3/14/2017. Shelter Cat or Sheltered Cat? The Road Map. April 9, Miranda K. Workman, MS CABC, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KSA. How Training Play Case Studies

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1 April 9, 2017 Miranda K. Workman, MS CABC, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KSA Shelter Cat or Sheltered Cat? Home environment Free to move around entire home/territory Able to choose social partners Ability to access resources Predictability and Routine Shelter environment Confinement Social Isolation or arranged marriages No choice regarding access to resources Lack of predictability in daily routine Unable to retreat from environment The Road Map What Five Freedoms Five Provisions Sensory Info Enrichment Goals Why Improved Welfare Education Where Housing Who Enrichment Providers Cats How Training Play Case Studies 1

2 WHAT The Five Freedoms Freedom from hunger & thirst Ready access to fresh water & diet to maintain full health and vigor The Five Provisions Good nutrition Minimize thirst and hunger, enable eating to be a positive experience The Five Freedoms Freedom from pain, injury or disease Prevention, rapid diagnosis, treatment The Five Provisions Good health Minimize aversive experiences, promote pleasurable experience and physical experience The Five Freedoms Freedom from discomfort Appropriate environment, shelter, resting area The Five Provisions Good environment Minimize discomfort/exposure and promote thermal, physical, other comforts 2

3 The Five Freedoms Freedom to express normal behavior (species-specific) Sufficient space, proper facilities & company of other cats The Five Provisions Appropriate behavior Minimize threats & unpleasant restrictions on behavior, promote engagement in rewarding activities The Five Freedoms Freedom from fear and distress Conditions/treatment that avoid mental suffering The Five Provisions Positive mental experiences Promote various forms of comfort, pleasure, interest, confidence and a sense of control Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile 3

4 Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Ellis, S. & Wells, D. (2010) The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behaviour of cats housed in a rescue shelter Applied Animal Behavior Science 123:

5 Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Sensory Enrichment Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Touch by whom? 5

6 Are you paying attention?? Feline Bite/Scratch Reports 6 month period In/Out Carrier (8) In/Out Cage (12) Holding (6) Petting/Handling (13) Trying to Catch (6) Cleaning Cage (2) Pulling from ceiling tile (1) Child pulled tail (1) Medical Restraint (5) Fell on cat (1) Collar caught on leg (1) Attacked sleeping owner (1) Enrichment Goals Increase behavioural diversity Reduce the frequency of abnormal behaviour Increase the range or number of normal, species-typical behaviour patterns Increase positive utilization of the environment Increase the ability to cope with challenges in a more normal way. 6

7 Environmental Enrichment Strategies Ellis, S. (2009) Environmental Enrichment: Practical Strategies for Improving Feline Welfare, Journal Feline Medicine & Surgery 11: Putting It All Together Five Freedoms Hunger & thirst Pain, injury, disease Discomfort Express normal behaviors Fear & distress Five Provisions Good nutrition Good health Good environment Appropriate behavior Positive mental experiences Sensory Visual Auditory Olfactory Taste Tactile Enrichment Goals Increase behavioral diversity Reduce # abnormal behaviors Increase # and range of normal behavior Increase positive utilization of environment Improve coping skills WHY Enrichment, Training & Welfare Decreasing risks Improving physical and psychological welfare Seeing the whole cat Ultimately welfare is defined on an individual bases 7

8 WHY Educating Our Communities Show your community the untapped potential of cats WHY Happy Caregivers More smiles & laughter Creates opportunities to directly contribute to making a difference and saving a life by empowering staff & volunteers WHERE Housing and Enrichment In Shelter In cage enrichment, single cat In cage enrichment, multi-cat Out of cage enrichment, single cat Out of cage enrichment, multi-cat Windows/No Windows Sound Placement (high vs. low) Offsite Foster Care 8

9 WHERE Housing and Enrichment WHERE Foster Care Kittens Adolescents Adult Cats WHO Enrichment Providers Staff Volunteers Specialized Volunteers Foster Homes Shelter Visitors AdvoCATs SPCA Serving Erie County 9

10 WHO Types of Responders: Active vs. Passive Responders WHO Active Responder Often at front of cage/enclosure Rears on hind legs, attempts to climb cage/enclosure Attempts to escape by pawing at exit point to cage/enclosure Paws anyone passing cage/enclosure Paces at front of enclosure/exit points in home Attention-seeking vocalizations Follows owner(s) in home Displays aggressive behaviour towards people/other animals in the home May be destructive or house soil if left alone in the home WHO Passive Responder Behavioral depression, including inhibition of maintenance behaviours such as feeding, drinking, grooming, elimination Immobility, often attempting to hide (head and/or body may be hidden under bedding/structure) No vocalizations (although may display defensive vocalizations such as hissing/growing if approached. Lack of interest in the environment (both social and physical) 10

