Study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of salmonella typhi in tertiary care centre
|
|
- Evelyn Wood
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Original article: Study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of salmonella typhi in tertiary care centre 1 Dr Rajashri Patil, 2 Dr Amar Patil 1Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College and Vidyapeeth, Pune 2 Assistant Professor, Medicine Dept, Dr D Y Patil Medical college and Vidyapeeth, Pune Corresponding author: Dr Amar Patil, Assistant Professor, Dr D Y Patil Medical college and Vidyapeeth, Pune Abstract: Introduction: Enteric fever is transmitted via faeco-oral route usually through consumption of contaminated food & water. The incubation period is 7-14 days but may range from 3-56 days & appear to be related to the dose of infection. The clinical course may vary from a mild undifferentiated pyrexia (ambulant typhoid) to a rapidly fatal disease. Materials and methods : It was a descriptive study with sample size 300 clinical isolates. The sample size was estimated with the help of expert statistician. Results: Out of 300 samples 187 patients were with history of taking antibiotics during collection. Out of 203 Widal positive samples 152 were with history of taking antibiotics during collection. Conclusion: Major factors identified by WHO in initiating and promoting antimicrobial resistance include, a) the unnecessary use of antibiotics by humans; b) the misuse of antibiotics by health professionals; c) over-the-counter availability of antibiotics in many countries; d) patient failure to follow the prescribed course of treatment; and e) the use of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth hormones. Individual education about these aspects would be foremost important in control of salmonellosis. Introduction: Enteric fever is transmitted via faeco-oral route usually through consumption of contaminated food & water. The incubation period is 7-14 days but may range from 3-56 days & appear to be related to the dose of infection. The clinical course may vary from a mild undifferentiated pyrexia (ambulant typhoid) to a rapidly fatal disease. Onset is usually gradual, with headache, malaise, anorexia, coated tongue,& abdominal discomfort with either constipation or diarrhea. The typical features are a step ladder pyrexia with relative bradycardia, toxemia, rose spots. Soft palpable spleen is a constant feature. 1 The most important complications are intestinal perforation, hemorrhage,& circulatory collapse. 2 In 2000, it was estimated that over 2, 16 million of typhoid occurrences worldwide, resulting in 216,000 deaths, and that more than 90% of this morbidity and mortality occurred in Asia 3. A report from World Health Organization in 2008 on typhoid fever in five Asian countries showed the annual typhoid incidence (per 100,000 persons years) among 5-15 years age group varied from 24.2 and 29.3 in Vietnam and China, to in Indonesia; and to and in Pakistan and India, respectively. 4 The emergence of multi drug resistance among the enteric fever group of Salmonella to the first line antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole has been a concern. The problem only worsened with the 75
2 advent of NARST (Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella Typhi) making ciprofloxacin a doubtful drug of choice for the treatment of enteric fever. With the changing patterns in antibiogram it is necessary to continually monitor the drug resistance pattern and understand the mechanisms involved. Hence this study was under taken to characterize the prevalent serotypes and their resistance patterns and analyze the molecular mechanisms involved, so that appropriate strategies can be adopted in the management of enteric fever. 5 Materials and methods: It was a descriptive study with sample size 300 clinical isolates. The sample size was estimated with the help of expert statistician. Inclusion criteria 1. All patients with sustained or continuous fever (38 0 c &above )that has lasted for>3days. 2. Blood samples of all clinically suspected cases of enteric fever sent by clinician. Exclusion criteria Febrile patients not meeting case definition criteria of enteric fever. Venous blood was collected under aseptic precautions from patients clinically evaluated for enteric fever. Clean the puncture site with povidone iodine or 70% ethanol solution using aseptic technique in a circle(starting from center to periphery) approximately 5 cm in diameter. Allow 1-2 minutes for the disinfectant to dry. 5ml from children and 10 to 12 ml from adults respectively were collected in BacT/ALERT bottle and sent to the laboratory. