Response category 1. Etiologic agent. African Horse Sickness virusorbivirus. African Swine Fever Virus - asfivirus. Akabane Virus - orthobunyavirus

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1 STATE: Rhode Island Compiled by: Marisa Hickey; updated by Evan Sorley and Yvonne Nadler Date compiled: 1 September 2010 Updated: 1 September 2012 For more information on reportable diseases in Rhode Island visit: DISEASE Agent Common name Response category 1 Etiologic agent Primary affected Transmission Zoonotic FAD 2 USDA/ APHIS Y or N Y or N Y or N African Horse Sickness African Horse Sickness virusorbivirus Equidae Culicoides, Ticks, Mosquitoes African Swine Fever African Swine Fever - asfivirus Swine Ticks, Direct, Inhalation, Ingestion Akabane virus Akabane - orthobunyavirus Biting midges and mosquitoes, vertical transmission Anthrax Splenic Fever, Charbon, Milzebrand, Woolsorters' Disease, malignant pustule, malignant carbuncle A Bacillus anthracis Soile borne, inhalation, ingestion, direct Avian Influenza Fowl Plague, Bird Flu Avian Influenza A Wild and domestic birds; other depending on type Ingestion or inhalation of contaminated feces and respiratory secretions Y Y Y Bovine Babesiosis tick fever, cattle fever, texas fever Babesia spp., buffalo Ticks Y N Y Bluetongue Sore Muzzle Bluetongue orbivirus Domestic or Wild Ruminants Biting Midges (Culicoides ) N N Y

2 Borna Disease BD Borna disease virus Equine, Sheep (most common), found in multiple Direct with infectious secretions, olfactory route suggested, still undetermined Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Prion BSE, Mad Cow Disease Prion Consumption of meat and bone meal containing prions Y Y Y Brucellosis Contagious Abortion, Bang's Disease B Brucella spp., Bison, Pigs consumption of infected tissues Y N Y Burkholderia pseudomallei/mallei Whitmore's Disease, Melioidosis B Burkholderia pseudomallei, bacteria Sheep, Goats, Horses, Pigs, Direct with soil or surface water Canine Influenza Influenza A virus Canine aerosol Caseous lymphadenitis Cheesy Gland, CL, CLA, Boils Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Sheep, Goats Penetration of organisms through skin or mucous membranes Classical Swine Fever Hog Cholera Pestivirus Swine consumption of raw pork or garbage N Y Y Contagious Agalactia Mycoplasma agalactiae and other Mycoplasma spp. Sheep, Goats Ingestion of feed, water or milk contaminated with infected milk, urine, feces, or nasal and ocular discharge; inhalation occ. N Y Y

3 Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Contagious Equine Metritis Dourine Eastern Equine Encephalitis CEM Slapsiekte, Morbo Coitale maligno Mycoplasma mycoides Mycoplasma mycoides Taylorella equigenitalis Trypanosoma equiperdum Inhalation N Y Y Goats Inhalation of droplets from an infected animal, close N Y Y Equine Venereal Equine Venereal N Y Y B Alphavirus Equine Mosquitoes Y N Y Ephermeral Fever Three-day Stiffsickness, Bovine Epizootic Fever, Dragon boat disease, Lazy man's disease, dengue of cattle, 3 day sickness Bovine Ephemeral Fever, Bison Biting Insects Equine Infectious Anemia EIA, Swamp Fever Equine infectious anemia virus Equine Biting Insects N N Y Epizootic Lymphangitis Fungal Pseudoglanders, Histoplasmosis farciminosi, Equine Blastomycosis, Equine Histoplasmosis, Equine Cryptococcosis, African Farcy Histoplasma capsulatum var. Farciminosum Equine Flies, with skin lesions, nasal and ocular exudates of an infected animal or the soil. rare Y N Equine Piroplasmosis Equine Babesiosis, Equine Theileriosis, Biliary Fever Babesia spp. Horses, Mules, Donkeys, Zebras Ticks Equine Rhinopneumonitis Equine Herpes, Myeloencephalitis Equine herpes 1 and 4 Equine Inhalation of virus laden respiratory secretions

4 Equine Viral Arteritis EVA Equine areteritis virus Equine Inhalation N N Y Foot and Mouth Disease FMD Aphthovirus Domestic cloven-hooved animals consumption of contaminated meat products, ingestion of contaminated milk, artifical insemination with contaminated semen, inhalation of infectious aerosols. Giardia (originating from commercial sources) Lambliasis, Beaver Fever Giardia spp. Fecal-oral Y N Y Glanders Farcy B Burkholderia mallei, bacteria Equine, donkeys goat and sheep pox Capripoxvirus Sheep, Goats Heartwater Cowdriosis Hemorrhagic Septicemia Acute Pasteurellosis Ibaraki Disease Infectious Petechial Fever Epizootic Hemorrhagic disease Ehrlichia ruminantium Pasteurella multocida Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virusorbivirus Ehrlichia ondiri, rickettsia Ruminants, Water buffaloes Wild and domestic ruminants Oral, direct Y Y Y Aerosol, direct Ticks (Amblyomma) inhalation Biting midges (Culicoides), gnats and mosquitoes Unknown, but arthropod vector is suspected Y, some serotypes Y N U 3 N N Leptospirosis Lepto Leptospira spp. Contact or ingestion with infected urine

