HATCHABILITY THE TIMING OF MAJOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENTS
|
|
- Vernon Foster
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 HATCHABILITY Understanding timely embryonic developments, as well as analysing hatch residue, are a useful hatchery management tools. They will provide valuable information in isolating problems in both the breeder and the hatchery programs. THE TIMING OF MAJOR EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENTS BEFORE EGG LAYING Fertilization Division and growth of living cells Segregation of cells into groups of special function (gastrulation) Normal size of air cell at various stage of life BETWEEN LAYING AND INCUBATION No growth, state of inactive embryonic life DURING INCUBATION Day 1 Development of area pellucids and area opaca of blastoderm Major developments visible under microscope 18 hours appearance of alimentary tract 19 hours beginning of brain crease 20 hours appearance of vertebral column 21 hours beginning of formation of brain and nervous system 22 hours beginning of formation of head 23 hours appearance of blood islands Day 2 Day 3 24 hours beginning of formation of eyes Embryo begins to turn on left side Blood vessels appear in the yolk sac Major developments visible under microscope: 25 hours beginning of formation of veins and heart 30 hours second, third and fourth vesicles of brain clearly defined, as is heart, which now starts to beat 35 hours beginning of formation of ear pits 36 hours first sign of amnion 46 hours formation of throat Beginning of formation of nose, wings, legs, allantois Amnion completely surrounds embryo Day 4 Beginning of formation of tongue Embryo completely separates from yolk sac and turned on left side
2 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Allantois breaks through amnion Preventriculus and gizzard formed Formation of reproductive organs - sex division Beginning of formation of beak and eggtooth Main division of legs and wings Voluntary movement begins Indication of digits in legs and wings Abdomen more prominent due to development of viscera Day 10 Beginning of formation of feathers Embryo begins to look bird-like Mouth opening appears Beak start to harden Skin pores visible to naked aye Digits completely separated Day 16 Small intestines taken into body Scales, claws, and beak becoming firm and horny Embryo fully covered with feathers Albumen nearly gone, yolk increasingly important as nutriment Day 17 Beak turns toward air cell, amniotic fluid decreases, and embryo begins preparation for hatching Day 18 Day 19 Growth of embryo nearly complete Yolk sac draws into body cavity through umbilicus Embryo occupies most of space with in egg except air cell Day 20 Yolk sac completely drawn into body cavity Embryo becomes chick, breaks amnion, starts breathing in air cell Day 21 Allantois ceases to function and starts to dry up Day 12 Toes fully formed First few visible feathers Day 13 Appearance of scales and claws Body fairly well covered with feathers Day 14 Embryo turns its head towards blunt end of egg Day 15
3 Chick hatches ANALYSING HATCH RESIDUE Analysing hatch residue is a useful management tool that will provide valuable information in isolating problems in both the breeder and the hatchery programs. The following is a list of problems that may be observed and there possible cause(s). 1. Chicks Hatch Late Variable room temperature Large eggs Old eggs Incorrect thermometer Temperature too low, 1 to 19 days Temperature too low in hatchery 2. Fully Developed Embryo with Beak Not in Air Cell Temperature too high, 1 to 10 days Humidity too high, 19th day 3. Fully Developed Embryo with Beak in Air Cell Incubator air circulation poor Humidity too high, 20 to 21 days Shell quality 4. Chicks Pipping Early Temperature too high, 1 to 19 days 5. Chick Dead after Pipping Shell Lethal genes Disease in breeder flock Eggs incubated small end up Thin-shelled eggs Eggs not turned first two weeks Eggs transferred too late Inadequate air circulation, 20 to 21 days CO 2 content of air too high, 20 to 21 days Incorrect temperature, 1 to 19 days Humidity too low, 20 to 21 days 6. Malpositions Egg set small end up Odd-shaped eggs set Inadequate turning 7. Sticky Chicks (albumen sticking to chicks) Eggs transferred too late
