1/1/ K BEAT IT!

Transcription

1 1/1/ K BEAT IT!

2 1. Getting Started Timeline in Detail a. Step 1 Management survey: herd management information. Due to cost, at this point there would be no farm visit by the whole team. There is a two page key issues management questionnaire to be conducted by the Certified Milk Inspector. Example, teat dip, routine.. what management changes are you willing to make? Get a pulse on what the producer is willing to do. i. Lets us get organized. Technicians have full schedule, set up first sample date at end of first meeting. ii. Along with survey we will develop a goal sheet. Conduct a risk assessment with written goals. iii. Will need release of bulk tank results at first meeting for producers that have done some testing/release of regulatory samples so we have a base. iv. Will need a team leader for each farm: this should be CMI or Dairy One Marketing Manager. They will coordinate a team meeting (Dairy One, QMPS, farm, veterinarian) This team will meet via webinar, video, or phone in Month 1 to discuss goals sheet b. Step 2 Begin Somatic Cell Count Sampling; Bulk Tank Culture i. QMPS interprets results (this will vary among farm and level of issues) c. Step 3 Somatic Cell Count Sampling, Possible Cow Cultures i. QMPS interprets results d. Step 4 Somatic Cell Count Sampling, Cow Cultures i. QMPS interprets results e. Step 5 Somatic Cell Count Sampling, Cow Cultures f. Step 6 Next Steps i. Second team meeting after 5th sampling. Develop option for moving forward 1. Bulk tank monitoring 2. Management strategies 3. Regular SCC service through Dairy One ii. Graduate from this to NYSCHAP Mastitis Module 2. Economics of Milk Quality 3. SOP for taking Samples 4. How we analyze data a. Sample Reports 2

3 5. Second meeting (Conference Call Final Document) a. Recommendations b. What we have learned over the past six months c. Treatment protocols d. Monitoring e. Follow up f. To Do list with designated person and deadline. See file for Management Survey 3

4 Organizational Meeting Summary: Date: Time: Call-in Conference Number: Passcode: Team Leader: *This person is responsible for calling the meeting, circulating minutes and to do lists, and keeping the team on-schedule! In Attendance: Dairy Producer: DHIA Number: Address: 2. QMPS Veterinarian: 3. Dairy One Market Manager: 4. Herd Veterinarian: 5. CMI 6. Meeting 1 Goals For Program: 4

5 Meeting 1 Agenda: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Introduction of Team Members Go Over Key Points of Management Survey Identify and prioritize program objectives/improvement goals with (specific to each dairy): Team member(s) assigned to overseeing goals Target dates for progression/completion Step 4: Review 400K Flow Chart of Activities, Months 1-6 Step 5: Step 6: Identify whether or not CMT paddle and sampling materials for individual cows are present on the farm? Assign team member communication strategy Best way to communicate ( , cell, fax) Identify sample dates Identify report deadlines Establish who gets reports Sign release form so that reports can be shared 5

6 Step 3 (In Detail) Identify and Prioritize Program Goals, Action Items: Action Item Responsible Team Member Target Date 6

7 Economics of Milk Quality Management Improved milk quality as measured by Bulk Tank Milk Somatic Cell Count (BTSCC) has tangible value in the form of increased milk value (quality premiums). Improving herd cell counts also provides a range of less tangible assets including increased productivity of cows and fewer cases of mastitis. The decrease in mastitis cases will lower treatment costs, the labor needed to manage sick cows, the amount of milk discarded because of treatment or high SCC and the risk for drug residues. Recent actions by many dairy product retailers and name brand processors suggest the consistent herd-level improvement in milk quality may become a requirement for continued access to markets. The most immediate way that a milk producer can add value to their milk and farm income is to capture any and all quality premiums available which are based on cell count. Quality premiums are tangible and immediately available. Added income based on premiums for improved cell counts can be seen in Appendix A below. The average herd in New York State (100 cows averaging 70 pounds of milk per cow per day) will increase milk income by $315/month if BTSCC remains between 200,000 and 250,000 cells/ml. A similar herd with cell counts between 100,000 and 150,000 cells/ml will see a net gain of $840 per month. That is an increase in income from premiums of more than $10,000 annually for the average herd in New York. (Note: income premiums vary between milk market cooperative agreements, therefore increased income from cooperative premiums will be based on your milk market premium levels). Gains increase proportionally with increased milk production and herd size. Tools to achieve these levels of quality are readily available to all dairy farmers; they just need the motivation to change management practices and truly deal with milk quality and udder health issues. Losses incurred from chronically high BTSCC have additional though less visible costs that take away from farm productivity and income. Damage to udder tissue created by both clinical mastitis and chronic subclinical mastitis will reduce productivity of an infected animal often for the remaining productive life of that animal. Milk loss from clinically infected animals is obvious to most farmers. However, the lifetime production losses associated with chronic subclinical mastitis are responsible for the bulk of the financial losses associated with mastitis. Typically 70% or more of the mastitis infections present on the farm take the form of subclinical infections. Milk from these high cell count quarters shortens the shelf-life of fluid milk and manufactured dairy products and detracts from their quality and value. Appendix B illustrates the impact of mastitis based on somatic cell linear score on the productivity and profitability of a herd. Because many of these infections are chronic in duration the financial losses are accumulating continuously. A average New York herd of 100 cows with a BTSCC average of 200,000 cells/ml (Linear Score = 4) incurs lost income of $1530/month with 7

