PCC Late Fall Newsletter

Transcription

1 PCC Late Fall Newsletter D E C E M B E R L A T E F A L L List of Officers and Committees I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E : CARE Seminar pictures and review 2-8 Mint 9-10 The Retina Get your groom on Christmas Dog- TREATS Member s Achievements Some Humor 20 Next News Letter 21 President/Présidente: Joanne Reichertz First Vice-president/Vice-présidente: Carole Ann Grayson Second Vice-president/Deuxième Vice-présidente: Lisa Kimberly Glickman Corresponding Secretary/Secrétaire de correspondance: Barbara Caissie Recording Secretary/Secrétaire d archives: Debra Drake Treasurer/Trésorière: Barbara O Donaughy Past-president: Mary Jane Weir, Directors/Directrices: Alberta: Victoria (Tory) Tomblin British Columbia: Suzanne Loblaw Ontario: Anne Bell Quebec: VACANT Membership Chairperson: Jane Beaudry Standing Committee Chairs: Amendments: Ann Bell Library: Joanne Reichertz Good & Welfare:? Newsletter: Gloria Koolsbergen Education: VACANT Obedience/Rally: Debby DaCosta Field: VACANT Versatility: Gillian Anglin Health officer: VACANT

2 P A G E 2 CARE CANINE ADVANTAGE RESOURCES & EDUCATION 2017 CONFERENCE outcome OCTOBER 14 & LAVAL QUEBEC Opening discussion by all guest speakers about the most important traits to breed on a poodle, which surprisingly was temperament! Lisa Glickman have uploaded all the photos that she took to an album on Flickr. These are unedited and some may not be the most wonderful shots; but they are all there so you can download any of them that please you. There is a smaller, edited album on her personal FB page (she was not able to put it on the CARE FB page). You may share that album or add to it ( media_set? set=a &type=3&pnref=story) The flickr album, with ALL the photos: W E H A D T H E P R I V I L E G E T O A S S I S T T H E M O S T A M A Z I N G C H O I C E S O F G R E A T S P E A K E R S, W I T H M A N Y I N T E R E S T I N G S U B J E C T S T O S H A R E A N D G R E A T E X P E R I - E N C E I N M A N Y F I E L D S. Guest speakers Dawn Harbour and Jac Harbour-two great poodle breeders, Jac later presented the Recipe for a Performance Prospect

3 Christine Scruggs VMD She does compete in performance events as well as conformation. I enjoy training my dogs in agility, reason why I assisted her presentation on Physics and forces on the performance dog - agility, field trial/hunting poodles, flyball, dock diving, obedience. It was very interesting how she explained conformation versus performance and injuries the dogs can suffer from flyball. Dr. Christine Scruggs made a presentation on canine reproduction issues, genetics, health & structure. As a veterinarian and poodle breeder, she is intimately familiar with the health challenges faced by the breed. One of her areas of expertise is canine reproduction. Christine is also the author of multiple articles published in various journals. P A G E 3 Natalie Green Tessier, Better-bred.com, Poodles de Grenier, New York: presented on the Dr. Peder-son /UC Davis Dog genetics study and how to understand the test re-sults. Natalie breeds standard poodles. Learning about the state of the narrow gene pool and health issues in standard poodles inspired her to looks for unusual pedigrees and get involved seriously in an effort to preserve this historic breed. Natalie is one of the founding members of the Standard Poodle Project, and acted as an advisor to Dr Niels Pederson of the UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Lab. She shared some data on the program she designed a program and software which analyzes the data of hundreds to thousands of dogs This study is done to help breeders choose the best mate choice (genetically, for maximum diversity). Natalie gave several presentations on genetics, the UC Davis studies, and how to implement the tools on BetterBred for use in your program. She illustrated the different family clusters with groups with Smarties. My goal is to learn to breed smarter!. I would love to learn how to use this new tools... As a poodle breeder and agility trainer, I was more interested to assist to lectures about breeding and performance. I did not want to miss on canine reproduction either. There was so much to choose on the program it was confusing and challenging to get to see the most attractive lectures available!