11 Play as Enrichment Object play Food play Predatory play Social play With other cats With other animals Human & non-human Training as Enrichment Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Targeting Shaping Luring Capturing Photo courtesy of Anne Neville/ Buffalo News +R Training: Cat Pawsitive I can t thank this program enough for allowing us glimpses of cats true personalities and not just their coping mechanisms in the shelter. 11

12 Kittens on Campus Behavioral Foster Care: Pawsitive Journeys Identify Cats Identify Foster Homes Provide Support Photo courtesy of SPCA Serving Erie County Enrichment and Behavior Case Study: Hattie Aggressive Behavior Inappropriate Play Confinement Frustration 12

13 Enrichment and Behavior Medical Cases Cats in Isolation (contagious disease) Post-surgical/surgical recovery Case Study: Louie Traumatic injury/conditions requiring cage rest/confinement Case Study: Trax Louie Trax Enrichment and Behavior Case Study: Athena Lack of response to environment Unknown medical condition? WHEN In Summary WHAT WHERE WHO WHEN NOW!! 13

14 INFO References Dybdall, K., Strasser, R., & Katz, T. (2007). Behavioral differences between owner surrender and stray domestic cats after entering an animal shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 104(1), Cannas, S., Maltese, F., Boselli, A., Talamnoti, Z. & Palestrini, C., (2014) Effect of F3 fraction of facial pheromone on cats behavior in a boarding cattery: A pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 6(9): e17 DeLuca, A. M., & Kranda, K. C. (1992). Environmental enrichment in a large animal facility. Lab animal (USA). Ellis, S. & Wells, D. (2010). The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behavior of cats housed in a rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123: Ellis, S. (2009) Practical strategies for improving feline welfare. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 11: Ewing, T. (2010) Hyperesthesia Syndrome [ONLINE] Available at: (Last Accessed: 9/10/2015) Farm Animal Welfare Council. (1992) Five freedoms. Vet. Rec, 131: 357 Gourkow, N. & Fraser, D. (2006) The effect of housing and handling practices on the welfare, behavior and selection of domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus) by adopters in an animal shelter. Animal Welfare, 15: Gourkow, N., & Phillips, C. J. (2016). Effect of cognitive enrichment on behavior, mucosal immunity and upper respiratory disease of shelter cats rated as frustrated on arrival. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 131, Gouveia, K., Magalhães, A., & de Sousa, L. (2011). The behaviour of domestic cats in a shelter: Residence time, density and sex ratio. Applied animal behaviour science, 130(1), Guy, N., Hopson, M., Vanderstichel, R. (2014). Litterbox size preference in domestic cats (Felis catus). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9(2): INFO Kessler, M. R., & Turner, D. C. (1997). Stress and adaptation of cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed singly, in pairs and in groups in boarding catteries. Animal Welfare,6(3), Kessler, M. R., & Turner, D. C. (1999). Socialization and stress in cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed singly and in groups in animal shelters. Animal Welfare, 8: Kry, K. & Casey, R. (2007) The effect of hiding enrichment on stress levels and behavior of domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus) in a shelter setting and the implication for adoption potential. Animal Welfare, 16: Maddie s Fund (2015) Capacity for Care. [ONLINE] Available at: (Last Accessed: 9/13/15) Mellor, D. J. (2016). Moving beyond the five freedoms by updating the five provisions and introducing aligned animal welfare aims. Animals, 6(10), 59. Mellor, D. J. (2016). Updating animal welfare thinking: Moving beyond the Five Freedoms towards a Life Worth Living. Animals, 6(3), 21. Mira, F., Costa, A., Mendes, E., Azevedo, P., & Carreira, L. M. (2015). Influence of music and its genres on respiratory rate and pupil diameter variations in cats under general anaesthesia: contribution to promoting patient safety. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, X Open Paw. Minimum Mental Health Requirements for Shelters. [ONLINE] Available at: (Last Accessed: 9/10/15) Patel, G., Health, S., Coyne, K. & German, A.C. (2010) Pilot study to investigate whether a feline pheromone analogue reduces anxiety-related behavior during clinical examination of cats in a rescue shelter. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 5(1): 33 Rehnberg, L. K., Robert, K. A., Watson, S. J., & Peters, R. A. (2015). The effects of social interaction and environmental enrichment on the space use, behaviour and stress of owned housecats facing a novel environment.applied Animal Behaviour Science, 169, Stella, J., Croney, C., & Buffington, T. (2014). Environmental factors that affect the behavior and welfare of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) housed in cages. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 160, Vinke, C.M., Van Der Leij, W.J.R. (2014) Will a hiding box provide stress reduction for shelter cats? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 160: Workman, M.K. (2014) Ares The Power of choice (or Trusting Your Crazy Ideas). [ONLINE} Crazy-Ideas/c17jj/4EE F-482B-A707-E69FB9E7E335 (Last Accessed: 9/10/15) THANK YOU! Miranda K. Workman, MS CABC, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KSA Clinical Assistant Professor, Canisius College Lead Trainer/Mentor, Jackson Galaxy Foundation Chair, Cat Division, IAABC workmanm@canisius.edu 14