8 a milk price of $17.00/cwt. This same herd with a BTSCC average of 400,000 cells/ml (Linear Score = 5) has lost and additional $765/month pushing total losses to $2295/month. As milk prices and BTSCC increase economic losses continue to grow. There is a simple spreadsheet created by Dr. John Fetrow, University of Minnesota, which allows dairy farmers to calculate the cost and income loss associated with mastitis. The losses include those associated with the treatment, culling and deaths associated with clinical mastitis as well as the calculated value of milk losses associated with elevated BTSCC. This spread sheet can be accessed at: This is an EXCEL spreadsheet and is simple to use. Herd data taken from stated herd goals and performance records (DHIA data) are entered into the yellow shaded cells. The first entry box provides four simple herd goals including BTSCC goal, % of clinical cases per month, number of cow deaths annually from mastitis and the number of culls due to mastitis/high SCC for the year. The next data box includes the description of the herd and current mastitis information. Included are herd inventory, current milk price, culling data, average annual BTSCC, replacement costs, etc. The third and last input box is concerned with costs associated with clinical mastitis including the number of clinical cases per month cost and duration of treatment and milking withhold. A summary of losses is provided at the top of the spreadsheet. They include losses associated with clinical cases of mastitis, the value of production losses associated with subclinical mastitis, losses due to excessive culling due to mastitis and often the most costly the loss of income from quality premiums. These data will also appear as a pie chart to the right of the summary. At the bottom of the chart is a summary of the milk loss associated with high BTSCC (subclinical mastitis) and another characterizing the monetary losses due to culling and death of affected animals. It is clear that cows with subclinical mastitis produce less milk, often 10% to 20% less milk over a lactation. The greatest economic losses attributed to high BTSCC are due to loss of quality premiums. The monetary loss due to mastitis in general is due to lower milk production. Additional losses are linked to a higher replacement costs; treatment, labor, drug and veterinary costs associated with clinical mastitis. The costs associated with improving udder health and milk quality are small compared to the returns that a farmer is likely to receive. The costs of implementing mastitis control procedures and changing management s perspective concerning mastitis control are often returned to the farm in a matter of weeks to months. Farmers will also benefit from the peace of mind in knowing that producing higher quality milk leads to assurances of continued access to their milk markets. 8

9 Appendix A: Quick reference for various milk quality payments. Total Value per Month, per 100 Cows, Quality Premium added or subtracted (to gross milk price) Pounds of milk per cow per day Per Cwt SCC Premium <101,000 $0.60 $990 $1,080 $1,170 $1,260 $1,350 $1,440 $1,530 $1,620 $0.55 $908 $990 $1,073 $1,155 $1,238 $1,320 $1,403 $1,485 $0.50 $825 $900 $975 $1,050 $1,125 $1,200 $1,275 $1,350 $0.45 $743 $810 $878 $945 $1,013 $1,080 $1,148 $1, $0.40 $660 $720 $780 $840 $900 $960 $1,020 $1,080 $0.35 $578 $630 $683 $735 $788 $840 $893 $945 $0.30 $495 $540 $585 $630 $675 $720 $765 $ $0.25 $413 $450 $488 $525 $563 $600 $638 $675 $0.20 $330 $360 $390 $420 $450 $480 $510 $ $0.15 $248 $270 $293 $315 $338 $360 $383 $ $0.10 $165 $180 $195 $210 $225 $240 $255 $270 $0.05 $83 $90 $98 $105 $113 $120 $128 $ $0.00 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 -$0.05 -$83 -$90 -$98 -$105 -$113 -$120 -$128 -$135 -$0.10 -$165 -$180 -$195 -$210 -$225 -$240 -$255 -$270 -$0.15 -$248 -$270 -$293 -$315 -$338 -$360 -$383 -$ $0.20 -$330 -$360 -$390 -$420 -$450 -$480 -$510 -$540 -$0.25 -$413 -$450 -$488 -$525 -$563 -$600 -$638 -$675 >751 -$0.30 -$495 -$540 -$585 -$630 -$675 -$720 -$765 -$810 -$0.35 -$578 -$630 -$683 -$735 -$788 -$840 -$893 -$945 -$0.40 -$660 -$720 -$780 -$840 -$900 -$960 -$1,020 -$1,080 9