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. 3-4 isolated, morphologically similar colonies were taken with a sterile loop and inoculated into peptone water and incubated at 37 0 C for 2 hours. Turbidity was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard and a lawn culture was made on Mueller-Hinton agar and antibiotic discs like ampicillin(10 µg), ciprofloxacin(5µg), cotrimoxazole (25µg), chloramphenicol(30µg), ceftriaxone(30µg), Nalidixic acid(30µg ) were used. Plates were incubated at 37 0 C for hours. The zones of inhibition were measured and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. Quality control was done using ATCC E.coli
3 Results: A. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern on disc diffusion method Drugs Sensitive n(%) Intermediate Resistant Ampicillin Chloramphenicol Co-trimoxazole Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Nalidixic Acid 18(81.81%) 3(13.63%) 1(4.5%) (100%) In list of sensitive strain one was of Salmonella paratyphi A which was also Nalidixic acid resistant B. MIC of Ciprofloxacin : Serial no. No. of strains MIC µg/ml
4 C. MIC of Nalidixic acid: Serial no. No. of strains MIC µg/ml 1 21 > D. Pattern of duration of fever among those 203 were as follows Serial no. Duration of fever No. of patients 1 1 to 2 wks 126 Serial no. Duration of fever No. of patients 12 <1wk 2 to 3 wks to <1 2 wks to >4 3 wks >4 Total wks Total 300 Out of 300 samples 187 patients were with history of taking antibiotics during collection. Out of 203 Widal positive samples 152 were with history of taking antibiotics during collection. Discussion: Antibiotic resistance is one of the world s most pressing public health problems. The antibiotic-resistant organisms can quickly spread and so threaten communities with new strains of infectious disease that are more difficult to cure and more expensive to treat 6 Since 1948, chloramphenicol was the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever, and ampicillin and trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole were useful adjuncts. In May 1972 an outbreak of chloramphenicol-resistant S. Typhi occurred in Kerala, India, where seven of 13 isolates. 78
5 were resistant to chloramphenicol in vitro 7. In the late 1980s and early 1990s multidrug resistance became established in the Indian subcontinent. In , Kolkata, which had curlier witnessed an outbreak due to MDR Salmonella Typhi, reported that nearly all the isolates were MDR. In South India MDR isolates were predominant with rates of 78% being reported 8. In most cases resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was transferable on plasmids, either individually or enbloc. The plasmids found in S. Typhi are of two major types. The first is phcm2, a so-called cryptic plasmid. phcm2 has been found in S. Typhi from Asia but not Africa. Second, antimicrobial resistant strains carry large (approximately kbp) self-transferable plasmids 7 The increasing reports of multidrug resistance led to the phasing out of chloramphenicol, trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole, and ampicillin for the treatment of typhoid fever. Multidrug resistance in Delhi fell from 70% in 1991 to 53% in 1993 and the decline was reported to continue in In central India multidrug resistance decreased from 91% in 1991 to 22% in 2OO2 " In a study from Kolkata, India, the situation underwent a reversal from 100% chloramphenicol resistance in 1991 to 100% sensitivity in 2002 " Increased chloramphenicol sensitivity has been reported from South India as well. Till date, this trend has become established over much of India. The reason for resurgence of strains sensitive to first line drugs may be that,antibiotics like ampicillin and chloramphenicol are rarely used for the treatment of typhoid fever these days thus relieving the selection pressure. Loss of plasmids such as the R-plasmid that confer multi drug resistance, or even may be due to emergence of de novo susceptible strains 8, In this study, none of the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, & chloramphenicol that means all are non MDR strains. The MICs for all the isolates were found to be within the breakpoint of sensitivity by CLSI criteria i.e. 1µg/ml for ceftriaxone, 8 µg/ml for ampicillin, 8 µg/ml for chloramphenicol. As no resistance to Ceftriaxone was noted for either S. Typhi or S. paratyphi A in this study & in the recent past, Cephalosporins have gained importance for the treatment of enteric