4 P A G E 4 Some More interesting Lectures... Anders Rosell made amazing presentations on Breeding, Showing, and Grooming with a demo and Hands-On workshops. He illustrated the perfect conformation and angulation of a poodle in every class he gave. Anders showed a number of slides where he spoke about structure, movement, breed details in a Poodle and with 5 different breed standards in mind! Anders also does easy comparisons to other breeds as an eye opener. Allison Foley was there as well Anders surprised us all with a picture on slide showing Allison at 15 years old when she showed her first poodle. By Anders Rosell & Allison Foley. Understanding Poodle Structure and Movement from a Groomer s Perspective; deconstructing what the hair hides. Talking about performance drills outside with Jac Harbour Allison Foley, Anders Rosell, Terri Hotchkiss and Nancy Bryson

5 P A G E 5 Allison Foley was there Sunday morning on Beginner and Intermediate Handling Tips class to explain conformation and handling skills from young aspiring handlers or other more experienced breeders or passionate people interested on doing some owner handling in the near future. She did a few evaluations of the dogs from attendants. Class with Gayle Watkins talking about tweatable traits and forgiveness! Talking outside about performance with Jac Harbour. Gayle & Jac together did a conference on Matching Pups to Homes with Avidog s Puppy Evaluation Test (APET) Jac Harbour did Puppy Evaluations. Grooming competition

6 P A G E 6 YOU KNOW YOU'VE WAITED TOO LONG TO FIND A CARE Conference Moments There was raffles, the door prizes, and the grooming competition! Myra Savant Harris picked out Rosemary Euringer's name for the beautiful whelping tools kit holder and DVD set There were 15 door prizes on Saturday and another 15 on Sunday -and in most cases the raffles and the door prizes were all won by different people! We were very lucky to be able to share special times with old friends and acquaintances that share our interest in breeding better, dog health and conditioning, grooming, training, evaluating and some much more... There were a few PCC members present and we enjoyed sharing all the conferences and getting to know all this famous people.

7 P A G E 7 We met the members of SPIN (standard poodles in Need). They were collecting funds by selling products and offering some dogs for adoption. SPCA and ROSIE adoption Services were there as well.

8 P A G E 8 CARE CONFERENCE GROOMING COMPETITION All around groomer prize was won by Chantel Hunt. Dog of the Day was won by Nicole Gilbert and her Cocker Spaniel. BIS for the grooming was Nadia Bongelli with the gorgeous poodle Enzo, looking very handsome in German clip Creative grooming Prize was won by Priscilla Suddard and her amazing tribute to Prince Second prize was won by Wynne Wong with lovely Glow Joya de Plata.

9 P A G E 9 Herbs: Mint an herb you can share with your dog From Animal Wellness by Audi Donamor_ vol. 19 issue 2 It doesn t just flavor food or freshen breath mint offers a range of nutritional and health benefits that can boost your dog s wellness. Mint is a pungent herb well-loved for its flavors, scents and pest-repelling qualities, but did you know it s also good for your dog? When used to season recipes, or made into infusions or breath fresheners, mints of many different types can offer a range of health benefits to your pooch. Mint is packed with nutritional value You might be surprised to learn that mint is packed with nutrients: It s a good source of vitamins A and C. Mint contains minerals such as calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, manganese, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and zinc. It s also a source of dietary fiber and protein. Mint is a powerful antioxidant, and is known for its antibacterial, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Mint contains rosmarinic acid, which has been studied for its effectiveness in relieving seasonal allergy symptoms. It also contains menthol, a natural decongestant that helps break up phlegm and mucus. It is a calming and soothing herb, and can be used to soothe an upset stomach, reduce gas, and stave off nausea and motion sickness. Mint has even been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and to help with the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Mint has a long history as both food and medicine The ancient Greeks cleaned their banquet tables with mint and added it to bath water, while the Romans included mint leaves in their sauces to aid digestion and freshen breath. Medieval monks incorporated mint into both their diet and medicine. It s believed mint was brought to the New World in the 17th century, and today, the US produces 70% of the world s peppermint and spearmint. Juliette de Bairacli Levy, the mother of herbal medicine for pets, recommended an infusion using all parts of the peppermint plant for appetite loss. And in combination with ginger, mint has long been considered soothing to the whole gastrointestinal system. Choosing and growing mints There are quite a few different types of mint, from the well-known spearmint and peppermint, to apple mint, pineapple mint, lavender mint and many others. (Warning: Avoid pennyroyal it s a toxic non-culinary mint and should not be ingested by either people or pets.) One of the great things about mint is that it s easy to grow. I have learned a valuable lesson, though. Let mint have its way, and it will take over your garden, so if you are interested in adding mint to your dog s diet (and yours too), plant a variety of mints in pots for your patio, balcony or window ledge. Alternatively, you can sink the pots into the ground. It s not unusual to see my dogs grazing on the mint that grows in my own garden. From single leaves to mature stalks, they love to include mint in their diets, whether fresh from the garden or in one of the recipes with this article. Continues next page with recipes:

