 Teagasc Health & Safety Conference Grange Importance
More informationLifetime Production Performance by Suffolk x Rambouillet Ewes in Northwestern Kansas
November 1986 Lifetime Production Performance by Suffolk x Rambouillet Ewes in Northwestern Kansas Frank J. Schwulst Colby Branch Experiment Station In late August, 1979, 50 Suffolk x Rambouillet ewe lambs,
More informationGrowth and Mortality of Suckling Rabbits
ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Growth and Mortality of Suckling Rabbits Martina PLANINC ( ) Ajda KERMAUNER Špela MALOVRH Milena KOVAČ Summary Rabbits are usually smaller and mortality is higher in large litters.
More informationLONG RANGE PERFORMANCE REPORT. Abstract
State: Georgia Grant Number: 08-953 Study Number: 6 LONG RANGE PERFORMANCE REPORT Grant Title: State Funded Wildlife Survey Period Covered: July 1, 2012 - June 30, 2013 Study Title: Wild Turkey Production
More informationRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH OF SUFFOLK RAMS ON CENTRAL PERFORMANCE TEST AND GROWTH OF THEIR PROGENY
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH OF SUFFOLK RAMS ON CENTRAL PERFORMANCE TEST AND GROWTH OF THEIR PROGENY D. F. WALDRON, D. L. THOMAS, J. M. STOOKEY and R. L. FERNANDO, USA University of Illin o is, Department
More informationSelection for Egg Mass in the Domestic Fowl. 1. Response to Selection
Selection for Egg Mass in the Domestic Fowl. 1. Response to Selection H. L. MARKS US Department of Agriculture, Science & Education Administration, Agricultural Research, uthern Regional Poultry Breeding
More informationSummary from the Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 126 (2016) 48-53
is not approved for the indication investigated in the study. The specifications in this document shall only be used as scientific information about research activities. Summary from the Journal of Preventive
More informationRecord Keeping: Worthless or worthwhile?
A Greener World Technical Advice Fact Sheet No. 15 Record Keeping: Worthless or worthwhile? Certified Animal Welfare Approved by A Greener World (AGW) has the most rigorous standards for farm animal welfare
More informationGenetic (co)variance components for ewe productivity traits in Katahdin sheep 1
Published March 12, 2015 Genetic (co)variance components for ewe productivity traits in Katahdin sheep 1 H. B. Vanimisetti, D. R. Notter, 2 and L. A. Kuehn 3 Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences,
More information{Received 21st August 1964)
RELATIONSHIP OF SEMEN QUALITY AND FERTILITY IN THE RAM TO FECUNDITY IN THE EWE C. V. HULET, WARREN C. FOOTE and R. L. BLACKWELL U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Animal Husbandry
More informationJosefina de Combellas, N Martinez and E Gonzalez. Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay
Trop Anim Prod 1980 5:3 261 A STUDY OF FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE BIRTH AND WEANING WEIGHT IN LAMBS Josefina de Combellas, N Martinez and E Gonzalez Instituto de Producción Animal, Facultad de Agronomia,
More informationKeeping and Using Flock Performance Records Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences
ASC-221 Keeping and Using Flock Performance Records Debra K. Aaron, Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Cooperative Extension Service Performance
More informationON COMMERCIAL poultry farms during
Effect of Date of Hatch on Weight F. P. JEFFREY Department of Poultry Husbandry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Presented at annual meeting June, 1940; received for publication May 23,
More informationCorrelated response in litter traits to selection for intramuscular fat in Duroc swine
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations 2007 Correlated response in litter traits to selection for intramuscular fat in Duroc swine Ashley Lynn
More informationMinimum Requirements for the Keeping of Domestic Animals. 11 Cattle. Animal Protection Ordinance
Minimum Requirements for the Keeping of Domestic Animals Preliminary The measurements given in Appendix 1 refer to light areas free of any obstacle. They may be reduced only by rounding of the corners
More informationINHERITANCE OF BODY WEIGHT IN DOMESTIC FOWL. Single Comb White Leghorn breeds of fowl and in their hybrids.
440 GENETICS: N. F. WATERS PROC. N. A. S. and genetical behavior of this form is not incompatible with the segmental interchange theory of circle formation in Oenothera. Summary.-It is impossible for the
More informationCommunity Pet Adoption Partnerships Survey Results May 2015
Community Pet Adoption Partnerships Survey Results May 2015 About the Survey What can animal shelters do to eliminate or reduce the time pets spend in the shelter? During the summer of 2014, Maddie s Institute
More informationUNDESIRABLE DESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE. Round, bunchy muscle Long, smooth, muscle Light, thin muscle
UNDESIRABLE DESIRABLE UNDESIRABLE Round, bunchy muscle Long, smooth, muscle Light, thin muscle Good, level arch, long rump desirable slope to shoulder and correct set to rear leg and pasterns. Liberal
More informationAnalysis of genetic improvement objectives for sheep in Cyprus
Analysis of genetic improvement objectives for sheep in Cyprus Mavrogenis A.P. in Gabiña D. (ed.). Analysis and definition of the objectives in genetic improvement programmes in sheep and goats. An economic
More informationNSIP EBV Notebook June 20, 2011 Number 2 David Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech
NSIP EBV Notebook June 20, 2011 Number 2 David Notter Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Tech New Traits for NSIP Polypay Genetic Evaluations Introduction NSIP recently completed reassessment
More informationESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND THE CONTROL OF OVULATION. PCattle PSmall ruminants PPigs
ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND THE CONTROL OF OVULATION PCattle PSmall ruminants PPigs BASICS P Prostaglandins P Progesterone and progestogens P Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) PEstrogens (off-label
More informationEnvironmental and genetic effects on claw disorders in Finnish dairy cattle
Environmental and genetic effects on claw disorders in Finnish dairy cattle Anna-Elisa Liinamo, Minna Laakso and Matti Ojala Department of Animal Science, University of Helsinki Aims Study various effects
More informationIndividual and maternal heterosis estimated from single crosses and backcrosses of swine
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 1978 Individual and maternal heterosis estimated from single crosses and backcrosses of swine James Franz Schneider Iowa State University Follow this and additional
More informationBiocontainment. Within populations. The Sandhills Calving System. Actions to prevent the spread of infectious agents.
