Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance. Scott Martin LLC - USA

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2 Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance Scott Martin LLC - USA

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4 Chick Quality Hatchery Impact on Performance Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC.

5 Field Performance

6 FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost) Feed Conversion Advantage Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $ Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg Cost / Bird Change in Profit $ Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000 Change in Profit / Week $16, Number of Weeks / Year x 52 2 points FCR Advantage in Profit: $ 858,000

7 Egg Assessment

8 Things To Consider When Holding Eggs Egg age Setting fresh eggs and old eggs tends to hurt hatch Flock age Eggs from younger flocks hold better than older flocks Flock history Some flocks just hold better than others

9 Proper Egg Assessment Monitor the temperature of the eggs Use temperature recorders on the farms, in the egg trucks, in the hatchery egg rooms, etc. Know the history of the eggs How old are the eggs? What is the age of the breeder flock? Evaluate the egg size Know the average egg weight and the minimum acceptable weight for small eggs. Evaluate the condition of the eggs Dirty, cracked, deformed, double yolk, inverted

10 Effect Of Egg Storage On Hatchability Days of Storage

11 Conditions Of The Eggs Dirty Eggs (Omphalitis?) Cracked (No Hatch Cull Chicks) Deformed (No Hatch Cull Chicks) Double Yolk (Cull Egg) Inverted (Low Hatch Cull Chicks)

12 Dirty Eggs

13 Condensation

14 Contamination

15 Hen house o F Egg Temperature Flow Chart On farm egg room o F Egg transportation truck o F o F Hens body Setter machine Hatchery egg room o F o F Setter hall o F

16 AC AC Holding Room Temperature Without Fan

17 AC AC Holding Room Temperature Within Fan

18 Ventilation

19 AREAS Hatchery Ventilation The Proper Set-up HVAC CFM/1000 TEMP RELATIVE HUMIDITY AREA PRESSURE Egg Receiving & Holding % Neutral To +.01 Setter Bays % +.01 To Hatcher Bays % +.01 To Chick Holding % Neutral To Neg.01 Chick Pull & Wash % Neg.010 To Neg.015 Clean Equipment Room N\A Positive Hallways 0 75 N\A Neutral

20 Dead Banding Method With Room Temperature Monitoring 10 COOL 5 SET POINT HOURS HEAT

21 HVAC System Cooling Coil Heat Exchanger Fresh air intake Fresh Air modulating dampers which opens and shut Return Air modulating dampers which opens and shut 25% to 75% returned air from the fresh air room (fresh air plenum)

22 Ventilation Equipment Always Clean and Disinfect!!!! Condensation trap Walls Clean filters Always date

23 Cooling Coil (Dirty)

24 Cooling Coil (Clean)

25 Cooling Coil (Back) (Correct Flow)

26 Environment Influences on Machines Improper Cycling Heat & Cool on at the same time Front & Rear heat out of sync Fresh air dampers closed (after machine recovery)

27 Environment Influences on Machines Room Conditions Pressure Control Extreme Positive Pressure Extreme Negative Pressure Temperature Humidity

28 Air Flow F 98.0 F 0-3 DAYS 3-7 DAYS 7-10 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS

29 Maintenance

30 Preventative Maintenance Calibrate machines and rooms Monitor settings Check embryo temperatures Check moisture loss Check pipping Check chick temperatures Confirm: what you think you have is what you have

31 Incubator Assessment Know your incubator set points Temperature Humidity Have a program for recording how each machine is operating Conduct an embryodiagnosis to verify the performance of your incubators

32 Water Temperature Entering Cooling Coil 18 ๐ C

33 Cooling Coil Inside Setter

34 Bad Door Gasket

35 Good Door Gasket

36 Improper Egg Rack Seal

37 No Egg Rack Seal

38 Curtains Not Sealing

39 Nozzle Adjustment and Leaks

40 Tools

41 Hatchery Tools Magnehelic Gauge Humidity Temperature Meter Digital Thermometer Data Logger Air Meter Rectal Thermometer Smoke Emitters Stroboscope Infrared Thermometer

42 Egg Set

43 Set Times TARGET = 504 HOURS Adjust for breeder flock age and egg storage time Breeder Flock Age Up to 28 weeks add 6 hours weeks add 3 hours Egg Storage Time 1 to 6 days normal target 7 days add 1 hour 8 days add 2 hours 9 days add 3 hours 10 or more days add 4 hours

44 Set and Transfer Know your incubation time Set consistently (same time every day with exceptions) Transfer consistently (same time every day) Keep flock age consistent or segregate

45 Sanitation

46 Sanitation Run base line studies Use reliable products Monitor hatcheries Fog rooms Fumigate inside of machines Keep a good air flow through the hatchery