10 Minty meatballs Ingredients 1 lb ground meat (e.g., kangaroo, ostrich) 2 eggs 1 tsp first pressed olive oil, to drizzle in pan ½ cup fresh mint leaves, minced; or 1/4 cup dried mint leaves ¼ cup fresh flat parsley leaves, minced ½ tsp sea salt ½ tsp turmeric ¼ tsp cracked black pepper (optional) 1 clove garlic, minced; or 1/4 tsp garlic powder (optional Instructions Choose organic ingredients when you can. Combine all ingredients, except the olive oil and eggs, in a large mixing bowl. Add eggs and mix thoroughly, until all ingredients are well incorporated. Form into meatballs, at least 12. Drizzle olive oil into pan and turn heat on high. As soon as one bubble appears, turn heat down to medium, and add meatballs. Cook until pink disappears. Turn out onto plate, and cool completely before serving. Can be stored in the refrigerator, or frozen in a container or Ziploc bag. Meaty meatballs can be served with whole brown rice or quinoa, and topped with a dollop of yogurt. For a tasty topper, try taking ½ cup of goat milk or Balkan style yogurt, and adding 1½ tsp first pressed olive oil; 1 tbsp fresh mint leaves, minced, or 1½ tsp dried mint; 1 clove garlic, minced (optional) or ¼ teaspoon garlic powder (optional). The meatballs can also be served to your dog raw, or rolled in quinoa cereal before cooking. P A G E 10 Instructions Preheat oven to 350 F. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup. Combine dry ingredients in a large mixing bowl. Add wet ingredients. Mix thoroughly until dough pulls away from the sides of the bowl. Turn onto cookie sheet and roll out right to the corners. Score lightly with a sharp knife. Bake for 20 minutes. Turn oven down to 200 F, and bake for another 40 minutes, or until biscuits are bone hard. Remove from oven, cool completely, and store in a cookie jar or Ziploc bag. Mint infusion Tear a few fresh mint leaves into small pieces. Place them in a strainer over a glass bowl. Pour boiling water over the leaves, until the water covers them completely. Cover the bowl, and let your mint infusion steep for five to ten minutes. Then, with the back of a wooden spoon, muddle the leaves, strain, and allow to cool completely. Add some of this infusion to your dog s water bowl or to a meal. Don t forget to enjoy it yourself, too! Minty mouth Ingredients 10 drops grapefruit seed extract 6 drops peppermint (Menta piperita) essential oil (choose oil that is labeled for culinary use) ¼ teaspoon Saigon cinnamon 7 ounces filtered water Instructions Combine ingredients in a dark glass or opaque spray bottle. Store in refrigerator and shake well before use. Spritz in your dog s mouth up to four times each day for fresher breath three to five short pumps are all you need! Don t be surprised if your dog smacks his lips after a spritz! Mint magic cookies Ingredients 4 cups whole oat flour (or other whole flour of your choice) 1 tbsp fresh peppermint leaves, chopped; or 1½ tsp dried mint 1 tbsp Saigon cinnamon ½ tsp ginger 1 tsp pure vanilla extract 2 cups organic pumpkin (not canned pumpkin pie filling), apple sauce or unsweetened apple butter 1 cup filtered water * * * * *

