San Joaquin Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617

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1 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 Initial Recommendations April 30, 2018

2 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) Table of Contents 1 Introduction District s Initial Community Recommendations Prioritization of Recommended Communities Public Participation

Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) 1 Introduction The air quality challenges that the

3 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) 1 Introduction The air quality challenges that the communities in the Valley face are unmatched by any other region in the nation. Despite decades of progress and significant reductions in air pollution, the Valley, due to its unique geography, topography, and meteorology, continues to face daunting challenges in meeting the latest federal health-based air quality standards. AB 617, if implemented properly, is expected to bring additional clean air resources and strategies to Valley communities that are burdened by socioeconomic disadvantages and air pollution despite significant emissions reductions that have already been achieved regionally. The following charts illustrate the enormous progress that the Valley has experienced as a region: Figure 1: 2

4 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) Figure 2: Figure 3: 3

5 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) Figure 4: 2 District s Initial Community Recommendations To assist CARB in the selection of communities under AB 617, CARB has requested that the District provide its recommended initial list of communities by April 30, 2018 and then a final list of recommended communities be submitted to CARB by July 31, 2018 after a robust public process. Appendix A is the list of communities recommended by the District based on community self-nominations received and the following criteria: Include the top 30% most impacted communities, as determined by CalEnviroScreen, within California located within the Valley: The District believes that the true burden on a community must include cumulative burden from multiple factors including socioeconomic conditions and health impacts from other causes including air pollution. The District accepts CalEnviroScreen as the best available tool for identifying disadvantaged communities taking into account overall cumulative burdens. 4

6 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) Include census tracts with spatial distribution of gridded diesel PM emissions that exceed 10 kg/day from on-road and non-road sources: Diesel particulate emissions are the single largest air pollution contributor to cancer health risk in the Valley and state. It is estimated that about 70% of total known cancer risk related to air toxics in California is attributable to diesel particulate matter. 3 Prioritization of Recommended Communities Due to the large number of impacted communities throughout the state and limited available resources, the District recognizes that action to further reduce emissions must be phased in over multiple years. Therefore, the districts and CARB must develop criteria for communities that will be selected for action each year. Towards that end, the District recommends the following criteria for prioritizing communities in the Valley: A. Population-weighted exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5: Although a community as a whole may be designated as non-attainment under the federal Clean Air Act, the frequency by which a community is exposed to high levels of PM2.5 concentrations varies greatly throughout the Valley. This is also true with respect to the magnitude of peak concentration experienced in each community. The District believes that communities where a greater portion of the population experiences higher frequency and magnitude of PM2.5 concentrations should be prioritized. B. Population-weighted exposure to high concentrations of ozone: Although a community as a whole may be designated as non-attainment under the federal Clean Air Act, the frequency by which a community is exposed to high levels of ozone concentrations varies greatly throughout the Valley. This is also true with respect to the magnitude of peak concentration experienced in each community. The District believes that communities where a greater portion of the population experiences higher frequency and magnitude of ozone concentrations should be prioritized. C. Greater exposure to PM2.5 vs ozone: Although exposure to high levels of ozone has an impact to public health, numerous studies have indicated that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 has an even greater impact on health, including decreased lung function, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and heart failure. Due to this, the District recognizes that PM2.5 has a more severe health impact than ozone, and should be prioritized as such. D. Communities for which action to reduce air pollution will provide health benefits to other communities: The District envisions opportunities where actions to reduce air pollution in certain communities has the potential to benefit other communities in the region. These scenarios could occur when reductions 5

7 Valley Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources and Public Engagement under AB 617 April 30, 2018 (Updated May 2, 2018) in emissions in one community can benefit other communities downwind that are indirectly impacted by the same stream of air pollution. Furthermore, additional communities can benefit from reducing air pollution from mobile sources of air pollution involving vehicles that travel regionally. E. Households that are both low income and severely burdened by housing costs: Studies have shown that high rent burden can mean a higher likelihood of postponing medical services for financial reasons. High rent burden is also associated with worse self-reported health conditions. High housing cost burdens and unaffordable housing situations can also contribute to residential instability, increase vulnerability to acute and chronic health problems, worsen stress and depression, and can lead to poor educational outcomes for children. F. Poverty: Wealth influences health because it helps determine one s living conditions, nutrition, occupation, and access to health care and other healthpromoting resources. For example, studies have shown a stronger effect of air pollution on mortality and childhood asthma among low income communities. Other studies have found that neighborhood-level income modifies the relationship between particulate air pollution and preterm birth as well as traffic and low birth weight, with mothers living in low income neighborhoods having higher risk of both outcomes. G. Unemployment: Studies of neighborhood socioeconomic factors have found stress to be a major factor in reported poor health among residents of disadvantaged communities, and both financial and emotional stress are direct results of unemployment. 4 Public Participation The District has been undergoing an extensive and robust public process to solicit public input on the implementation of AB 617 requirements, including multiple public workshops and meetings throughout the Valley. As part of this ongoing effort, the Districts invites public comments with respect to this initial list of communities and the proposed prioritization criteria. Public comments may be ed to ab617@valleyair.org. In addition, the District will hold public workshops in the coming months to receive public input prior to submitting the final list of recommended communities and prioritization factors to CARB by July 31,