4 Humidity too low, 20 to 21 days Down collectors not adequate 8. Sticky Chicks (albumen sticking to down) Old eggs Air speed too slow, 20 to 21 days Inadequate air in incubator Humidity too high, 20 to 21 days Down collectors inadequate 9. Chicks Covered with Egg Remnants Nutrition Humidity too high Temperature too low 10. Eggs Exploding Bacterial contamination of eggs Dirty eggs Improperly washed eggs Incubator infection 11. Clear Eggs Infertile Eggs held improperly Too much egg fumigation Very early embryonic mortality Immature males Male-female ratio Females fat Nutrition Overcrowding flock 12. Blood Ring (embryonic death 2-4 days) Heredity Diseased breeding flock Old eggs Rough handling of hatching eggs Incubating temperature too high Incubating temperature too low Holding temperature Contamination Shell quality Young flock Nutrition Humidity Fumigation Insufficient turning of eggs 13. Dead Embryos, 2 nd Week of Incubation Disease in breeder flock Eggs not cooled prior to incubation Temperature too high in incubator Temperature too low in incubator Electrical power failure Eggs not turned Too much CO 2 in air (inadequate ventilation) Genetics Contamination Parasites
5 Shell quality Humidity 14. Air Cell Too Small Large eggs Humidity too high, 1 to 19 days 15. Air Cell Too Large Small eggs 16. Chicks Hatch Early Small eggs Leghorn eggs versus meat-type eggs Incorrect thermometer Temperature too high, 1 to 19 days 17. Chicks Too Small Eggs produced in hot weather Small eggs Thin, porous eggshells 18. Chicks Too Large Large eggs Humidity too high, 1 to 19 days 19. Trays Not Uniform in Hatch or Chick Quality Eggs from different breeds Eggs of different sizes Eggs of different ages when set Disease or stress in some breeder flocks Inadequate incubation air circulation & heat distribution 20. Soft Chicks Unsanitary incubator conditions Temperature too low, 1 to 19 days Humidity too high, 20 to 21 days 21. Chicks Dehydrated Eggs set too early Humidity too low, 20 to 21 days Chicks left in hatcher too long after hatching completed 22. Mushy Chicks Possible cause: Unsanitary incubator conditions 23. Un-healed Navel, Dry Temperature too low, 20 to 21 days Wide temperature variation in incubator
6 Humidity too high, 20 to 21 days Humidity not lowered after hatching completed 24. Un-healed Navel, Wet and with Odour Omphalitis Unsanitary hatchery and incubators 25. Chicks Cannot Stand Breeder ration inadequate Improper temperature, 1 to 21 days, overheating Humidity too high, 1 to 19 days Inadequate ventilation, 1 to 21 days 26. Crippled Chicks Variation in temperature, 1 to 21 days Malpositions 27. Crooked Toes Improper temperature, 1 to 19 days 28. Spraddle Legs Possible cause: Hatchery trays too smooth 29. Short Down High temperature 30. Closed Eyes Humidity too low, 20 to 21 days
Beginning of Life. 4-H School Enrichment Project
Beginning of Life 4-H School Enrichment Project About the Project Science Based, Hands-on Extension provides educational resources for the project Leaders Manual Suggested Activities Youth Activity sheets
More informationChick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance. Scott Martin LLC - USA
Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance Scott Martin LLC - USA Chick Quality Hatchery Impact on Performance Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC. Field Performance FCR Advantage Advantage of 2
More informationBeginning of Life. 4-H Embryology School Enrichment Program. Samantha Nagurny Extension Agent, 4-H Youth Development Fairfax County
Beginning of Life 4-H Embryology School Enrichment Program Samantha Nagurny Extension Agent, 4-H Youth Development Fairfax County What are we doing? What is 4-H? Youth Development Programming Youth 5-19
More informationSection 6. Embryonic Development and Hatchery Management Notes
Section 6 Embryonic Development and Hatchery Management Notes Slide 2 A well run hatchery is critical for any integrated poultry company whether it be a primary breeder company or a commercial meat company.