infection. Third generation Cephalosporins in particular are effective in the treatment of typhoid fever. Ceftriaxone, administered either orally or intramuscularly and Cefixime, which is administered orally, are both effective and are the preferred choice in NAR infection. MDR paved the way for the discovery of quinolones such as Nalidixic acid and it s improved derivatives, flouroquinolones ( Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin ) etc. In India, since 1990, chloramphenicol was generally replaced by ciprofloxacin as the drug of choice for Typhoid Fever 9. However indiscriminate use of flouroquinolones not only for enteric fever but also for other systemic infections soon led to the development of resistance in Salmonella Typhi and paratyphi A. There is a region called QRDR (Quinolone resistancedetermining region) in both DNA gyrase (gyra,gyrb )and topoisomerase IV (parc,pare ) where mutations usually occur. It has been suggested that a low level resistance to ciprofloxacin, probably arising from one point mutation in the gyra gene, In vitro resistance to nalidixic acid can be used to detect this low level resistance. In this study,on disc diffusion method about 82% (18 isolates out of 22 including one isolate of S.Paratyphi A ) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin i. e. zone diameter >31 mm (as per CLSI guideline), 3 were intermediate sensitive(diameter between 21 30mm), & one was resistant to ciprofloxacin (diameter between 20mm). Escherichia coli ATCC was included on each test occasion, and all results were within the 79
6 recommended limits, indicating the validity of our test procedures. MIC was determined by broth microdilution method, which indicate 12 isolates had MIC 0.25 µg/ml, 5 (out of 5 one was S.Paratyphi A) had MIC 0.5 µg/ml (3 isolates out of these 5 are intermediate sensitive on disc diffusion test), 3 isolates had MIC µg/ml, 1 isolate had high level ciprofloxacin resistance with MIC 8 µg/ml which is resistant to ciprofloxacin on disc diffusion also & only 1 strain has MIC 0.06 µg/ml. Conclusion: Major factors identified by WHO in initiating and promoting antimicrobial resistance include, a) the unnecessary use of antibiotics by humans; b) the misuse of antibiotics by health professionals; c) over-the-counter availability of antibiotics in many countries; d) patient failure to follow the prescribed course of treatment; and e) the use of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth hormones. Individual education about these aspects would be foremost important in control of salmonellosis. References: 1. Collier L, Balows A, Susman M. Salmonella. In :Topley and Wilson s Microbiology and Microbial infections. Chapter 17, 9th edition, Georgina bentliff, Great Britain.1998; (2): Paniker CK,.Anantnarayan & Paniker s Textbook of Microbiology. Chapter 32 Salmonella 8th edition. Universities press India Private Limited. Chennai. 2009; Fauci A,. Kasper D L. Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th Edition. USA: The McGraw Hil, Companies; Ralph A.Gianella by Salmonella.ed. Samuel Baron. Medical Microbiology.4th edition. Galvestone (TX):university of Texas Medical branch at Galvestone; B D Jones. Host responses to pathogenic Salmonella infection. Genes Dev. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; : Patrick AD, Francois Xavier weil, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella. Antigenic formulae of the. Salmonella serovars th edition. 7. Ntusi N, Aubin L, Oliver S, Whitelaw A, Mendelson M. Guideline for the optimal use of blood cultures. S Afr Med J 2010; 100: Lee A, Mirrett, S, Reller LB,. Weinstein MP. Detection of Bloodstream Infections in Adults: How Many Blood Cultures Are Needed? J Clin Microbiol November; 45(11): Harish BN, Menezes GA. Antimicrobial resistance in typhoidal salmonellae. Indian J medical microbiology, 2011 Jul- Sep; 29(3):
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali,
In the name of God Shiraz E-Medical Journal Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2010 http://semj.sums.ac.ir/vol11/jul2010/88030.htm Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, Rwanda. Ashok
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2016
susceptibility of Salmonella, 06 Hospital and community laboratories are requested to refer all Salmonella isolated from human salmonellosis cases to ESR for serotyping and the laboratory-based surveillance
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2015
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, 2015 Hospital and community laboratories are requested to refer all Salmonella isolated from human salmonellosis cases to ESR for serotyping and the laboratory-based