8 Appendix A: Initial List of Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources under AB 617 (Updated on May 2, 2018 to include additional information for each recommended census tract)

9 Fresno Fresno NA Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno

10 Fresno Fowler Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno

11 Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Kerman Fresno Kerman Fresno Kerman Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno

12 Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno

13 Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis

14 Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Fresno Fresno ger Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno Clovis Fresno ger Fresno ger Fresno ger Fresno ger Fresno Reedley Fresno Reedley Fresno Orange Cove Fresno Reedley Fresno Reedley

15 Fresno Reedley Fresno Reedley Fresno Reedley NA Fresno Del Rey Fresno Selma Fresno Selma Fresno Selma Fresno Selma Fresno Kingsburg Fresno Kingsburg Fresno Selma Fresno Laton Fresno Caruthers Fresno Fresno Fresno Riverdale Fresno Huron Fresno Huron Fresno Coalinga Fresno Cantua Creek Fresno Mendota Fresno Mendota Fresno Firebaugh Fresno Firebaugh Fresno Selma Fresno Parlier Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield

16 Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield

17 Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield

18 Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern MC Kittrick Kern Taft Kern Taft Kern Buttonwillow Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield

19 Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Bakersfield Kern Shafter NA NA Kern Shafter Kern Shafter Kern Shafter Kern Shafter Kern Wasco Kern Wasco NA NA NA Kern Wasco Kern Lost Hills Kern MC Farland Kern MC Farland Kern MC Farland Kern Delano Kern Delano Kern Delano Kern Delano Kern Delano Kern Bakersfield Kern Wofford Heights Kern Rosamond Kern Bakersfield

20 Kern Arvin Kern Arvin Kern Arvin Kern Lamont Kings Hanford Kings Lemoore Kings Lemoore Kings Lemoore Kings Lemoore Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Hanford Kings Corcoran Kings Corcoran Kings Corcoran Kings Kettleman City Kings Avenal Madera Chowchilla NA NA Madera Chowchilla

21 Madera Chowchilla Madera Firebaugh Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Madera Merced Ballico Merced Delhi NA Merced Delhi Merced Livingston Merced Livingston Merced Livingston Merced Stevinson Merced Winton Merced Winton Merced Atwater Merced Atwater Merced Atwater Merced Atwater

22 Merced Atwater Merced Atwater Merced Atwater Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Merced Le Grand Merced Gustine Merced Los Banos Merced Los Banos Merced Los Banos

23 Merced Los Banos Merced Los Banos Merced Dos Palos NA Merced Dos Palos Merced Snelling Merced Merced Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton

24 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton

25 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton

26 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton

27 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton Stockton French Camp Stockton NA Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi

28 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Lodi Escalon Ripon Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca

29 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Lathrop Lathrop Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca Lathrop Lathrop Lathrop Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca Manteca Tracy

30 Poverty Housing Burden Unemployment Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Tracy Stanislaus Oakdale Stanislaus Oakdale Stanislaus Riverbank Stanislaus Riverbank Stanislaus Riverbank Stanislaus Riverbank Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto

31 Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto

32 Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Modesto

33 Stanislaus Hughson Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Ceres Stanislaus Modesto Stanislaus Patterson Stanislaus Patterson Stanislaus Patterson Stanislaus Newman NA Stanislaus Newman Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Turlock Stanislaus Modesto Tulare Orosi Tulare Orange Cove Tulare Dinuba

34 Tulare Kingsburg Tulare Dinuba Tulare Dinuba Tulare Dinuba Tulare Cutler Tulare Woodlake Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Farmersville Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia

35 Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Visalia Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Lindsay Tulare Lindsay Tulare Lindsay Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tulare Tipton Tulare Strathmore Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville

36 Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Porterville Tulare Pixley Tulare Earlimart Tulare Earlimart Tulare California Hot Springs

37 Appendix B: Initial Map of Communities Recommended for Additional Clean Air Resources under AB 617

39 Appendix C: Community Self-Recommendations Received

40 Name and Affiliation Community Source Date Received Nadine Spertus ARB CAPP Concept Modesto Public Paper Comment Log 03/08/2018 Saul Ruiz Martines Los Residentes Unidos de Lost Hills Nomination Letter 03/28/2018 Lost Hills Ara Marderosian Sequoia ForestKeeper Sierra Forest Nomination Letter 11/21/2017 Delano Mr. Juan Flores Shafter Center on Race Poverty and the Environment Arvin Bakersfield ARB Board Meeting Nikita Daryanani Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability / California Environmental Justice Alliance Nikita Daryanani Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability / Center on Race Poverty and the Environment Impacted communities in Valley Shafter Calwa Malaga ARB Board Meeting ARB Concept Paper Docket Comment Number 18 03/ /13/2018

Appendices. Appendix A. Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) Table.

Appendices. Appendix A. Reference Evapotranspiration () Table. ALAMEDA Fremont 1.5 1.9 3.4 4.7 5.4 6.3 6.7 6.0 4.5 3.4 1.8 1.5 47.0 Livermore 1.2 1.5 2.9 4.4 5.9 6.6 7.4 6.4 5.3 3.2 1.5 0.9 47.2 Oakland