Principles of The Sandhills Calving System and how they apply to other production systems Sandhills Calving System reduces scours Successful Farming John Walter and Betsy Freese Jan, 6 David R. Smith,
More informationCosts of endemic infectious diseases and preventive measures for such diseases in pigs and cattle
Nordic-Baltic Seminar on Biosecurity, May 7-8 2014 Costs of endemic infectious diseases and preventive measures for such diseases in pigs and cattle Karin Persson Waller and Per Wallgren Department of
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY. cop. ACR1GUITURE
THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY cop. ACR1GUITURE C: BHECK FOR CIRCUL Effect of Fowler's Solution on Animals BY ELMER ROBERTS AND W. M. DAWSON UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
More informationLevel 2 Mathematics and Statistics, 2017
91267 912670 2SUPERVISOR S Level 2 Mathematics and Statistics, 2017 91267 Apply probability methods in solving problems 2.00 p.m. Friday 24 November 2017 Credits: Four Achievement Achievement with Merit
More informationEVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CYCOSTAT 66G AGAINST COCCIDIOSIS IN FATTENING RABBITS UNDER CONTROLLED FIELD CONDITIONS.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CYCOSTAT 66G AGAINST COCCIDIOSIS IN FATTENING RABBITS UNDER CONTROLLED FIELD CONDITIONS. PIERRE COUDERT INRA, BASE, 37380 Nouzilly coudert@tours.inra.fr ABSTRACT This study
More informationPhenotypic and Genetic Variation in Rapid Cycling Brassica Parts III & IV
1 Phenotypic and Genetic Variation in Rapid Cycling Brassica Parts III & IV Objective: During this part of the Brassica lab, you will be preparing to breed two populations of plants. Both will be considered
More informationTECHNICAL NOTE: RABBIT MEAT PRODUCTION UNDER A SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION SYSTEM AS A SOURCE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN IN A RURAL AREA OF MEXICO.
W ORLD R ABBIT SCIENCE World Rabbit Sci. 2006, 14: 259-263 WRSA, UPV, 2003 TECHNICAL NOTE: RABBIT MEAT PRODUCTION UNDER A SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION SYSTEM AS A SOURCE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN IN A RURAL AREA OF
More informationPig Handling & Behaviour Lecture 2 ANS101/Vet
Pig Handling & Behaviour Lecture 2 ANS101/Vet 242 2012 Yvette Miller, Kim Nairn and Kate Gannon Murdoch University Portec Veterinary Services Why do we need to know? In order to move pigs without stress
More informationDIALLEL CP~OSSINGS WITH THE DOMESTtO FOWL. BY JOHS. SCHMIDT, D.Sc, Director of the Carlsberg Physiological Laboratory, Copenhagen, _Den~nar/c.
DIALLEL CP~OSSINGS WITH THE DOMESTtO FOWL. BY JOHS. SCHMIDT, D.Sc, Director of the Carlsberg Physiological Laboratory, Copenhagen, _Den~nar/c. Ii~ three previous papers (1919, 1 ; 1919, 2 ; 1921) I have
More informationLameness in Irish pigs. Laura Boyle Teagasc Moorepark
Lameness in Irish pigs Laura Boyle Teagasc Moorepark Introduction o 35% culling rate due to lameness and claw lesions o Lame sows < 3 litters; non-lame sows=3.5 litters o Poor longevity, high replacement
More informationSuckler cow management. Dai Grove-White.
Suckler cow management. Dai Grove-White. Where is suckler beef going? Biological efficiency Suckler VS dairy beef Carbon foot-printing & land use Poorer quality land Mass-market or niche market Output
More informationPORCINE CIRCOVIRUS - 2 AN EMERGING DISEASE OF CROSSBRED PIGS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 3, No 3, 2014, 1268 1272 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS - 2 AN EMERGING DISEASE OF CROSSBRED PIGS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA S. Krishna
More informationRegistration system in Scandinavian countries - Focus on health and fertility traits. Red Holstein Chairman Karoline Holst
Registration system in Scandinavian countries - Focus on health and fertility traits Red Holstein Chairman Karoline Holst Area of VikingGenetics The breeding program number of cows Denmark Sweden Finland
More informationStaldren for all animals
Staldren for all animals Worldwide www.jorenku.com The effective dry disinfecting product Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren Staldren is a Danish product, which has
More informationEconomic aspects of poultry meat production in Germany
Economic aspects of poultry meat production in Germany Vol. 46 (1), April 2011, Page 38 Economic aspects of poultry meat production in Germany Klaus Damme, Kitzingen, Germany Introduction The production
More informationGenetics of temperament: What do we know about the back test?
Genetics of temperament: What do we know about the back test? Kim Bunter 1 and Richard Lansdowne 2 1 Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. 2 Faculty of Veterinary
More informationSelective Breeding. Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding Charles Darwin, a British naturalist who lived in the 19th century, is best known for his book On the Origin of Species. In it, Darwin established the idea of evolution that is widely
More information