More informationBeginning of Life. 4-H Embryology School Enrichment Program. Samantha Nagurny Extension Agent, 4-H Youth Development Fairfax County
Beginning of Life 4-H Embryology School Enrichment Program Samantha Nagurny Extension Agent, 4-H Youth Development Fairfax County What are we doing? What is 4-H? Youth Development Programming Youth 5-19
More informationEMBRYO DIAGNOSIS AN IMPORTANT TOOL TO HELP THE HATCHERY MANAGER
Issue No.14 / September 2007 EMBRYO DIAGNOSIS AN IMPORTANT TOOL TO HELP THE HATCHERY MANAGER By Avian Business Unit CEVA Santé Animale Libourne, France INTRODUCTION Chick quality is the first criterion
More informationOptimum broiler development. A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance
Optimum broiler development A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance 1.1. Why focus on incubation? Today s meat yield birds can produce higher embryonic temperatures and the risk of
More informationHatching Quality Chicks
Hatching Quality Chicks Incubating and hatching domestic fowl eggs is popular among people who have a small flock for eggs and meat and hobbyists with ornamental and fancy birds. These people benefit largely
More informationThe Hatch Window. Publication of Cobb-Vantress, Inc. ONE
Publication of Cobb-Vantress, Inc. ONE - 2008 The hatching of strong, viable birds is a key factor in increased broiler performance. To increase the probability of strong birds, good hatchery management
More informationCritical Points to Consider at the Incubation Process Guaranteeing Quality Chicks. Eddy Van Lierde Aviagen Hatchery Development & Support
Critical Points to Consider at the Incubation Process Guaranteeing Quality Chicks. Eddy Van Lierde Aviagen Hatchery Development & Support Essentials of Incubation For a fertile egg to produce a chick,
More informationHELPFUL HINTS FOR TEACHERS ON INCUBATION AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE CHICK
HELPFUL HINTS FOR TEACHERS ON INCUBATION AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE CHICK Joseph E. Shrack and Michael J. Darre, Ph.D., P.A.S. Cooperative Extension System University of Connecticut Hatching eggs can be exciting,
More informationSmall Flock Series: Incubation of Poultry
1 of 13 1/7/2010 1:29 PM University of Missouri Extension G8353, Revised February 2003 Small Flock Series: Incubation of Poultry Jesse J. Lyons Department of Animal Sciences Hatching eggs watching an egg
More informationINCUBATION TEMPERATURE
INCUBATION TEMPERATURE For most chicken species, the optimum incubation temperature lies between 37.0 and 38.0 o Cen. The optimal value being 37.8 o Cen (100.0 o F ) Embryos are more sensitive to high
More informationEGGS WHICH FAIL TO HATCH
EMTECH HATCH HANDOUT #14 EGGS WHICH FAIL TO HATCH Surveys show that 18.5% of chicken and 30% of turkey eggs fail to produce a 1st quality chick or poult. This wastage is made up as follows: Broilers Turkeys
More informationFollowing on from the Aviagen
1 Successful incubation Following on from the Aviagen articles in International Poultry Production during 2006 we will be producing a series of articles with an incubation and hatchery theme for International
More informationThe Incubation Project Information Pack
The Incubation Project Information Pack Contents Page 2 Introduction 3-4 Incubator Information 5 Chick Development 6 Check Ups 7 Frequently Asked Questions 8 Terms and Conditions 9 Contact Details Introduction
More informationBefore and After: The Chicken and the Egg
Before and After: The Chicken and the Egg Intended for Grade: Second Subject: Math Description: This project provides practice using concepts of the calendar and time-related vocabulary by exploring classroom
More information2018 MN FFA Poultry CDE Exam
2018 MN FFA Poultry CDE Exam Do not write on the exam. Mark the most correct answer on the exam section of your scantron. 1. The production goals of the table egg industry are to produce how many eggs
More informationFFA Poultry Career Development Event 2000 Poultry Judging Contest Arkansas State FFA Judging Contest
FFA Poultry Career Development Event 2000 Poultry Judging Contest Arkansas State FFA Judging Contest Contestant Name: Contestant ID: 1. The per capita egg consumption is: A. 100 eggs per year B. 234 eggs
More informationEGG INCUBATOR User Manual
EGG INCUBATOR User Manual These instructions detail the operation of your new egg incubator. Please read these instructions carefully before setting up your machine to achieve best results and keep these
More informationChick Quality breeder and hatchery influences. Daniel B Pearson Veterinary Health Director Aviagen UK Ltd
Chick Quality breeder and hatchery influences Daniel B Pearson Veterinary Health Director Aviagen UK Ltd Outline Definition of chick quality Nutrition Health Inputs Egg Hatchery Chick handling, storage
More informationHatchability and Early Chick Growth Potential of Broiler Breeder Eggs with Hairline Cracks
2004 Poultry Science Association, Inc. Hatchability and Early Chick Growth Potential of Broiler Breeder Eggs with Hairline Cracks D. M. Barnett, B. L. Kumpula, R. L. Petryk, N. A. Robinson, R. A. Renema,
More informationYZ8-48 Instruction: What you will find inside your packaging: Foam protection Incubator Power cord Instruction booklet
YZ8-48 Instruction: What you will find inside your packaging: Foam protection Incubator Power cord Instruction booklet KEY: 1. Testing your unit for the first time. 2. Setting the temperature. 3. Temperature
More informationEggology (Grades K-2)
Eggology (Grades K-2) Grade Level(s) K - 2 Estimated Time 90 minutes Purpose Students will identify how the basic needs of a growing chick are met during egg incubation. Activities include identifying
More informationDr. Kenneth E. Anderson Poultry Science Department North Carolina State University Box 7608 Raleigh, NC
33 rd NORTH CAROLINA LAYER PERFORMANCE AND MANAGEMENT TEST HATCH AND SEROLOGY SUMMARY Vol. 33, No. 1 October 1998 The North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test is conducted under the auspices
More informationTHE FIRST SEVEN DAYS IN A CHICK S LIFE!