10 Appendix B: 10

11 Appendix C: 11

12 Appendix D: Cost/benefit Analysis for Somatic Cell Count Reduction Program Financial benefits of improved bulk tank somatic cell counts (SCC) can be achieved relatively quickly for most herds. The most tangible income improvement opportunities comes from increased milk value or milk quality premiums. Benefits that are less tangible but of greater long term benefit include: increased productivity of the herd. lower infection levels and pressure for new infections reduced treatment costs less milk dumped less labor required to manage treated cows reduced risk for drug residue violations. Below is a monthly Cost Benefit Analysis for a 50 cow herd enrolled in the 400 K program. This herd is averaging 70 pounds of milk per cow and has reduced its average Bulk Tank SCC from 350,000 cells/ml to less than 200,000 cells/ml, a relatively small improvement. EXPENSES Dairy One testing costs: Estimated at ~ $2.50 per cow $ 125 (Note, real costs may vary by herd). Basic QMPS contract $600 / 6 mth $ 100 culture 3 $8/ culture $ 40 treatment costs 1 $15 $30/cow $ 45 TOTAL EXPENCES $ 310 Total INCOME SCC (<200,000 cells) 2 $ 315 Improved productivity 4 $ 400 TOTAL INCOME $ 715 Est. NET INCOME/month $ treatment cost vary with medication and duration of treatment 2 return from quality premiums once BTSCC goal is achieved 3 culture costs assuming a 10% chronic infection rate 4 Estimated increased milk production associated with reduced SCC 12

13 SCC Analysis for 400K BTSCC Project Somatic cell data will be analyzed using Dairy Comp 305 following each monthly test by the regional QMPS veterinarian. This analysis will focus on both a herd and individual cow level to arrive at recommendations for the producer according to the following flowchart (Fig. 1). Recommendations will then be distributed to all members of the Team. Few Cows (<2%) responsible for high counts Contribution of individual cows More than 2% of cows are responsible * New Chronic Fresh Top <5% <5% <10% Ok ~8% ~10% ~15% Not ok 9+% 10+% 18+% Chonic vs spikes New infections >8%* Chronic infections >8%* Fresh cow infections >15%* Segregate Culture Treat Dry Cull Analyze: Heifers vs cows Hygiene Milking procedures Purchased cattle Segregation Days in milk / Dry Seasonality Pen/barn specific effects LACTATION SCC Patterns: Heifers vs cows Segregate Culture Chronic High SCC Cows Dry off Treat Spikes High - low - high Chronic high In Lactation Cull/dry Analyze: Heifers vs cows Dry cow treatment Hygiene dry period Minerals Seasonality Heifer facilities Transition mgmt DRY- PERIOD Figure 1: QMPS algorithm for use in evaluating SCC data collected by Dairy One. Each regional QMPS veterinarian will download the cowfile in the QMPS DC305 menu and command file format and will follow a stepwise procedure in their SCC analysis. The steps for the analysis are defined below. The DC 305 commands are shown in red. 13

14 Results are evaluated, reported in a letter to the farm. The format of the letter follows the generic QMPS veterinary letter (see QMPS veterinary report writing manual). The letter is sent to the producer, with a copy to all the team members as identified on the meeting 1 team member sheet. Step wise analysis of DC305 milk quality data 1. Examine Herd Average SCC/LS over time to identify any patterns or trends PLOT LS SCC FOR ID>0 \R Note, this graph will be limited by the number of test dates available. It will immediately show the current bulk milk status of the farm and provide insight in the presence or absence of previous test day information. 2. Identify the animals currently contributing the most cells to the bulk tank ECON ID LACT DIM LS1 PLS LS \SP This will provide an insight into the scale of the problem on the farm. When only a few cows are responsible for the high bulk tank SCC then it will be clear from this table. An accurate milk price and available premiums must be enabled to be accurate. The milk price and premium schedule can be altered using the command ECON \3 Output: 14