11 P A G E 11 ONH = Optic Nerve Hypoplasia PLEASE!!! We need to send samples of affected dogs to Optigen! From Sally Ciraolo I raise Miniature Poodles and one of the diseases that plague them is Optic Nerve Hypoplasia. I have had this first hand in a pup I produced over 2 years ago and would love to see a DNA test developed for the disease. Dr Aguirre in PA is working very hard to develop a test for it with Optigen but so far 2 years has not given him all the info he needs to develop the test. With a DNA test it would be just like when PRA -prcd hit the breed (before my time) and wiped out many breeders. Then once a DNA test was developed it made it simple to stop producing blind dogs by simply testing our breeding stock. As long as you don't breed Carrier to Carrier you will not produce a Affected. Where PRA develops at ages after 2 years, ONH is from birth. Now I know breeders reading this will say "oh I've never had it in my dogs so am not concerned with added expense of another test". But I have learned it is not always black and white spotting in in young pups. My pup was 100% blind in both eyes so it became obvious something was wrong when she was around 5-6 weeks. Many may only have it in one eye and you would never notice the problem without a simple eye exam by a ophthalmologist at 8 weeks before the litter goes to their new homes. It is a issue of the optic nerve never developing so not sending signals to the brain of what is being seen. A Ophthalmologist can see the optic nerve with their professional tools and a Fundis camera that will take a picture of the optic nerve. This way a pup that you might think continuing on in your program or someone else's has a good optic nerve. This is why it is still out there as those dogs that seem to see just find could be Carriers or Affected and will produce more of the same bred to another dog with the same. I had bred a bitch that was not ever diagnosed with it and at 5 years old; when she produced her 2nd and final litter the dog I chose was a silent carrier too and this is how I got a blind pup. She was a Carrier also and by putting the two together I got the expressed disease ONH. Just to note she is living happily il Arizona with a lovely family and goes camping and hiking...she is a amazing Poodle, but then most with a handicap are very special. When I noticed there was something wrong, she and her littermates went to the Ophthalmologist at 8 weeks old. After talking to Dr Aguirre as what I could of done different he stated that: doing litter Fundus exams at 8 weeks is most important till he develops the DNA test. It is our ONLY tool at this time. I had never even heard of ONH before and always have the eye exam on my breeding stock yearly but never thought of litters tested. Now I know. Dr Aguirre asked me if I could help further him by sending in eye exams ( then called CERF) on each pup, sire and dam and Fundus photo's of each too, plus blood, which I did. I could not get the breeder of the stud dog to do the Fundus photo or blood and I myself paid for his CERF. I was really hoping all this would help in development of the DNA test. But Dr Aguirre needs more samples of Affected Poodles or parents of affected Poodles to help him. I have spoken to a well known prominent breeder that claims it is still out there, but many are sweeping it under the rug and not taking it serious. There had been several litters known to this breeder that were affected by it but was never given any info out on them. So my PLEAD is for ALL breeders of Miniature Poodles to please be humble and understand that no one is looking to point fingers just eradicate the disease and we can only do this by testing our litters and sending Dr Aguirre results if ONH is found in their pups. Here is a where I inquired how his advancement was coming along. Not very promising, let's try and change this and take off out rose colored glasses and test and post to Dr Aguirre any results. (see next page)

12 P A G E 12 The Retina as You Have Never Seen It Before is from Sue Pearce-Kelling President and Manager, OptiGen, LLC Dear Sally, Dr. Aguirre s research team is still working hard on the optic nerve hypoplasia project but, as far as I am aware, there is still very much a need for FUNDUS samples AND BLOOD from poodles affected with optic nerve hypoplasia. They are working very hard on this project but it is never a sure thing to predict how long it will take to discover the gene(s) responsible for these types of diseases. The more samples they have to work with, the better the odds of making progress. As soon as there is any good news to share, we at OptiGen will be SO happy to be helping to spread the word on that. Thank you for your help in providing these essential samples for this research. I ll hope for a helpful discovery in the Aguirre laboratory soon. Kind regards, Sue The FUNDUS of the eye refers collectively to the optic papilla or disk; retinal vasculature, including primary and secondary veins and arterioles; the tapetum lucidum; and the nontapetum nigrum. From: 67th Convention of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, By: Kerry L. Ketring, DVM, DACVO All Animal Eye Clinic, Whitehall, MI, USA T A P E T A L H Y P O P L A S I A C A N B E A L S O D E T E C T E D B Y F U N D U S Introduction New instrumentation for examination of the fundus has made this procedure readily available, cost effective and much easier for the general practitioner. The next step is the recognition of the many variables in the appearance of the normal canine and feline fundi. And lastly, practitioners need to know when the structures of the fundus are abnormal and what the differentials for those abnormalities include. Normal Ocular Fundus of the Dog The fundus of the eye refers collectively to the optic papilla or disk; retinal vasculature, including primary and secondary veins and arterioles; the tapetum lucidum; and the non-tapetum nigrum. The retina extends anteriorly to its termination at the ora ciliaris retina. This is the junction of the nervous tunic (pars nervosa) and the pars plana of the ciliary body. The ora ciliaris retina is closer to the iris in the superior and nasal quadrants, making it difficult to examine in these areas. The optic papilla in the dog is 1.5 ± O.5 mm in diameter and usually protrudes slightly vitreal, above the surface of the retina. In some breeds, and individuals, notably Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, and Shetland Sheepdogs, the disk may be depressed slightly from the surface of the retina. The color of the disk varies from white to pink. The shape may be circular, triangular, or quadrangular. Both the color and shape are determined in part by the extent of myelination anterior to the lamina cribrosa. In some cases, myelin can be seen extending well out from the optic disk in a radial fashion following the major veins, appearing as gray streaks in the nigrum and white streaks in the tapetum. This has been referred to as medullary rays. In some extreme cases, the amount of myelin causes the disk to appear larger than normal. This is a frequent finding in the Boston Terrier and Golden Retriever, which have a large quadrangular optic disk. This condition has been referred to as pseudopapilledema. In all cases, myelin accounts for the irregular margins of the disk. The physiological cup is the large depression located near the center of the disk. The optic pit is a small depression in the central portion of the physiologic cup and is a vestige of the embryonic hyaloid canal and artery. This ap- Contribution sent by LeeAnn Jackson

