AT THE ARRIVAL TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE
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1 AT THE ARRIVAL TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE
2 ARRIVAL TO THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE, UNLOADING AND LAIRAGING Moving (handling) animals from one place to another is the main activity after arrival to the slaughterhouse What are the three main reactions of animals when moved (handled)? Flight Fight Freeze
3 UNLOADING OF CATTLE DESENHO DA RAMPA DE DESEMBARQUE Source WSPA Steps
4 UNLOADING
5 TIRED CATTLE
6 POOR DESIGNS TO BE AVOIDED
7 POOR DESIGNS TO BE AVOIDED
8 UNLOADING FACILITIES NON SLIPPERY FLOORS
9 LOADING RAMPS CENTRE OF GRAVITY Loading Unloading Time in sec. Angle of ramp in degrees
10 UNLOADING OF SHEEP
11 DESIGN OF FACILITIES FOR SHEEP
12 Source WSPA Steps FLOORS AND Foto: Temple Grandin SIDEWALLS
13 Falls = 1% Slips = 3% SLIPS AND FALLS
14 VIDEO - SLIPS AND FALLS Source WSPA Steps
15 SLIPPERY FLOORS
16 LEAVE CATTLE ENOUGH TIME TO GET OUT OFF THE LORRY
17 ANTI SLIPPERY FLOORS (VIDEO)
18 POORLY DESIGNED RAMP (VIDEO)
19 POORLY DESIGNED RAMP (VIDEO)
20 VERY GOOD HANDLING WITH AIR (VIDEO)
21 GOOD UNLOADING (VIDEO)
22 GOOD UNLOADING (VIDEO)
23 UNLOADING OF SHEEP
24 HANDLING PRINCIPLES IN UNLOADING
25 HANDLING PRINCIPLES Unload in groups Leave animals to have enough time to observe environment and leave lorry in their own pace Use flight zone and point of balance principles Use humane handling tools Move from darker to lighter area Remove any distractions Do not force animals that move slowly to move faster Unloading of agitated cattle is more challenging and timely
26 ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION In terms of both animal welfare and public health, animals should to arrive at the slaughterhouse: Free from blemishes and injury Free from disease Unstressed as much as possible.
27 WHAT A HEALTHY ANIMAL LOOKS LIKE?
28 A HEALTHY ANIMAL Clean coat, head up, alert with clean eyes and a moist nose No discharges from the eyes or nose or excessive drooling from the mouth Excreta is fairly thick consistency and free from blood Urine is straw coloured Cattle walk easily without sign of lameness or staggering, bearing weight on all four limbs No coughing or wheezing with a normal quiet breathing pattern Active interest in immediate surroundings No groaning, teeth grinding, kicking belly, arching back No abnormal lumps, lesions, sores, bruises, marks or open wounds Healthy pink skin and gums No signs of heat or cold stress
29
30 FITNESS TO SLAUGHTER Working groups session
31
32
33
34
35
36 IMMOBILE ANIMALS
37
38 INJURED AND IMMOBILE ANIMALS
39
40 EMERGENCY SLAUGHTER OF DOWNER CATTLE Source WSPA Steps
41 ANIMAL THAT IS UNABLE TO MOVE MUST NEVER BE DRAGGED
42 1º 2º EMERGENCY KILLING WITH STUNNING 3º Source WSPA Steps
43 ANIMALS UNABLE TO MOVE Source: HSA, 2006
44 TIRED ANIMALS
45 VIDEO - FITNESS TO SLAUGHTER Source WSPA Steps
46 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRE SLAUGHTER PHASES Loading Transport Unloading Vykadanie Lairage Handling to stun Stunning Sticking Stressful - Positive +
47 LAIRAGING KEEPING ANIMALS IN HOLDING PENS Main function to safeguard continuous supply of animals It is generally considered that cattle can be transported (in some climates) around 18 hours without an access to feed and water Fasting period (from food withdrawal at the farm till slaughter) can be flexible, however long fasting with heat stress and poor transport can trigger maturation of meat towards the DFD meat How long cattle should be kept in the lairages? Minimum time of resting?