More informationTrends in the Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enteric Fever Isolates a Three Year Report from a Tertiary Care Centre
Original Article Trends in the Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Enteric Fever Isolates a Three Year Report from a Tertiary Care Centre Varsha Gupta, Nidhi Singla, Neha Bansal, Neelam Kaistha, Jagdish
More informationPalpasa Kansakar, Geeta Shakya, Nisha Rijal, Basudha Shrestha
In-vitro resistance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A raises concern on the use of older fluroquinolones in the empiric treatment of enteric fever in Nepal Palpasa Kansakar, Geeta Shakya, Nisha Rijal,
More informationOriginal article: Current pattern of Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial susceptibility in the era of antibiotic abuse
Original article: Current pattern of Salmonella Typhi antimicrobial susceptibility in the era of antibiotic abuse Riyaz chungathu, Jayavardhana A Dept of Pediatrics, PSGIMSR, Coimbatore Name of the Institute/college:
More informationAntibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 957-961 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
More informationPlease distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization.
HEALTH ADVISORY TO: Physicians and other Healthcare Providers Please distribute a copy of this information to each provider in your organization. Questions regarding this information may be directed to
More informationTyphoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments
Typhoid fever - priorities for research and development of new treatments Isabela Ribeiro, Manica Balasegaram, Christopher Parry October 2017 Enteric infections Enteric infections vary in symptoms and
More informationGeNei TM. Antibiotic Sensitivity. Teaching Kit Manual KT Revision No.: Bangalore Genei, 2007 Bangalore Genei, 2007
GeNei Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT68 106333 Revision No.: 00180705 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 4 Materials Provided 5 Procedure
More informationJMSCR Vol 05 Issue 05 Page May 2017
JMSCR Vol 05 Issue 05 Page 2205-22063 May 207 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 83.27 ISSN (e)-2347-76x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/0.8535/jmscr/v5i5.2
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Isolates at Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.018
More informationPrevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase Producers among Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Kurnool District, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 319-77 Volume Number (17) pp. 57-3 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/1.5/ijcmas.17..31
More informationApril Indian 2006 Journal of Medical Microbiology, (2006) 24 (2):101-6
April Indian 2006 Journal of Medical Microbiology, (2006) 24 (2):101-6 Original Article 101 TREATMENT OF ENTERIC FEVER IN CHILDREN ON THE BASIS OF CURRENT TRENDS OF ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SALMONELLA
More informationEvaluation of antimicrobial activity of Salmonella species from various antibiotic
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 3 Number 8 (August-2015) pp. 51-55 www.ijcrar.com Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Salmonella species from various antibiotic Shashi P. Jambhulkar 1 * and Arun B. Ingle 2
More informationVersion 1.01 (01/10/2016)
CHN58: ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (CLSI) 1.0 PURPOSE / INTRODUCTION: 1.1 Introduction Antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed in order to determine whether a pathogen is likely to be
More informationMultidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Octavie Lunguya 1, Veerle Lejon 2, Sophie Bertrand 3, Raymond Vanhoof 3, Jan Verhaegen 4, Anthony M. Smith 5, Benedikt
More informationDetection of Methicillin Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Using Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods in a Tertiary Care Hospital
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 4008-4014 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.415
More informationPROTOCOL for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella test strains
PROTOCOL for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella test strains 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 2 OBJECTIVES... 2 3 OUTLINE OF THE EQAS 2017... 2 3.1 Shipping, receipt and storage of strains...