THE FIRST SEVEN DAYS IN A CHICK S LIFE! Dr Anthony Chacko National Trustee, Poultry Association of Zambia. Chicks are still in the Hatcher Mother hen does not exist in modern poultry business. Mother hen
More informationCare of the egg: from nest to farm store9
Care of the egg: from nest to farm store9 By Gerd de Lange, senior poultry specialist, Pas Reform Academy A healthy, well managed breeder flock, receiving a balanced feed ration, will produce good quality
More informationIT HAS been well established that
The Effect of Different Holding Temperatures on the Hatchability of Hens' Eggs M. W. OLSEN AND S. K. HAYNES Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland IT HAS been well established that storage
More informationKey facts for maximum broiler performance. Changing broiler requires a change of approach
Key facts for maximum broiler performance Changing broiler requires a change of approach Good chick quality = UNIFORMITY everywhere in the supply chain Performance 1. Professional breeder house / management
More informationReproductive physiology and eggs
Reproductive physiology and eggs Class Business Reading for this lecture Required. Gill: Chapter 14 1. Reproductive physiology In lecture I will only have time to go over reproductive physiology briefly,
More informationHatching Chicks in the Classroom
Hatching Chicks in the Classroom Table of contents Part 1: Preparing for Incubation Part 2: Egg Activity Part 3: During Incubation Part 4: Hatching Part 5: After Hatching Part 6: Chicks and Chickens Glossary
More informationEFFECT OF MULTI-STAGE INCUBATOR TYPES ON HATCHABILITY AND CHICK QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
Wayamba Journal of Animal Science ISSN: 2012-578X; P1737 - P1742, 2018 First Submitted October 02, 2018; Number 1533274662 EFFECT OF MULTI-STAGE INCUBATOR TYPES ON HATCHABILITY AND CHICK QUALITY OF BROILER
More informationThe INCUBATION HANDBOOK
The INCUBATION HANDBOOK Incubation Specialists CONTENTS 1. Introduction Page Describes the characteristics of the two types of hatched chick and the conditions required by eggs for successful incubation.
More informationDIFFERENT BREEDS DEMAND DIFFERENT INCUBATION MEASURES
CONCERNING POULTRY One can be puzzled by noticing that, from the same batch, in the same incubator, some of the chicks hatch normally, while others die before breaking the shell. Reading the following
More informationINDIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY GLITCHES
INDIAN POULTRY INDUSTRY GLITCHES Shortcomings and IoT Solutions By Kishore Ravichandran EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Indian poultry industry is fragmented, with large number of small scale players contributing to
More informationFFA Poultry Career Development Event 2004 NEO Aggie Day. 1. With regard to egg storage, which of the following statements is FALSE?
FFA Poultry Career Development Event 2004 NEO Aggie Day 1. With regard to egg storage, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The longer the egg storage time, the higher the egg storage temperature
More informationHatchery Tips
Hatchery Tips 2018 Contents Page Tip 1 - Did You Know That If Chicks Are Held Too Long At High Temperatures, It Can Affect Their Growth?.. 3 Tip 2 - What Is Your Meconium Score?... 4 Tip 3 - Let Your Eggs
More informationSANITARY MANAGEMENT OF THE HATCHING EGGS
Issue No.11 / March 2007 SANITARY MANAGEMENT OF THE HATCHING EGGS By Avian Business Unit - CEVA Santé Animale Libourne - FRANCE INTRODUCTION Unquestionably, the sanitary quality of the hatching eggs will
More informationIndustry Vision and Mission for Quality..3. Background and Executive Summary. 4-5
Version 3.0 1 2 Industry Vision and Mission for Quality..3 Background and Executive Summary. 4-5 Industry Standards for Broiler Chick Quality: 1. Laying and Handling of Eggs 6 2. Incubation and Hatching
More informationOptimum broiler development. A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance
Optimum broiler development A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance Contents Introduction Objectives 1. Hatchery 1.1. Why focus on incubation? 1.2. How to establish good chick quality?