13 pears as a gray or black spot in the center of the disk. In the 6 to 8 week old puppy, the optic disk appears small compared with the retinal vessels, and the borders appear indistinct. The disk is located near the junction of the tapetum and nigrum and slightly nasal and ventral to the longitudinal axis of the eye. In the giant breeds and gazehounds, it is often completely located within the tapetum, and in toy breeds, it is frequently surrounded by the nigrum. If the disk is located in the tapetum, it may be completely surrounded by a pigmented ring due to focal absence of tapetum and the exposure of normal choroidal pigment. A complete or crescent ring of hyperreflectivity may be present around the disk. This is termed peripapillary conus and is due to a thinning of the peripapillar retinal layers, which causes increased reflectivity of the tapetum. The dog has a visual streak in the tapetal region slightly superior and temporal to the optic disk. This is usually only detectable histologically as an area of decrease vessels and an increase density of cone photoreceptors, ganglion cells and rhodopsin. This oval area extends slightly nasally and temporally and is believed to be the area of increase visual acuity. This area may the first location of tapetal hyperreflectivity in early cases of progressive retinal atrophy in some breeds. The retinal vessels are located in the nerve fiber layer which is composed of the axons of the ganglion cells and the second innermost layer of the retina. The continuation of the nerve fiber layer comprises the optic nerve. There are 3 to 5 primary retinal veins. However, the most common distribution is four primary veins located dorsal, ventral, ventrotemporal, and ventronasal from the optic disk. The veins join within the disk to form an incomplete or complete anastomosing venous ring or circle. The physiologic cup is located within the ring. The venous circle may pulsate and disappear during examination. This pulsating is independent of the heart or respiratory rate. It has been suggested that it results from pressure exerted on the thin sclera by contraction of the extra-ocular muscles. This may be demonstrated by applying digital pressure to the globe, which causes blanching of the vessels on the nerve head. Retinal veins are larger and darker red than the arterioles. Frequently, a light streak can be seen in the center of the vein. This is a normal reflection from the internal limiting membrane, the inner most of the ten retinal layers, overlying the surface of the vessel. The secondary veins can be seen branching from the primary veins and may play a part in the venous circle. Retinal arterioles are approximately one half to one third the diameter of the primary veins. The number of P A G E 13 arterioles varies, with the number reported to be as high as 20. The arterioles originate from the periphery of the optic disk and tend to be more tortuous than the veins. In some breeds such as the Airedale, the arterioles may have an increased tortuosity. The arterioles are brighter red than the veins. On close examination, a light streak may also be seen on the arterioles. The tapetum is a multi-cell layer located deep to the retinal pigmented epithelium and is actually the inner layer of the choroid. It is located in the dorsal half of the fundus, tri-angular in shape, with the most acute angle located nasally. The tapetum does not extend to the peripheral retina, and it is surrounded by the nigrum. The tapetum comprises approximately one-third of the fundus oculi, depending on the breed. The tapetal cells do not contain pigment but selectively resorb and reflect different light waves, resulting in the apparent color. The tapetum is dark at birth; gradually changes to gray shades before becoming blue at 7 8 weeks and then reaching its mature color at approximately 16 weeks of age. As the dog matures, the tapetum will take on the adult color of various shades of blue, green, yellow, orange or red. The variety of colors and configurations of the mature tapetum is endless. This is especially noticeable at the peripheral tapetal and non-tapetal junction. The color of the tapetum frequently changes shades as it approaches the non-tapetal area. At the nasal and temporal tapetum, it is not uncommon to find dark areas of choroidal pigmentation. Islands of tapetal cells may also be present well within the non-tapetal area. Against the dark background, these islands of tapetal cells appear very bright. Dogs with a naturally short hair coat have a well-defined border between the tapetal and non-tapetal areas, whereas dogs with a naturally long hair coat have a poorly-defined border between the tapetal and non-tapetal areas with tapetal islets extending intermittently down into the non-tapetal area. On close examination of the tapetum, small black or brown spots may be seen intermixed with the normal tapetal color. This has been referred to as beadiness or stippling and is especially prominent at the peripheral tapetum. One explanation for this has been the thinning of the tapetum, resulting in the presence of choroidal pigment. Normally the retinal pigmented epithelium contains pigment only in the non-tapetum or inferior fundus. The presence of certain amounts of pigment in this layer overlying the tapetum has also been suggested as a possible Practitioners need to know when the structures of the FUNDUS are abnormal and what the differentials for those abnormalities include

