EOQ 3 Exam Review. Genetics: 1. What is a phenotype? 2. What is a genotype?

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1 EOQ 3 Exam Review Genetics: 1. What is a phenotype? 2. What is a genotype? 3. The allele for freckles (f) is recessive to not having freckles (F). Both parents have freckles but only 3 of their 4 children have freckles. Set up and complete your punnet square: 4. What are the genotypes of the parents? 5. What is the genotypic ratio of their offspring? 6. What is the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? 7. Define the following and give an example illustrating this type of inheritance. a. Incomplete dominance inheritance b. Codominance inheritance c. Sex-linked inheritance Blood Typing- 8. If a woman who is heterozygous for A type blood marries a man who is heterozygous for B type blood, what are the possible blood types of their future offspring? Show your work with a Punnett square. Sex-linked disorders- 8. Colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive trait carried on the X chromosome. Use N for normal vision and n for colorblindness. Don t forget your XX and XY! Show all work with a Punnett square.

2 10. If a woman who is colorblind marries a man who has normal vision, what are their chances of having a child who is colorblind? Matching: 1. autosomes 2. chromosome 3. gene 4. pedigrees 5. sex chromosomes 6. karyotype 7. trisomy 8. monosomy 9. deletion A. nucleotide or DNA segment is lost B. one extra chromosome C. phenotypic history of a family D. section of a chromosome that controls traits E. chromosome contains an extra copy of a gene F. rod-shaped structure that contains a cell s genetic information G. a photograph of an organism s chromosomes H. addition of one or more nucleotides to a gene I. non-sex chromosomes; in normal cells there are 22 pairs J. the X and the Y chromosome (pair 23) K. only one copy of the chromosome instead of two L. one nucleotide is replaced with another 10. duplication 11. substitution 12. insertion Dihybrid Squares A-Purple flowers a-white flowers B-Tall stems b-dwarf stems Cross a recessive white flower with a heterozygous tall flower. REMEMBER YOUR ARROWS! Parents Genotype: How many offspring would be Tall and white? 2

3 Pedigree The genotype of individual 1 could be: 2. The genotype of individual 2 could be: 3. What is the probability that #3 and #4 s second child will have free earlobes? 4. What is the probability that #3 and #4 s second child will have attached earlobes? 5. What is the difference between an autosomal disorder and a sex-linked disorder? 6. Does a carrier of a disorder display the disorder? Biotechnology 1. What is a genetically modified organism? How could one be created? 2. What scientist finds a tiny amount of DNA, what would he need to perform in order to make millions of identical copies of that DNA? 3. How can you determine if two people are related using a DNA fingerprint? 4. Looking at the DNA fingerprint to the right, which suspect was at the crime scene? 5. Does a match to crime scene DNA mean the person is guilty? Explain. 3

4 Viral Structures 1. What two structures makes up all viruses? 2. Where would you typically find the nucleic acids within a virus? 3. In the photograph at the right, bacteriophages are in the process of infecting a host cell. a.) What is the host? 4. How is virus replication and cell division similar? How is it different? Label the viral cycles below: 7. What is the first step of both the lytic and lysogenic cycles? Which cycle will cause a disruption in the cell s normal functions? 6. Evolution 1. Define Evolution. 2. What are the two goals for evolution? 3. Define natural selection. What else is it called? 4. Define the 4 sources of scientific evidence for evolution. A. fossil record- B. comparative anatomy a. homologous structures (and ex.) b. analogous structures (and ex.) c. vestigial structures (and ex.) 4

5 C. embryology D. biochemical evidence (hint: it involves DNA and/or amino acids) 5. Label the following pictures with what they are an example of (hint: look at the above question for comparative anatomy ) Answer the following questions based on the diagram to the right. 6. Which layer contains the newest fossils? A B 7.Which layer has the oldest fossils? C D 8.Based on the fossils, this area was most likely what type of environment in the ancient past? E Use the chart below to answer the following questions. 8. What is the scientific name of the species most closely related to the woodpeckerlike finch? 9. Are the insect-eating finches related to the cactus-eating finches? 10. How would you describe the relationship of all of these birds? (convergent or divergent) 5

6 Ecology 1. Label the following on the trophic pyramid below: carnivore second trophic level consumers secondary consumer first trophic level tertiary consumer fourth trophic level third trophic level herbivore top predator omnivore primary consumer producer 6. Which population would be affected negatively if the snakes were removed from the food web in the above figure? 7. If there was a drought, which animal population would decrease the fastest? Why? 6

7 8. What do herbivores eat? 9. What do omnivores eat? 10. What do carnivores eat? 11. What is a decomposer (give two examples)? 12. What is primary succession? Give an example: 13. What is secondary succession? Give an example: 14. Define and give an example of each type of symbiosis: Mutualism- Commensalism- Parasitism- 14. This graph shows the average number of rabbits and coyotes in an area over time. What conclusion can be made from this data? 7

8 ******************************** 15. In this food pyramid, how much energy is available as the energy is passed from one trophic level to another? 16. Which level has the most energy available? 17. Which level has the least amount of energy available? 18. Where the other 90% of the energy go? 19. What is a producer? 20. What is a consumer? 21. From the list below circle the producers: Dog Cat Flower Fig Tree Rabbit Grass Wheat 22. From the list below circle the primary consumers: Grasshopper Lion Rabbit Grass Flower Cow 23. From the list below circle the secondary consumers: Wolf Flower Rabbit Cow Fox Lion Tree 8

9 1. Water cycle- Define the following: - Evaporation- - Condensation- - Transpiration- - Precipitation- 2. Carbon Cycle- How is carbon dioxide removed from the air? How is carbon added to the air? 3. Label: 9

10 4. Nitrogen cycle- - Assimilation absorbs - Ammonification produces/makes - Nitrification turns ammonia into - Denitrification turns back into nitrogen gas 5. Considering the atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen gas (N2), are animals able to directly take in nitrogen gas? 6. How are animals able to get the nitrogen they need from free floating nitrogen gas? 7. Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by found on the roots of. Taxonomy Use the table below to answer the following questions: GROUP NAME KINGDOM ORGANISM HUMAN Animalia CHIMPANZE Animalia HOUSE CAT Animalia LION Animalia HOUSEFLY Animalia PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropoda CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera FAMILY Hominidae Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica Scientific Name Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Felis Felis leo Musca 11. Which two animals are most closely related according to the chart? Why are they most closely related? 12. Why is it important to have a universal naming system (binomial nomenclature)? 14. How are genus and species correctly written? 15. What is the genus name of Canis familiaris? 16. What is the species name of Canis familiaris? 10

11 Use the dichotomous key below to identify the aliens: 1a. The creature has a large wide head...go to 2 1b. The creature has a small narrow head...go to 11 2a. It has 3 eyes...go to 3 2b. It has 2 eyes...go to 7 3a. There is a star in the middle of its chest...go to 4 3b. There is no star in the middle of its chest...go to 6 4a. The creature has hair spikes...broadus hairus 4b. The creature has no hair spikes...go to 5 5a. The bottom of the creature is arch-shaped...broadus archus 5b. The bottom of the creature is M-shaped...Broadus emmus 6a. The creature has an arch-shaped bottom...broadus plainus 6b. The creature has an M-shaped bottom...broadus tritops 17. Name 18. Name 11