More informationFFA Poultry Career Development Event 2004 Poultry Judging District Contests
FFA Poultry Career Development Event 2004 Poultry Judging District Contests 1. In a market broiler house, heaters should be turned on to preheat the house hours before the chicks arrival. A. 5-10 hours
More informationElevated Egg Holding-Room Temperature of 74 F (23 C) Does Not Depress Hatchability or Chick Quality
2003 Poultry Science Association, Inc. Elevated Egg Holding-Room Temperature of 74 F (23 C) Does Not Depress Hatchability or Chick Quality D. V. Bourassa,* R. J. Buhr,1 and J. L. Wilson* *Poultry Science
More informationAviagenBrief. Best Practice Management in the Absence of Antibiotics at the Hatchery. October Aviagen Veterinary Team.
AviagenBrief October 2017 Best Practice Management in the Absence of Antibiotics at the Hatchery Aviagen Veterinary Team Introduction In light of increased antibiotic resistance, and as consumer pressure
More information5 pt. 10 pt. 15 pt. 20 pt. 25 pt
Final Jeopardy Characteristics of Vertebrates Characteristics of Fish Amphibians Reptiles Chapter 16 Vocabulary 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt
More informationPoultry Skillathon 2016
Age Divisions: Junior (8-11) Intermediate (12-14) Senior (15-18) Exhibitors will participate in age-based Skillathons. This study guide includes all topics an exhibitor might be tested on. Youth will only
More informationEffective Hatching Egg Sanitization. Craig D. Coufal, Ph.D.
Effective Hatching Egg Sanitization Craig D. Coufal, Ph.D. Consequences A lack of hatching egg disinfection can lead to: Contaminated/exploding eggs Reduced hatch Cross contamination throughout the hatchery
More informationWe engineer your success. All over the world. HatchCare Automation. Improving animal welfare
We engineer your success. All over the world. HatchCare Automation Improving animal welfare HatchCare Automation Improving animal welfare a Live embryo transfer a In-ovo vaccination a Stress-free chick
More informationThe Effect of Angle of Turning Eggs During Incubation on Hatchability
The Effect of Angle of Turning Eggs During Incubation on Hatchability E. M. FUNK AND JAMES FORWARD Figure 1. Insid e view of incubator used in egg turning experiments. Left to ri gh t the col umns of trays
More information1. If possible, place the class based on loss of pigment (bleaching) from the skin.
4-H Poultry Judging Past egg production (reasons class) Interior egg quality candling Interior egg quality - broken out Exterior egg quality Poultry carcass parts identification Poultry carcass quality
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 50
Biology 1 of 50 2 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What are the characteristics of reptiles? 3 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial
More informationArizona s Raptor Experience, LLC March 2018 ~Newsletter~
Arizona s Raptor Experience, LLC March 2018 ~Newsletter~ Greetings from Chino Valley! We hope you are well and looking forward to warmer weather, budding plants and the return of many birds to your yard.