14 cause of stippling. Pigment in the epithelium may also cause the dull appearance of the tapetum seen frequently in breeds such as the golden retriever. This would have to be confirmed histologically. Long posterior ciliary arteries pierce the sclera nasal and temporal to the optic disc. They course anteriorly within the sclera to the ciliary body, and may result in a change in tapetal reflectivity. When viewed with decrease light intensity, this may be misinterpreted as tapetal hyperreflectivity. The nigrum occupies the largest proportion of the fundus oculi. It is found ventrally and completely surrounds the tapetum. The color of the nigrum may be black, dark brown, gray or various shades of red. The color is determined by the amount of pigment in the retinal pigmented epithelium and the choroidal pigment. If there is little pigment in these areas, the choroidal vessels provide a red or reddish-brown cast common to dogs with a yellow iris such as the English Springer Spaniel, Weimaraner, and Dalmatian. In the non-tapetum, a reflection is seen similar to that from the surface of a lake. This is a normal phenomenon and is believed to be the reflection of light off the internal limiting membrane of the retina. T H E F U N C T I O N O F T H E T A P E T U M I S Q U E S T I O N A B L E. I T H A S B E E N S U G G E S T E D T H A T I T I S A N A I D T O V I S I O N I N D I M L I G H T B Y R E F L E C T I N G T H E L I G H T B A C K T H R O U G H T H E R E T I N A. T H E T A P E T U M I S G R E A T L Y R E D U C E D I N S I Z E, T E R M E D T A P E T A L H Y P O P L A S I A, in many toy breeds such as the Dachshund, Schnauzer and Chihuahua, and in individuals that carry the blue merle factor for hair color and pattern. T H E T A P E T U M M A Y B E T O T A L L Y A B S E N T I N S O M E I N D I V I D U A L S. S O M E I N D I V I D U- A L S W I T H A L O N G H A I R C O A T M A Y H A V E O N L Y M U L T I P L E F O C A L I S L A N D S O F T A P E T A L C E L L S I N T H E N O R M A L T A P E T A L A R E A. D O G S T H A T A R E A T A P E T A L O R H A V E T A P E T A L H Y P O P L A S I A H A V E N O D E T E C T A B L E V I S U A L D E F I C I T. If a dog is atapetal and albinoid, (decrease choroidal pigment and pigment in the inferior retinal pigmented epithelium) the entire fundus reflection will be red. This is a frequent finding in blue-eyed Siberian Huskies and Old English Sheepdogs. This is due to the choroidal blood vessels, which in some cases can be clearly seen with white sclera visible between the vessels. The choroidal vessels are not as dark as the primary retinal veins and appear to radiate from the optic disk in a sunburst pattern. The diameter of the choroidal ves- P A G E 14 sels may vary considerably even in one eye. It is not uncommon to have one albinoid fundus and one normally pigmented, especially in a dog with different colored irides. If the dog is atapetal and heavily pigmented, the entire fundus will be dark. In these individuals, the optic nerve appears white or pale against the pigmented background. Between these extremes are many degrees of tapetal hypoplasia and decreased pigment in the choroid and pigmented retinal epithelium. In some cases, there may be only one area where red streaks will be seen in the tapetal or nontapetal area and this is referred to as a tigroid fundus. Superiorly, this would be due to lack of choroidal pigment in addition to tapetal hypoplasia. Inferiorly, the pigment is lacking in both the choroid and retinal pigmented epithelium. The tigroid or albinoid fundi are frequently misinterpreted as retinal hemorrhage or detachments. The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and the remaining 9 layers of the retina (sensory retina or nervous retina) are derived from different embryonic layers. That explains why in inflammatory diseases of the posterior segment resulting in a retinal detachment is more correctly termed a retinal separation as the RPE separates from the sensory retina. The sensory layers of the retina contain no pigment. Beside the vessels, one can see through the retina to the underlying tapetum or choroidal pigment and vessels. If the choroidal layer lacks pigment, the white sclera will be seen. The retina acts like a neutral density filter over the tapetum. When the retina is atrophic or detached and becomes disinserted at the ora, the underlying tapetum will reflect more brilliantly, a condition which is called tapetal hyperreflectivity. As previously mentioned, the retina terminates anteriorly at the ora ciliaris retina. This area is difficult to view with a direct ophthalmoscope, even through a widely dilated pupil. The area is best viewed in the temporal and inferior fundus. Histologically, the area is well defined because the sensory elements of the retina end and the pigmented epithelium continues as one of the two epithelial layers covering the ciliary body and processes, posterior iris and terminating at the pupil margin as the iris ruff. The remaining nine layers continue as the non-pigmented epithelial layer to the pupil margin. When viewed ophthalmoscopically, the area is delineated by a somewhat irregular line formed by the darker pigmentation of the ciliary processes. In addition to a possible circumferential arteriole in this area, clusters or isolated elevated cysts may be seen. This is termed peripheral cystoid retinal degeneration and is a common aging process. As mentioned, this would be difficult to view with direct ophthalmoscopy but would be an alarming finding if only a glimpse of the area is caught.