48 SHEEP IN LAIRAGES Knowles et al. (1993) studied effects of 9 and 14 hr of road transport recovery after transport, in lairage, required 24 hrs for dehydration and 96 hrs for liveweight. high levels of plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids and urea, indicated that the animals were in a catabolic state. Knowles (1998) reported that complete recovery from 14 hr of transport stress takes almost 5 days. Ii is not economical to keep sheep in a lairage for full time recovery, After 2-3 hours period to settle down and drink animals should be slaughtered
49 THREE KEY FUNCTIONS FROM AW POINT OF VIEW To provide a space for rest To provide a water (maybe food if necessary) To protect animals from adverse weather Cattle transported for up to 24 hours spend first 20 minutes exploring the new environment, drinking and mounting each other. If there are new animals in the lairage fighting starts soon Progressive decrease of activities can be observed after 40 minutes. Activity was longest in those animals transported furthest.
50 VIDEO FIRST MOMENTS IN THE LAIRAGE
51 FASTING OF PIGS + ve - less spillage of gut in evisceration and less waste - empty stomach and guts (easy to eviscerate and process) - lower mortality in transport (motion sickness, vomiting and aspiration) -ve - higher bacterial contamination (Salmonella) of guts and contamination of other animals - More frequent occurrence of DFD meat - fasting over 20 hours - lowers carcass weight as liver glycogen is used and pig starts to metabolize fat reserves - changes structure and size of liver - Optimal time of fasting AROUND hours
52 DESIGN OF LAIRAGES FOR SHEEP
53 DESIGN AND USE OF LAIRAGES Non slippery floors, Water has to be provided ad libitum at all times At least 20 % of animals should be able to drink at same time All animals should be able to lay comfortably down in one time and rest Preferable shape of pens is rectangular with one side longer than other - to support movement and handling (in and out) Space of 2,5m2 for a 450 kg cattle is recommended by experts when kept overnight Optimum capacity of each pen should be 15 animals Aggressive animals should be separated from the group Groups should not be mixed
54 PROTECTION FROM SUNSHINE Source WSPA Steps
55 WATER THROUGHS
56 DENSITY Source WSPA Steps 2,5m² / 450Kg
57 Source WSPA Steps COOLING BY WATER (MIST)
58 ENTRANCES TO PENS (FLIGHTY ANIMALS) Source WSPA Steps
59 RACEWAYS TO POINT OF RESTRAINT
60 DESIGN
61 TEMPLE GRANDIN HANDLING SYSTEMS
62 LAIRAGE
63 THERMOREGULATION AND HEAT STRESS
64 HEAT STRESS
65 VIDEO THERMAL STRESS
66 WATER IN THE LAIRAGES
67 PIGS NOT USED TO DRINK FROM NIPPLE DRINKERS
68 MIXING PIGS FROM DIFFERENT FARMS
69 SPACE All animals must be able to lie down comfortably at once and rest i.e 0,6 m2 per animal ( 105 kg weight) May change according to season and weight
70 DESIGN OF LAIRAGES (HOLDING PENS) FOR PIGS Passing through design Non slippery floors, well lit Pens should have full side walls (best material is concrete) Water has to be provided ad libitum at all times All animals should be able to lay comfortably down in one time and rest Preferable shape of pens is rectangular - pigs do like push their backs towards the walls and cool down Space of 0,6 m2 for 105 kg weight is recommended Optimum capacity of the pen should not exceed pigs
71 OPTIMAL DESIGN OF LAIRAGE
72 SHEEP LAIRAGE DESIGN 2
73 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Organisation mondiale de la santé animale World Organisation for Animal Health Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal 12 rue de Prony, Paris, France - oie@oie.int
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