47 Embryodiagnosis

48 Candle And Residue Breakouts *** *** Early Middle Late Candle eggs ( days or at transfer) residue ( at hatch ) Look for day embryonic death occurred Check flock and machine again Check same flock in a different machine Check different flock in same machine Look for mold Look for patterns Use hatch of fertile%

49 Hatch Of Fertile By Age Of Breeder Flock wks wks wks Hatch Of Fertile 90.8% 91.8% 89.6% Example: 86.4% Hatch \ 96% Fertility = 90% Hatch Of Fertile

50 HATCHABILITY OR HATCH OF FERTILE HATCHERY A HATCH 86 FERTILITY 97 HATCH OF FERTILE B C

51 Egg Age FERTILITY DOESN T CHANGE PROLONGED STORAGE REDUCES HATCH ALWAYS DIAGNOSE THE HATCH LOSS

52 WHAT HAPPENED? FLOCK FERTILITY EGG AGE HATCH% HOF%

53 Infertile or Fertile?

54 Infertile

55 Fertile

56 Infertile or Fertile? Infertile Fertile

57 Embryo Size Day 1 Day 2

58 Day 14 Embryo turns head towards large end of egg

59 Day 15 Intestines are drawn into abdominal cavity

60 Day 17 Amniotic fluid decreases Head is between legs

61 Day 18 Growth of embryo nearly complete Yolk sac is still on outside of embryo Head is under the right wing

62 Day 19 Yolk sac draws into body cavity Amniotic fluid gone Embryo occupies most of space with in egg(not in the air cell)

63 Day 20 Yolk sac drawn completely into body Embryo becomes a chick(breathing in air cell) Internal & external pip

64 Incubator Assessment

65 Incubator Assessment Incubator # Total % Standard Flock # x x Flock Age x x Chick Count x Activity Level loud loud loud loud x x Red Hocks Red Beaks 0 Culls 2 2 Dehydrated 0 Navel Large Navel Small Wicks 2 2 Leaky Good

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71 7 or 14 Day Mortality? Look at the mortality patterns!

72 Chick Quality Normal Daily Mortality Mortality Days

73 Chick Quality Dehydration Mortality Days

74 Dehydration Post Hatch

75 Pull Times PULL

76 Dehydration All birds start dehydrating after hatch Post Hatch Try to squeeze a few more (popcorn) Timing from Ready to Delivery Logistics, Labor, Trucking, Bottlenecks Pull early Open navels Not thirsty? Produce Good Quality Compromise after hatch Proper chick hold space Farm distance, 20 min to 6 hours

77 Hydrated

78 Dehydrated

79 Dehydrated

80 Dehydrated

81 Dehydrated

82 Dehydrated

83 Dehydrated

84 Dehydrated

85 Dehydrated

86 Comfortable

87 Pre-Pull Hatch Window, Hatch Spread 30 hours or less (hatch starts) 23 hours- 30% 12 hours- 70 to 80% Check Chick Temperatures before pull

88 Step Programs Lower Temperature in hatcher Timing is important (step down before chick overheats) Take temperatures at pre-pull and at pull times Remember! Step programs are designed to keep chicks from overheating Not to cool down

89 Clean Residue

90 Dirty Residue

91 Chick Holding Chick Holding Locations Hatcher Separator or Pull Room Chick Room Transport

92 Separator Room

93 Loading and Transport

94 Dehydration Scale Pull and Hold Time Hatcher Delivery

95 Stress In The First 5 Days Yolk Sac

96 The Yolk Sac Contains essentials Nutrients (25% protein, 25% lipids) This is just for maintenance, the yolk itself doesn t provide enough alone for growth. Water (50%) Antibodies Absorption of yolk

97 Stress In The First 5 Days Baby chicks were split between 5 groups: A,B,C,D, and E Group A: stress high temperature Group B: stress low temperature Group C: control group Group D: placement without feed/water first 12 hours Group E: placement without feed/water first 24 hours

98 Stress In The First 5 Days All the baby chicks were of the same breeder flock, 45 weeks old Same egg weight and incubated in the same setter/hatcher machine Pulled at the same time

99 Stress In The First 5 Days (Temperature Variation ) Age (Days) Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E 1 95*F 80.5* 89.5* 89.5* 89.5* *F 79.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F *F 78.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F *F 77.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F *F 77*F 86*F 86*F 86*F

100 Stress In The First 5 Days (Body Weight) Age (Days) Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr gr 42.2gr 57.6gr 52gr 37.2gr gr 65gr 67.4gr 61.2gr 55.8gr gr 82.4gr 85.6gr 77.9gr 66.5gr gr 99.6gr 129gr 93.2gr 84.3gr

101 Uniformity

102 Uniformity C A B D E

103 Intestine Size E C D A B

104 FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost) Feed Conversion Advantage Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $ Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg Cost / Bird Change in Profit $ Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000 Change in Profit / Week $16, Number of Weeks / Year x 52 2 points FCR Advantage in Profit: $ 858,000

105 Thank You Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC.

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