More informationCHICKENS 101 BIOLOGY (ANATOMY, BREEDS, DEVELOPMENT, & REPRODUCTION)
CHICKENS 101 BIOLOGY (ANATOMY, BREEDS, DEVELOPMENT, & REPRODUCTION) THE BASICS: TERMS 1 Chicken Anatomy 3 THE BASICS: TERMS 1 Chicken Wing & Feather Anatomy 4 THE BASICS - TERMS 1 Chick a new hatch or
More informationFish 2/26/13. Chordates 2. Sharks and Rays (about 470 species) Sharks etc Bony fish. Tetrapods. Osteichthans Lobe fins and lungfish
Chordates 2 Sharks etc Bony fish Osteichthans Lobe fins and lungfish Tetrapods ns Reptiles Birds Feb 27, 2013 Chordates ANCESTRAL DEUTEROSTOME Notochord Common ancestor of chordates Head Vertebral column
More informationHOW TO... Feather Sex Day-Old Chicks in the Hatchery
FEATHER SEXING DAY-OLD CHICKS IN THE HATCHERY It is often necessary to sort day-old chicks by sex at the hatchery. To identify females at the parent generation. To separate male and female broilers so
More informationMadison County Fair Broiler Showmanship Study Questions
Broilers Madison County Fair Broiler Showmanship Study Questions 1. What breed are the birds you showed in the fair? My show broilers were Cornish Rock crosses. The commercial broiler meat industry primarily
More information2015 Iowa State Poultry Judging CDE Written Exam Version A 1. What is the name of the portion of the digestive system that secretes hydrochloric acid
1. What is the name of the portion of the digestive system that secretes hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin? a. Rumen b. Gizzard c. Proventriculus d. Crop 2. In egg laying operations, production goals
More informationEmbryology..an egg-citing adventure
Placer: 11477 E Avenue Auburn, CA 95603 530.889.7385 office 530.889.7397 fax ceplacer@ucdavis.edu Nevada: 255 So. Auburn Street Grass Valley, CA 95945 530.273.4563 office 530.273.4769 fax cenevada@ucdavis.edu
More informationExamining Bird Adaptations
Biology I Unit V: Zoology Chapter 25-28 & DOL: Vertebrates Examining Bird Adaptations Lab Name: Date: Hour: Examining Bird Adaptations Pre-Lab Discussion There are many different types of birds. Each type
More informationSO YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE A BABY... CHICK!! Tips for Teachers Embarking on the Embryology Experience
SO YOU'RE GOING TO HAVE A BABY... CHICK!! Tips for Teachers Embarking on the Embryology Experience by Walter Reeves The Georgia Gardener (tm) INTRODUCTION Incubating eggs is a marvelous learning experience
More informationPriam Psittaculture Centre
. Priam Psittaculture Centre Parrot Incubation Successful parrot egg incubation involves the appropriate management of quality eggs with appropriate incubation equipment. The following is a summary of
More informationVariation of Chicken Embryo Development by Temperature Influence. Anna Morgan Miller. Rockdale Magnet School for Science and Technology
Variation of Chicken Embryo Development by Temperature Influence Anna Morgan Miller Rockdale Magnet School for Science and Technology Anna Morgan Miller Rockdale Magnet School 1174 Bulldog Circle Conyers,
More informationBobwhite Quail Production 1
CIR 879 Bobwhite Quail Production 1 Peter A. Skewes and Henry R. Wilson 2 Foreward The sudden explosion of a bobwhite covey rising from the ground cover produces an exciting thrill, especially for a quail
More informationUnit E: Other Poultry. Lesson 2: Exploring the Duck Industry
Unit E: Other Poultry Lesson 2: Exploring the Duck Industry 1 1 2 I. There are many types of ducks throughout the world and in Afghanistan. A. Both domesticated and wild ducks exist throughout the world.
More informationSand and Sage Round-Up MARKET CHICKEN STUDY GUIDE Junior and Intermediate Division (8-13 years of age as of December 31)
Questions will come from: Colorado 4-H Ethical Care of Poultry handout Meat Quality Assurance Market Chicken Study Guide Sand and Sage Round-Up MARKET CHICKEN STUDY GUIDE Junior and Intermediate Division
More informationPRODUCTION, MODELING, AND EDUCATION
PRODUCTION, MODELING, AND EDUCATION Influence of Egg Shell Embryonic Incubation Temperature and Broiler Breeder Flock Age on Posthatch Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics R. Hulet,* 1 G. Gladys,
More informationEffect of Calcium Level of the Developing and Laying Ration on Hatchability of Eggs and on Viability and Growth Rate of Progeny of Young Pullets 1
1328 E. J. DAY AND B. C. DILWOETH for calcium:phosphorus ratios shows that toe ash was lowest for the birds receiving the rations containing the most narrow calcium:phosphorus ratio. Again, this observation
More informationVERTEBRATE READING. Fishes
VERTEBRATE READING Fishes The first vertebrates to become a widespread, predominant life form on earth were fishes. Prior to this, only invertebrates, such as mollusks, worms and squid-like animals, would
More informationIncubation Temperature for Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Eggs
Incubation Temperature for Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Eggs S. M. Hassan,*, A. A. Siam, M. E. Mady, and A. L. Cartwright*,1 *Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2472;
More informationTaxonomy. Chapter 20. Evolutionary Development Diagram. I. Evolution 2/24/11. Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class Reptilia.