More informationJanuary 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1
January 2014 Vol. 34 No. 1. and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Interpretive Standards for Testing Conditions Medium: diffusion: Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) roth dilution: cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton
More informationESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat
ESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat Hicham Ezzat Professor of Microbiology and Immunology Cairo University Introduction 1 Since the 1980s there have been dramatic
More informationANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS*
Short Communication ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS* T.R.Pugazhenthi 1, A. Elango 2, C. Naresh Kumar 3, B. Dhanalakshmi 4 and A. Bharathidhasan
More informationPILOT STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHIGELLA IN NEW ZEALAND IN 1996
PILOT STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SHIGELLA IN NEW ZEALAND IN 996 November 996 by Maggie Brett Antibiotic Reference Laboratory ESR Communicable Disease Centre Porirua CONTENTS Page SUMMARY
More informationThe Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards
The Basics: Using CLSI Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Standards Janet A. Hindler, MCLS, MT(ASCP) UCLA Health System Los Angeles, California, USA jhindler@ucla.edu 1 Learning Objectives Describe information
More information3/9/15. Disclosures. Salmonella and Fluoroquinolones: Where are we now? Salmonella Current Taxonomy. Salmonella spp.
Salmonella and Fluoroquinolones: Where are we now? Eszter Deak, PhD, D(ABMM) Chief, Clinical Microbiology Santa Clara Valley Medical Center San Jose, CA Eszter.Deak@hhs.sccgov.org Disclosures Nothing to
More informationTwenty-six years of enteric fever in Australia: an epidemiological analysis of antibiotic resistance
Robert J Commons MB BS, BMedSci, DipObsGyn, Registrar 1 Emma McBryde MB BS, FRACP, PhD, Head of Epidemiology 1 Mary Valcanis BSc, MPH, Section Head, Enteric Reference Laboratory 2 Joan Powling BAgrSc,
More informationStudy of Bacteriological Profile of Corneal Ulcers in Patients Attending VIMS, Ballari, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 200-205 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.020
More informationChanging trends in drug resistance among typhoid salmonellae in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
1038 La Revue de Santé de la Méditerranée orientale, Vol. 11, N o 5/6, 2005 Changing trends in drug resistance among typhoid salmonellae in Rawalpindi, Pakistan T. Butt, 1 R.N. Ahmad, 1 M. Salman 1,2 and
More informationa. 379 laboratories provided quantitative results, e.g (DD method) to 35.4% (MIC method) of all participants; see Table 2.
AND QUANTITATIVE PRECISION (SAMPLE UR-01, 2017) Background and Plan of Analysis Sample UR-01 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony
More informationBiofilm eradication studies on uropathogenic E. coli using ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin
Available online at www.pharmscidirect.com Int J Pharm Biomed Res 212, 3(2), 127-131 Research article International Journal of PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN No: 976-35 Biofilm eradication
More informationPreserving efficacy of chloramphenicol against typhoid fever in a tertiary care hospital, India
Preserving efficacy of chloramphenicol against typhoid fever in a tertiary care hospital, India B. N. Harish* and G. A. Menezes** Abstract A decrease in the incidence of multidrug resistant Salmonella
More informationA study of antibiogram of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Pondicherry, India
A study of antibiogram of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Pondicherry, India Sreenivasan Srirangaraj, Arunava Kali, M.V. Pravin Charles Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical
More informationStudy of drug resistance pattern of principal ESBL producing urinary isolates in an urban hospital setting in Eastern India
Research article Study of drug resistance pattern of principal ESBL producing urinary isolates in an urban hospital setting in Eastern India Mitali Chatterjee, 1 M. Banerjee, 1 S. Guha, 2 A.Lahiri, 3 K.Karak
More informationIsolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated at a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 10 (2015) pp. 951-955 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Isolation, identification and antimicrobial
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESBL PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI ABSTRACT
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESBL PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI * PRABHAKAR C MAILAPUR, DEEPA
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. CRL Training course in AST Copenhagen, Denmark 23-27th Feb.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli CRL Training course in AST Copenhagen, Denmark 23-27th Feb. 2009 Methodologies E-test by AB-biodisk A dilution test based on the
More informationEXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING
EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING CHN61: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING 1.1 Introduction A common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production
More informationEvaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals
J Vet Diagn Invest :164 168 (1998) Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals Susannah K. Hubert, Phouc Dinh Nguyen, Robert D. Walker Abstract.
