with CO₂ 10 simple answers about green fingers under water.

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1 FROM EUROPE S LARGE AQUARIUM PLANTS NURSERY FROM EUROPE S LARGE AQUARIUM PLANTS NURSERY Maintain aquarium CO₂ for every requirement For Dennerle, as one of the pioneers in plant aquatics, research and development relating to CO₂ has always been of particular importance. Dennerle CO₂ components from the CO₂ bottle to the CO₂ diffuser must be simple, safe and reliable. plants properly with CO₂ simple answers about green fingers under water. Dennerle offers a practical range of complete CO₂ sets: for small aquaria from litres up to large aquaria. Whether for beginners, advanced users, professionals or experts - Dennerle provides the perfect CO₂ system for every aquarium and every budget. Dennerle online: Dennerle on YouTube Dennerle on Facebook 7 Dennerle GmbH Kroepper Straße 17 DE 97 Vinningen

2 CO₂ plant fertilisation An invention of nature In addition to minerals and nutrients, all plants also need carbon dioxide (CO₂), because they produce their most important building material from CO₂, water and light: sugar! A waste product of this process, known as photosynthesis, is the oxygen all animals need to breathe. LESS ALGAE MORE OXYGEN HEALTHIER FISH 1 // Why does my aquarium need CO₂? Aquarium water almost always contains too little CO₂, as the natural CO₂ is removed from tap water in the waterworks due to aeration. The aquatic plants greedily absorb these low amounts of CO₂. Beset with deficiencies, the stems and leaves are stunted and pale. No sign of vigour! Their defences are weakened, algae settle on the leaves. Lack of CO₂ has serious consequences: Stunted and deformed growth Sudden death of plants Calcium deposits on the leaves ph values much too high. This stresses the fish and increases their susceptibility to disease Iron and trace element deficiency Sudden ammonia poisoning of the fish Infestation of algae 2 In natural waters there is a constant supply of CO₂ from a thick layer of mud on the bottom. It is produced in large quantities there by bacterial decomposition processes, promoting lush plant growth, which in turn supplies the fish with oxygen, hiding places and spawning opportunities. MORE BEAUTIFUL AQUATIC PLANTS FEWER HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Taken during the Planta Hunter Tour, Brazil CO₂ fertilisation has many benefits: Lush and healthy plant growth Longer lifespan of plants No calcium deposits on the plant leaves ( biogenic decalcification ) By using CO₂, the ph value (acidity) decreases to natural values Healthy fish thanks to slightly acidic water (good for fish skin and gills) Trace elements dissolve better in slightly acidic water, which is good for plants and fish No ammonia poisoning of the fish No algae infestation

3 2 // How does CO₂ prevent algae infestations? The undesirable algae stand next to no chance in aquaria in which aquatic plants are flourishing. Plants immediately vacuum up all the nutrients that promote algae growth, such as phosphates and nitrates. However, if there is a lack of CO₂, plant growth is inhibited. Surplus nutrients cannot be consumed fast enough and the algae seize on this opportunity to gain a foothold. Good planting and regular CO₂ fertilisation are therefore amongst the most important measures to take against algae. // How much CO₂ does my aquarium require? The CO₂ requirement depends on the size and nature of the aquarium: Higher requirement Large aquarium Open aquarium Large surface area/volume ratio Lots of light Many plants Fast-running filter Strong water movement Additional aeration Lower requirement Small aquarium Aquarium with cover Small surface area/volume ratio Little light Few plants Slow-running filter Gentle water movement Without aeration The optimum CO₂ content: For lush plant growth we recommend a CO₂ content in the aquarium of approx. mg/l (up to 0 mg/l for strongly lit aquariums with a robust fish population). A rule of thumb for the CO₂ supply is: CO₂ bubbles per minute per 0 l of aquarium water. Example: A 0 l aquarium: 2 x = bubbles per minute. Healthy, flourishing aquarium plants are stronger than any algae. This means algae have a hard time in an aquarium with a good CO₂ supply. No matter what CO₂ system you use in your aquarium you will be convinced by its success. The bubbles can be easily read on the CO₂ diffuser or a separate bubble counter. Without CO₂ fertilisation With CO₂ fertilisation