Taxonomy Chapter 20 Reptiles Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class Reptilia Order Testudines - turtles Order Crocodylia - crocodiles, alligators Order Sphenodontida - tuataras Order Squamata - snakes
More informationInstructions CHICKTEC VISION 40 INCUBATOR. CHICKTEC May 2009 Page 1
Instructions CHICKTEC VISION 40 INCUBATOR CHICKTEC May 2009 Page 1 INSTRUCTIONS CHICKTEC VISION 40 INCUBATOR 1. INTRODUCTION The CHICKTEC VISION 40INCUBATOR has been designed to give optimum performance
More informationKINGDOM ANIMALIA Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia
KINGDOM ANIMALIA Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Reptilia Vertebrate Classes Reptiles are the evolutionary base for the rest of the tetrapods. Early divergence of mammals from reptilian ancestor.
More informationWebinar 4 Notes. Post-Mortem Guide
Webinar 4 Notes Post-Mortem Guide 1. Examine the bird for any external injuries including vent pecking 2. Check for ectoparasites especially under the wing and around the vent 3. Check for vent pasting
More informationBy: Monique de Vrijer Photos: Monique de Vrijer en Pauline van Schaik FROM EGG TO CHICKEN
By: Monique de Vrijer Photos: Monique de Vrijer en Pauline van Schaik FROM EGG TO CHICKEN At last, spring is here and many of us are looking forward to the first chicks! But before we can have chicks,
More informationKeywords : Chicken, DZARC, Evaporation of water, Fertility, Incubation of eggs, Weight loss GJMR-G Classification: NLMC Code: WDA-WDC
Global Journal of Medical research Volume 11 Issue 4 Version 1.0 December 2011 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618
More information4-H Poultry Showmanship Questions
4-H Poultry Showmanship Questions 1.* What is the function of the vent? Is it common to all poultry? (It is the uro-genital opening of the bird, the external portion of the cloaca. All poultry have one.
More informationArkansas State FFA Poultry Exam 2016
Arkansas State FFA Poultry Exam 2016 Write answers on scantron. 1. For a typical egg laying operation, the production goals for a hen housed during a 52-80 week laying period is. a) 120 140 eggs b) 160-180
More informationRelationship between hatchling length and weight on later productive performance in broilers
doi:10.1017/s0043933908000226 Relationship between hatchling length and weight on later productive performance in broilers R. MOLENAAR 1 *, I.A.M. REIJRINK 1, R. MEIJERHOF 1 and H. VAN DEN BRAND 2 1 HatchTech
More information(D) fertilization of eggs immediately after egg laying
Name: ACROSS DOWN 24. The amniote egg (A) requires a moist environment for egg laying (B) lacks protective structures for the embryo (C) has membranes enclosing the developing embryo (D) evolved from the
More informationBy NOEL L. BEN NON. 44,1f FEDERAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE OREGON STATE COLLEGE CORVALLIS. oafrislon MEM 152 DMIT1B(
By NOEL L. BEN NON 44,1f FEDERAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE OREGON STATE COLLEGE CORVALLIS oafrislon MEM 152 DMIT1B(11 1955 Better Eggs By NOEL L. BENNION, Extension Poultry Specialist Oregon State
More informationStructure 4.0 Objective 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Features
UNIT 4 QUAIL FARMING Structure 4.0 Objective 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Features 4.2.1 Advantages of Rearing 4.2.2 Sexing 4.2.3 Breeding, Incubation and Hatching 4.2.4 Housing 4.2.5 Feeding 4.2.6 Management
More informationEffects of transportation-induced jarring on ratite embryo development and hatching success
Effects of transportation-induced jarring on ratite embryo development and hatching success M A Potter and S M Bassett Ratite Research Centre Ecology Group Institute of Natural Resources Massey University
More informationBROILER MANAGEMENT GUIDE
BROILER MANAGEMENT GUIDE BROILER MANAGEMENT GUIDE A broiler is a type of chicken raised specifically for meat production. Broiler Chicken production is one of the most progressive livestock enterprises
More informationPoultry Skillathon 2017
Age Divisions: Junior (8-11) Intermediate (12-14) Senior (15-18) Exhibitors will participate in age-based Skillathons. This study guide includes all topics an exhibitor might be tested on. Youth will only
More informationThe effects of shank length on incubation results of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and hatched chick shank length
The effects of shank length on incubation results of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and hatched chick shank length B. YILMAZ DIKMEN* and A. IPEK Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science
More informationINFO SHEET. Cull Eggs: What To Expect And How To Reduce The Incidence.