15 October 20-22, 2017 P A G E 15 GET YOUR GROOM ON _ Burlington, Ontario It was a hectic two weekends if you wanted to assist both events the CARE seminar in Montreal, and the Grooming Seminar organized by Allie Hardie, but it was well worth it to go to both. We had a great line up of demonstrations! Anders Rosell, Ann Martin, Allison Hardie and Lisa Stell Leady Here we see Ann Marting showing how to do a good puppy trim. Ann Martin brought a combination of Dog Show experience, judge and lecturer, teaching techniques to encourage both new and experienced groomers. Detail on top line on the Desi Clip! Allie Cowie Hardy made a presentation of a very elegant clip she uses on her PCA prize winner poodle. This is the Desi clip, a combination of the modern clip with a twist. Allie Cowie Hardy and Ann Martin made a presentation of how to do a proper continental Clip and showed us how to place properly the rosettes, and bracelets..

16 GET YOUR GROOM ON _ Burlington, Ontario P A G E 16 Anders gave us an explanation of the T-clip or Toilet modern, and how the German clip is the same with shaven ears and tail, also known as the Terrier clip. He also made a demonstration of the European clip On a lovely miniature parti poodle. He showed us scissoring techniques, and how to scissor on difficult places. There was also hands on teaching by the masters. It was a great experience and a lot to learn in a week-end! If available again I highly recommend it!