More informationA retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya
A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya LU Edirisinghe 1, D Vidanagama 2 1 Senior Registrar in Medicine, 2 Consultant Microbiologist,
More informationUnderstanding the Hospital Antibiogram
Understanding the Hospital Antibiogram Sharon Erdman, PharmD Clinical Professor Purdue University College of Pharmacy Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist Eskenazi Health 5 Understanding the Hospital
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ISOLATES OF NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci. Journal Impact Factor 4.016 Research Article BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ISOLATES OF NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
More informationSensitivity Pattern of Salmonella serotypes in Northern India
BJID 2002; 6 (December) 281 Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella serotypes in Northern India Vikas Gautam, Naveen Kumar Gupta, Uma Chaudhary and D. R. Arora Department of Microbiology, PGIMS, Rohtak, India
More informationSania et al., IJPSR, 2016; Vol. 7(9): E-ISSN: ; P-ISSN:
IJPSR (2016), Vol. 7, Issue 9 (Research Article) Received on 12 April, 2016; received in revised form, 16 July, 2016; accepted, 27 July, 2016; published 01 September, 2016 EVALUATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITORY
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(3):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 891-895 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.104
More informationAPPENDIX III - DOUBLE DISK TEST FOR ESBL
Policy # MI\ANTI\04\03\v03 Page 1 of 5 Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Manual Subject Title: Appendix III - Double Disk Test for ESBL Issued by: LABORATORY MANAGER Original Date: January
More informationTyphoid fever in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal
Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2003) Vol. 2, No. 3, Issue 7, 188-192 Typhoid fever in Dhulikhel hospital, Nepal Sharma N, Koju R, Karmacharya B, Tamang MD, Makaju R, Nepali N, Shrestha P, Adhikari
More informationDr Nata Menabde Executive Director World Health Organization Office at the United Nations Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance
Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance Dr Nata Menabde Executive Director World Health Organization Office at the United Nations Proportion of MDR among previously treated TB cases, 1994-2010 0-
More informationEUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control
EUCAST recommended strains for internal quality control Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 59 ATCC
More information6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogenic microbes. Although
More informationRe-emergence of the susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated from blood samples to conventional first line antibiotics
Shrestha et al. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control (2016) 5:22 DOI 10.1186/s13756-016-0121-8 RESEARCH Re-emergence of the susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated from blood samples to
More informationAerobic bacteriological profile of urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 3 (2014) pp. 120-125 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Aerobic bacteriological profile of urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital V.Vijaya Swetha
More informationAntibiotic resistance and the human-animal interface: Public health concerns
Antibiotic resistance and the human-animal interface: Public health concerns Antibiotic Use and Resistance Moving forward through shared stewardship National Institute for Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia
More informationBackground and Plan of Analysis
ENTEROCOCCI Background and Plan of Analysis UR-11 (2017) was sent to API participants as a simulated urine culture for recognition of a significant pathogen colony count, to perform the identification
More informationANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KENYA; What Surveillance tells us
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KENYA; What Surveillance tells us Sam Kariuki Kenya Medical Research Institute Introduction Although no systematic national surveillance is in place, few sentinel studies indicate
More informationThere are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING ON MILK SAMPLES Method and guidelines There are two international organisations that set up guidelines and interpretive breakpoints for bacteriology and susceptibility
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Update
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Update Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain
More informationA Comparative Study Between Cefixime and Ofloxacin in The Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever Attending A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Research A Comparative Study Between Cefixime and Ofloxacin in The Treatment of Uncomplicated Typhoid Fever Attending A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Mishra Chandan *1, Jha Awadhesh Kumar 1, Ahmad Md.