INFO SHEET Cull Eggs: What To Expect And How To Reduce The Incidence info.hybrid@hendrix-genetics.com www.hybridturkeys.com Introduction Over the years, several Hybrid customers have inquired about the
More informationSmall Desktop Incubation
Beginner s Incubation Guide Small Desktop Incubation TARGET AUDIENCE: Chicken eggs takes 21 days of incubation under a specific temperature and humidity. While not rocket science, the challenge can seem
More information30-3 Amphibians Slide 1 of 47
1 of 47 What Is an Amphibian? What Is an Amphibian? An amphibian is a vertebrate that, with some exceptions: lives in water as a larva and on land as an adult breathes with lungs as an adult has moist
More informationOverview of the Poultry Industry
Overview of the Poultry Industry Lesson 1: Overview of the Poultry Industry The poultry industry makes up a large portion of Missouri s agricultural system. It provides millions of people with affordable
More informationVertebrates. skull ribs vertebral column
Vertebrates skull ribs vertebral column endoskeleton in cells working together tissues tissues working together organs working together organs systems Blood carries oxygen to the cells carries nutrients
More informationCharacteristics of a Reptile. Vertebrate animals Lungs Scaly skin Amniotic egg
Reptiles Characteristics of a Reptile Vertebrate animals Lungs Scaly skin Amniotic egg Characteristics of Reptiles Adaptations to life on land More efficient lungs and a better circulator system were develope
More informationThe critical importance of incubation temperature
The critical importance of incubation temperature Nick A. French AVIAN BIOLOGY RESEARCH 2 (1/2), 2009 55 59 Aviagen Turkeys Ltd, Chowley Five, Chowley Oak Business Park, Tattenhall, Cheshire, CH3 9GA,
More informationLow Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time 1
Low Temperature Effects on Embryonic Development and Hatch Time M. E. SUAREZ/ H. R. WILSON,^ B. N. MCPHERSON,* F. B. MATHER,+ and C. J. WILCOXt *Programa de Ganaderia, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo,
More informationDry Incubation. By Bill Worrell
Dry Incubation By Bill Worrell As a student of poultry at age 14, I became fascinated with the breeding and hatching of eggs. Even when I only raised mixed breed chickens and ducks I was always trying
More informationA. Body Temperature Control Form and Function in Mammals
Taxonomy Chapter 22 Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Mammals Characteristics Evolution of Mammals Have hair and First appear in the mammary glands Breathe air, 4chambered heart, endotherms
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 50. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 50 2of 50 Phylogeny of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Sharks & their relatives Bony fishes Reptiles Amphibians Birds Mammals Invertebrate ancestor 3of 50 A vertebrate dry,
More informationOptimum broiler development. A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance
Optimum broiler development A practical guide to ensure correct early broiler performance Contents Introduction Objectives 4. Ultimate performance indicators 4.1. 7-day mortality/weights 1. Hatchery 1.1.
More informationProductivity of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) farmed under industrial conditions in Saudi Arabia. By:
Short communication Productivity of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) farmed under industrial conditions in Saudi Arabia By: *1 2 3 H. Agab, B. Abbas and A. S. Mohamed Key words: emus; hatchability; fertility;
More informationThe Effects of Suboptimal Eggshell Temperature During Incubation on Broiler Chick Quality, Live Performance, and Further Processing Yield
The Effects of Suboptimal Eggshell Temperature During Incubation on Broiler Chick Quality, Live Performance, and Further Processing Yield N. S. Joseph,* A. Lourens, and E. T. Moran Jr.* 1 *Department of
More informationSexing Day-Old Chicks on Small and Backyard Flocks
extension Sexing Day-Old Chicks on Small and Backyard Flocks articles.extension.org/pages/65437/sexing-day-old-chicks-on-small-and-backyard-flocks Written by: Dr. Jacquie Jacob, University of Kentucky
More informationINCUBATION AND VITAL MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN EGGS FROM AGE-RELATED TURKEYS
Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 63-67, 2009 Copyright 2009 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7050 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) Original Contribution
More information