17 P A G E 17 YOU KNOW YOU'VE WAITED TOO LONG TO FIND A Christmas TREATS Bacon and cheddar dog biscuits Start off by frying up bacon in my cast iron skillet. Once the bacon is fried, let it cool completely on a plate lined with a paper towel. It s important that the bacon is cool for the next step. With the paddle mixer attached, place your bacon, cheese, and milled oatmeal (used my NutriBullet, but a blender should work too) into the mixing bowl. A stand mixer isn t necessary, but it s my preference. You can add the bacon whole (it has to be crispy), since the paddle attachment will break it up. With all of the dry ingredients combined, add in two eggs to create a dough. You should end up with a thick sticky dough. You ll need a bit more milled oatmeal to dust the surface that you re working on to prevent the dough from sticking. Roll the dough out, use cookie cutters to cut out your shapes, bake for about 20 minutes, and feed to your furry friend when cool. Ingredients: 2 cups turkey drippings (boil the remains of your turkey and scrape off every last bit of remaining meat) 2 garlic cloves 1 tablespoon Parmesan cheese 1 tablespoon fresh parsley, chopped 2 whole eggs 2 cups whole grain flour of your choice 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil *Try to use organic and local ingredients whenever possible. Turkey Time Biscuits Instructions Preheat oven to 350ºF. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper. Blend all ingredients together in a food processor or mixer. Form dough (the dough will pull away from the side of the food processor or mixing bowl.) Lightly flour a cutting board or counter. Knead the dough about 12 times and then let it stand about 10 minutes. Roll out the dough to about 1/2" in thickness, and cut into desired shapes. You can also place the ball of dough in the middle of the cookie sheet, and using a rolling pin, or even the side of a glass, roll the dough out to each corner of the cookie sheet and lightly score with a sharp knife or pizza cutter. Before popping the cookie sheet in the oven, you can sprinkle the biscuits with extra parsley and Parmesan cheese, or add a sprinkle of oregano or even catnip for that special feline in your life. Bake for 20 minutes. Turn the oven down to 200ºF and bake for about 30 more minutes. Turn the oven off and allow the biscuits to cool completely and get really hard. Store in an airtight container or a Ziploc bag. Refrigeration is recommended. These biscuits freeze well too. This is a great recipe for using up any turkey leftovers, and the addition of garlic, parsley and Parmesan cheese gives it a European twist.

18 Member s Achievements Reigate Beyond The Moon aka Mitch CD, RN, CGN, AgN, AgNJ, SDDA-A, AAC-ATChC His dam was Ch Reigate s Deja Vue. His sire was Ch Dawin The Aviator P A G E 18 The credit for the photos is to Dog Days Photography For two years Sherry Duncan and Mitch have been getting to know and trust each other. They ve had some wonderful runs and enjoyed the excitement of attending Regional s this last June where they qualified for Nationals, attending that as well. No podium wins, but some great runs in 30 + temperatures. Labour Day Weekend, they Q d a difficult course to earn his Master Jumpers title, 8+ seconds under course time for first place. This run accomplished Sherry s dream of earning Mitch s Agility Trial Champion of Canada title, a huge achievement!! In June Mitch added an Advanced Nosework title to his accomplishments making co-owners Margot Jorgensen and Suzanne Loblaw very proud!!

19 D E C E M B E R P A G E 19 GLOW Miniature Poodles New American Champion Asa s Willy Wonka Glow Factory aka Willy Sire: Ballentine Robinson Dam: GCH. Ch Asa s Unusually Unusual Willy has stunning looks. He finished his Canadian Championship at 7 month old and now he completed his AKC title. He was shown just a few times over a long period of time. He completed his last 2 points for his Am. Championship professionally shown by Rebecca Arch. He has amazing personality, he produced great looking puppies and he is training in agility and obedience. Thank you Allie Cowie Hardie and Rebecca Arch for showing my boy to completion. Bred by: Ann Karin Larsen Owned by: Gloria Koolsbergen New Addition to our Family: Junior Ch. in Slovakia and Montenegro Midas Glow Tesoro Di Mauro Sire: GCH Xanadu X-mas Special von der Salana Dam: C.I.B. multi CH Baiona Tesoro Di Mauro I am very proud and thrilled to introduce Midas, who at the tender age of 7 months was BOB Baby Puppy 9 times, and Best Baby Puppy in Show in Bulgaria. He is already a Junior Ch. In Montenegro and Slovakia. Bred by: Anna and Domenico Di Mauro Owned By: Gloria Koolsbergen For more pictures and information come see his page at:

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21 Next News Letter Next News letter planned for early May 2018, Please I need our member s input!!! Pictures, Interesting Articles, Experiences, Health issues, Brags, Stories, Recipes, etc. Please send input to your editor Gloria Koolsbergen Address poodlesglow@live.com