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: The Basics Susan E. Sharp, Ph.D., DABMM, FAAM Director, Airport Way Regional Laboratory Director, Regional Microbiology and Molecular Infectious Diseases Laboratories
More informationQ1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.
Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.
More informationAerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune
Original article Aerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune Patil P, Joshi S, Bharadwaj R. Department of Microbiology, B.J. Medical College, Pune, India. Corresponding
More informationDECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIALS AMONG SHIGELLA FLEXNERI ISOLATES IN MANIPAL, SOUTH INDIA A 5 YEAR HOSPITAL BASED STUDY
DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIMICROBIALS AMONG SHIGELLA FLEXNERI ISOLATES IN MANIPAL, SOUTH INDIA A 5 YEAR HOSPITAL BASED STUDY Ballal Mamatha and Chakraborty Rituparna Department of Clinical Microbiology
More informationAntibiotic Symposium National Institute of Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia
Antibiotic Symposium National Institute of Animal Agriculture Atlanta, Georgia November 3, 2015 Robert Tauxe, MD, MPH Deputy Director, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases National
More informationAntibiotic Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Canine Urinary Tract Infections
Vol.1 No.2 Oct-Dec 2013 ISSN : 2321-6387 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Canine Urinary Tract Infections S. Yogeshpriya*, Usha N.Pillai, S. Ajithkumar and N. Madhavan Unny Department
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(11):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1167-1171 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.139
More informationChristiane Gaudreau* and Huguette Gilbert
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1997) 39, 707 712 JAC Comparison of disc diffusion and agar dilution methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and Campylobacter
More informationLab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method.
Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. OBJECTIVES 1. Compare the antimicrobial capabilities of different antibiotics. 2. Compare effectiveness of with different types of bacteria.
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Various Clinical
More informationAerobic Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pus Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hadoti Region
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2866-2873 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.326
More informationIsolation of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Study of their Drug Susceptibility Patterns
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 4 (2016) pp. 897-903 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.101
More informationSuggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing These suggestions are intended to indicate minimum sets of agents to test routinely in a diagnostic laboratory
More informationOccurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Original Article Vol. 21 No. 2 ESBL producers among blood culture isolates:- Kapoor L, Deb M. 53 Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Lata
More informationCorrespondence should be addressed to Anjeela Bhetwal;
Hindawi Microbiology Volume 2017, Article ID 2869458, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2869458 Research Article Enteric Fever Caused by Salmonella enterica Serovars with Reduced Susceptibility of Fluoroquinolones
More informationPrevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiogram in a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 952-956 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli CRL Campylobacter Workshop The 7th -8th of Oct. 2008 National Veterinary Institute Uppsala, Sweden Legislation The Commission has
More informationClinical Study The Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonellatyphi among Patients Attending a Military Hospital in Minna, Nigeria
Advances in Preventive Medicine Volume 2012, Article ID 875419, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/875419 Clinical Study The Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonellatyphi among Patients Attending
More informationThe impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker
The impact of antimicrobial resistance on enteric infections in Vietnam Dr Stephen Baker sbaker@oucru.org Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Outline The impact of antimicrobial
More informationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH How to cite this article: SHOBHA K L, RAMACHANDRA L, RAO G, MAJUMDER S, RAO S P. EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES (ESBL) IN GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI AT A TERTIARY
More informationPractical approach to Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and quality control
Practical approach to Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and quality control A/Professor John Ferguson, Microbiologist & Infectious Diseases Physician, Pathology North, University of Newcastle,
More informationLaboratory determination of the susceptibility to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from aquatic animals Peter Smith
FMM/RAS/298: Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries Laboratory determination of the susceptibility to antibiotics of
More informationPrinciples and Practice of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Microbiology Technical Workshop 25 th September 2013
Principles and Practice of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Microbiology Technical Workshop 25 th September 2013 Scope History Why Perform Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing? How to Perform an Antimicrobial
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control for MIC determination and disk diffusion as recommended by EUCAST Version 8.0, valid from 018-01-01
More information2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time)
Key words I μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ II Fig. 1. Microdilution plate. The dilution step of the antimicrobial agent is prepared in the -well microplate. Serial twofold dilution were prepared according
More informationInfection Comments First Line Agents Penicillin Allergy History of multiresistant. line treatment: persist for >7 days they may be
Gastrointestinal Infections Infection Comments First Line Agents Penicillin Allergy History of multiresistant Campylobacter Antibiotics not recommended. Erythromycin 250mg PO 6 Alternative to first N/A
More informationCharacterization of isolates from a multi-drug resistant outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia. coli O145 infections in the United States
AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 19 September 2011 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/aac.05545-11 Copyright 2011, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions.
More informationComparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity with Reference to Ages of Elders
Daffodil International University Institutional Repository DIU Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, Issue 1-2, July 2015 2016-06-16 Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Sensitivity with Reference
More informationManagement of Enteric fever
Management of Enteric fever Susheel Kumar Introduction: Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars Typhi (S. Typhi, causing typhoid fever) or Paratyphi
More informationALARMING RATES OF PREVALENCE OF ESBL PRODUCING E. COLI IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE NEUROSPECIALITY HOSPITAL
ALARMING RATES OF PREVALENCE OF ESBL PRODUCING E. COLI IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE NEUROSPECIALITY HOSPITAL Pearl. A Prabal*,Sourav Maiti Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
More informationThe Menace of Typhoid / Paratyphoid Fever The Abuja Experience: A 5 Year Retrospective Study
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Microbiology Volume 10 Number 1 The Menace of Typhoid / Paratyphoid Fever The Abuja Experience: A 5 Year Retrospective Study N Ibecheozor, I Peletiri, J Ajobiewe, N Akogwu,
More informationHelp with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST
Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST This document sets out the main differences between the BSAC and EUCAST disc diffusion methods with specific emphasis on preparation prior to
More informationDefining Resistance and Susceptibility: What S, I, and R Mean to You
Defining Resistance and Susceptibility: What S, I, and R Mean to You Michael D. Apley, DVM, PhD, DACVCP Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Susceptible
More informationجداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی
جداول میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزای اولویت دار و آنتی بیوتیک های تعیین شده برای آزمایش تعیین حساسیت ضد میکروبی در برنامه مهار مقاومت میکروبی ویرایش دوم بر اساس ed., 2017 CLSI M100 27 th تابستان ۶۹۳۱ تهیه
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author
Quality Assurance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing Derek Brown EUCAST Scientific Secretary ESCMID Postgraduate Education Course, Linz, 17 September 2014 Quality Assurance The total process by which
More informationComparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Comparative Assessment of b-lactamases Produced by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Juhee Ahn Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering Kangwon National University October 23, 27 Antibiotic Development
More informationDetection of Inducible AmpC β-lactamase-producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Original Article Vol. 25 No. 3 Ampc β-lactamase Production in Gram-Negative Bacilli:-Chaudhary U, et al. 129 Detection of Inducible AmpC β-lactamase-producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in a Teaching Tertiary
More informationPrevalence of nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes and the antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 103-107 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes and the antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients
More informationTraveling (resistant) bacteria
Traveling resistant bacteria Erika Vlieghe Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Traveling (resistant) bacteria Colonisation - carriership rectal flora, skin Infection: mild-moderate
More informationDrug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit
J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 160-164 Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit KIM BRIDGES AND E. J. L. LOWBURY From the MRC Industrial Injuries and Burns Unit, Birmingham
More informationTHE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEAT
THE EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. STRAINS ISOLATED FROM RAW MEAT Mihaiu Liora 1, Mihaiu Marian 2, Alexandra Lăpuşan 2, Dan Sorin 2, Romolica Mihaiu
More informationAntibiotic Reference Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR); August 2017
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella, 2015 and 2016 Helen Heffernan and Rosemary Woodhouse Antibiotic Reference Laboratory, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR); August 2017
More information