5 Louping Ill ovine encephalomyelitis, infectious encephalomyelitis of sheep, trembling-ill Flavivirus Three-host sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus; may spread through the milk of ewes and does Lumpy Skin Disease Pseudourticiaria Capripoxvirus Biting insects, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis LCM, Armstrong's Disease A Arenavirus Humans, hamsters, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, and primates. Aerosols, bites, oral or through abraded skin and mucous membranes. Maedi-Visna (also Visna- Maedi) Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) Lentivirus Sheep, Goats Respiratory, close, through infected milk/colostrum N N Y Malignant Catarrhal Fever MCF Rhadinovirus, Bison, Deer, Pigs Direct or airborne routes Nairobi Sheep Disease NSD Nairovirus Sheep, Goats Ticks Paratuberculosis Johne's Disease, MAP Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Ruminants mostley, occ multiple Fecal-oral Y N Y Parvovirus infection (originating from Petshops/Licensensed Kennels/Pounds/Shelters) Parvo Canine Parvovirus-2 Domestic and Wild canids Direct with infected fecal matter Peste des Petits Ruminatns PPR, Goat Plague, Pseudo-Rinderpest Morbillivirus Plague A Yersinia pestis Goats and Sheep, esp rodents, cats, rabbits Close, inhalation Fleas, Aerosols, Handling of Infected Animals

6 Porcine Babesiosis Babeisa spp. Porcine Encephalomyelitis Pseudorabies Psittacosis Teschen disease, Enterovirus encephalomyelitis Aujeszky's Disease, Mad Itch Ornithosis Parrot Fever B Teschovirus - enterovirus Herpesvirus Chlamydia psittaci Q-Fever B Coxiella burnetii Rabies Lyssavirus Rift Valley Fever Enzootic hepatitis Phlebovirus, Horses, Pigs, Sheep, Goats Swine Mostly pigs; also cattle, sheep, dogs, cats Parrots, some mammals Sheep, Goats,, espescially raccoons, skunks, coyotes, and fox Sheep, Goats, Ticks Y Y Y Direct and indirect ingestion, aerosol aerosol Airborne, Direct Contact with Reproductive Fluids/Tissues, ingestion N N Y -Laden Saliva Biting insects, aerosol Rinderpest Plague Morbillivirus Wild and domestic cloven hooved animals aerosol Salmonellosis B Scabies Mites mange Salmonella enteritidis Sarcoptes scabei, Psoroptes bovis, Chorioptes bovis Birds Scrapie Prion Prion Sheep, Goats Fecal-oral, direct mites Vertical transmission, oral Y N Y N N Y

7 Screwworm parasitic larvae Exotic Myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax All warm blooded, mostly cattle, sheep and goats Direct via egg laying Strangles Streptococcus equi Equine Direct Rare N N Sweating Sickness Tick borne toxin English sweate Epitheliotropic Toxin, young calves mostly Hyalomma truncatum, ticks U 3 Y N Swine Vesicular Disease Enterovirus Domestic Swine Through damaged skin, ingestion, or inhalation Theileriosis East Coast Fever, Corridor Disease, Theileriasis, January Disease, Zimbabwean Tick Fever, African Coast Fever; Tropical Theileriosis, Mediterranean Coast Fever, Mediterranean Theileriosis Theileria spp. (parasite), Buffalo Ticks, mainly Rhipicephalus Trypanosomiasis Chaga's Disease, Sleeping Sickness Trypanosoma spp. Species Tsetse fly or other biting sandfly Tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp. Species Inhalation, ingestion, or breaks in the skin Y N Y Tularemia Rabbie Fever A Francisella tularensis Rabbits and other wild rodents aerosol, ingestion, ticks or deer flies

8 Ulcerative Lymphangitis Pigeon breast, Pigeon fever, False strangles, Dry land distemper Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Horses Direct (skin abrasions), flies Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle disease Avian Pneumoencephalitis Paramyxovirus Birds Inhalation, ingestion, fomites Y-when exposed to large amount of virus Y Y Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Venezuelan Encephalitis B Alphavirus Horses Biting Insects Vesicular Exanthema Calicivirus Domestic swine ingestion or through skin abrasion Vesicular Stomatitis Vesiculovirus Wesselsbron Disease Wesselsbron Fever Flavivirus Horses, cattle, pigs Sheep,, Goats Insect vectors, fomites, direct Mosquitoes (Aedes spp.) Y Y Y West Nile Flavivirus Horses Mosquitoes Y N Y Western Equine Encephalomyelitis B Orbivirus Horses Mosquitoes (Culicoides spp) 1.The response categories used are from CDC's list of Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases: 2. All information regarding Foreign Animal Diseases is from USAHA's "Grey Book" on Foreign Animal Disease, 2008: 3. "U" represents the zoonotic potential of this disease is unknown/undetermined. N Y Y