4 // How can I control the CO₂ content in my aquarium? CO₂ long-term test Correct + ph BIO-CO₂ CO₂ fertilisation the easy way Several versions available. Suitable for different aquarium sizes and your individual requirements. With a so-called drop checker, such as the CO₂ long-term test Correct + ph, it is extremely easy to set the correct amount of CO₂, because unlike conventional products, this is not filled with aquarium water and indicator (which can distort the test results), instead it is used on its own. Depending on the CO₂ content, the CO₂ special indicator reacts with a colour change that can be detected quickly and easily: Blue Green Yellow = CO₂ too low = optimum CO₂ content = CO₂ content too high In addition, you can keep an eye on the ph value with the CO₂ long-term test Correct + ph. Simply measure the carbonate hardness with a test strip and read the ph value on the colour comparison scale. // Which CO₂ system is right for me? There are several ways to supply an aquarium with CO₂. Bio CO₂ systems: Here the CO₂ is generated by yeast fermentation CO₂ systems with liquid gas Divided into disposable systems and reusable systems CO₂ production based on controlled, constant yeast fermentation. Ideal for all CO₂ beginners as well as those wanting to try it out. Positive results can be seen after only a few weeks: Plant growth improves significantly, the plants appear greener, stronger and more vigorous. The whole aquarium literally comes to life. This type of CO₂ supply is, however, only suitable for aquaria with a capacity up to approx. 1 litres. How does Bio CO₂ control gel work? CO₂ production = Pure sugar = Dennerle Control-Gel Excess CO₂ Optimum range Lack of CO₂ A fermentation process with pure sugar normally starts at a very fast pace and drops sharply after a few days. This means the aquarium initially gets too much CO₂, and too little a short time later. In contrast, Dennerle Bio CO₂ with CO₂ control gel continuously produces an almost constant level of CO₂ over 0 days. This provides your aquarium with an optimum supply every day without having to adjust anything. It doesn t get any easier or more convenient! The trick with the thermal container The Bio CO₂ system produces more CO₂ the warmer it is. This is why the thermal container for the Dennerle CO₂ plant fertiliser set BIO 1 ensures that CO₂ production automatically adapts to the aquarium temperature, because aquaria with higher temperatures also require more CO₂. Days 7

5 DISPOSABLE SYSTEM Practical CO₂ fertilisation // Why is a good pressure reducer so important? The tiny amounts of CO₂ involved in plant fertilisation require an extremely accurate dosage. Dennerle pressure reducers achieve this with the unique control technology of the Dynamic Valve Control. Applys for all Dennerle pressure reducers: The pressure reducers can be controlled using a single control knob with unprecedented ease and precision. Once set, the amount of CO₂ (bubble count) remains stable over time. The safety aspect was also fully taken into account: all pressure reducers have an automatic overpressure seal and a safety vent. Several versions available. Suitable for different aquarium sizes and your individual requirements. CO₂ supply via liquid gas in a recyclable, disposable bottle. Ideal anywhere where CO₂ refills are hard to obtain or the nearest CO₂ refill service is a long way away. REUSABLE SYSTEM Sustainable CO₂ fertilisation Only one control knob for easy operation Constant bubble count by means of Dynamic Valve Control (DVC) Automatic pressure compensation when adjusting, for fast, accurate setup Constructed from high-strength aluminium alloy, which reduces the weight Automatic overpressure seal Thread with safety vent Internal fine filter for good operational safety What models are there? Several versions available. Suitable for different aquarium sizes and your individual requirements. CO₂ supply using liquid gas in a refillable bottle is especially environmentally friendly. Perfectly suited to very large aquaria and those that need high levels of CO₂. Dennerle offers reusable bottles up to 2 kg. Evolution Nano especially for Nano aquaria Evolution Primus the affordable entry level option The right CO₂ system for your aquarium: Evolution Quantum with bubble count scale and cylinder pressure manometer Evolution Space the only aquatics pressure reducer with integrated magnet valve Info: All pressure reducers can be used for Dennerle disposable or reusable bottles with the aid of an adapter. Nano-CO₂ Duration of use in weeks Set price Reusable-CO₂ Disposable-CO₂ Bio-CO₂ 0 L 1 L 00 L A good non-return valve reliably protects CO₂ equipment from water intake, such as a pressure reducer or magnetic valve. CO₂ Special Check Valve L Aquarium size 9

6 7 // How does the CO₂ get into the water? Our Flippers are highly effective, compact CO₂ diffusers equipped with a CO₂ collection tank, waste gas vent and bubble counter function. The stepped design enables the CO₂ to dissolve particularly well in the aquarium water. Collection tank // How do I measure the CO₂ supply? Even with CO₂ diffusers with a built in bubble counter, an additional bubble counter near to the pressure reducer is extremely useful. This makes adjusting the bubble count easier, quicker and more accurate. For CO₂ diffusers without a built in bubble counter and those that are fitted where they are hidden behind plants and stones in the aquarium, a separate bubble counter is highly recommended. Permanent, direct control of the CO₂ dosage. The bubble count per minute serves as a measure of the CO₂ dosage in the aquarium. long-life suction cup Bubble Counter Exact waste gas vent bubble counter function 9 // Why are special CO₂ hoses necessary? CO₂ easily seeps through many hose materials. The Dennerle special Softflex CO₂ hose is made of special plastic that is impermeable to CO₂ and ensures that the valuable CO₂ gets into the aquarium. The hose is pressure resistant up to 7 bar and is easy to install thanks to its high flexibility. Nano CO₂ Flipper CO₂ Mini-Flipper CO₂ Maxi-Flipper Hose type Special Softflex CO₂ hose Standard PVC air hose Silicone hose Annual leakage a few grams several hundred grams several thousand grams CO₂ Micro-Flipper CO₂ Flipper The waste gas vent: Whenever a CO₂ bubble dissolves in the water, other gases that naturally occur in the water (e.g. oxygen) penetrate these bubbles. All Dennerle CO₂ diffusers therefore each have a specially developed waste gas vent. Here the waste gases are separated from the significantly heavier - CO₂ and automatically removed on a regular basis. This effectively prevents potential clogging of the equipment by waste gases. Special Softflex CO₂ hose

7 // Can I control my CO₂ dosage automatically? The use of a magnet valve saves valuable CO₂, because it allows the CO₂ dosage to be regulated in two ways, thus saving CO₂ every day: CO₂ magnet valve + CO₂ time switch With a magnet valve controlled by a time switch, you can cut off the CO₂ supply overnight, as aquarium plants do not need any CO₂ at night. Too much CO₂ Correct CO₂ Too little CO₂ ph value KH 2 7 9, , , , , , , , , , , , ph electrode CO₂ ph-controller Evolution DeLuxe With the Dennerle CO₂ ph-controller Evolution DeLuxe, the CO₂ supply is automatically controlled according to the requirements of the aquarium at the time. The ph controller continuously measures the ph value by means of an electrode and so controls the supply of the amount of CO₂ required - fully automatically and with electronic accuracy. This guarantees the optimum supply for both the aquarium plants and the fish. Example: kh =, by adjusting the ph value to. on the ph controller, you achieve a CO₂ content of mg/l. For precise control with the ph controller, a laboratory standard ph electrode is required. This permanently measures the ph value in the aquarium and works extremely accurately! Calibration solution The ph electrode should be calibrated regularly (every 1-2 months) to ensure a consistently good measurement result. For reliable and convenient adjustment of the ph electrode, use appropriate calibration solutions.

8 Setting up a CO₂ system is so easy 2 (Liquid gas / example) A 1 B optional 1 CO₂-source Disposable or reusable. TÜV tested for maximum safety. 2 Pressure reducer Latest CO₂ technology. Easy to operate and safe to use. Non-return valve: Protects magnet valve and pressure reducer. Bubble counter: For easy control of the dosage. A Magnet valve Saves valuable CO₂ Flipper Highly efficient CO₂ supply incl. waste gas vent. 1 B Time switch The easy way to save CO₂