15 - Dairy Comp Command : ECON ID LACT DIM LS1 PLS LS\S - - Expanded: /20/10--- Analyzing 68 cows on Test Date 9/17/10 -- Bulk Tank Today -- Total Milk Current Settings Average Milk 62 Milk price Bulk PctF 4.23 Fat Base 3.5 Diff 0.07 Bulk PctP 3.33 Ptn Base 3.2 Diff 0.12 SCC Premiums enabled Without any cows removed : Bulk Tank SCC 441 Pay Price Daily Income Bulk Tank after Bulk Tank after removing only this removing cow and cow from tank all cows above it ID LACT DIM LS1 PLS LS MILK Value SCC %Tank Income Income ===== ==== ===== ==== ==== ==== ==== ===== ==== ===== ===== ==== ======= ===== ==== ======= Value - Dollar value of milk produced, adjusted for SCC - Test day raw somatic cell count, in thousands. %Tank - Percent of bulk tank SCC contributed by this cow. In this example removing two cows (~2% of cows in this farm) would drop the bulk tank SCC from 441 to 302. This drop is enough to resolve the 400K issue, but not good enough to be sustainably low. Further analysis is necessary to identify what the key issues are on this farm. 15

16 3. Use SCC dynamics of the herd to identify problem areas such as: new infection rate, chronic infections, dry period infections, etc. PLOT LS=4.5 BY LS \YTRZ Usefulness of this table and graph will be limited by the number of test dates, and size of herd. Graphs for each parameter may be displayed individually for easier interpretation. See the flow chart on page 1 for reference values. - Dairy Comp Page {$PAGE} - Command : SCC Expanded: PLOT LS=4.5 BY LS \YTRZ /20/10--- T E S T D A T E S 9/16 10/22 11/28 12/24 1/22 2/22 4/19 5/21 6/19 7/19 8/18 9/17 LS Chronic % # New Inf % # Cured % # Clean % # HiFresh % # LoFresh % # Cure Risk New Risk

17 In the above example the herd has a very high percentage of chronic cows (15%), a high and extremely variable new infection risk (12%) and a high percent of High Fresh cows (33%). See the graph below for the same data in graphic format. 4. Identify animals for culture and possible treatment: We would suggest sampling cows with a very high contribution to the bulk tank and the cows with multiple high cell count values: Cows with a high contribution to the bulk milk SCC. Use the report from page 3 or use the command below: LIST ID DIM LACT RELV MILK SCC FOR SCC>3000 MILK>30 DOWNBY SCC ID DIM LACT RELV MILK SCC Total: 3 17

18 Cows with at least two recent high cell counts LIST ID DIM DRYLS LS1 PLS4 PLS3 PLS LS NMAST FOR LS>4.5 PLS>4.5 DOWNBY LS ID DIM DRYLS LS1 PLS4 PLS3 PLS LS NMAST When sampling these cows, it is advised to perform a CMT test on the cow before sampling and then aseptically collect samples of the quarters with a CMT score of at least 2 (gel formation in CMT cup). Provide an SOP of sampling cows to the producer in the materials. Provide materials for sampling of cows when this is discussed in the first meeting. 18

19 5. Develop tentative culling list. Create a list of cows that are relative poor producers and have a high somatic cell count. Look at the individual cows and particularly focus on older animals with persistent high somatic cell count. LIST ID LACT DIM MILK RPRO RELV DRYLS LS1 PLS4 PLS3 PLS LS AVLS NMAST FOR RELV<90 AVLS>6 DOWNBY AVLS ID LACT DIM MILK RPRO RELV DRYLS LS1 PLS4 PLS3 PLS LS AVLS NMAST OK/OPEN BRED BRED PREG PREG OK/OPEN DRY OK/OPEN BRED BRED Total: 10 In this example, particularly cow 1681, 6023, 6096, 6120 and 6267 are long term high somatic cell count cows. Cows 1681, 6023, 6120 and 6267 are far in lactation and not yet confirmed pregnant. These cows should be considered carefully for culling. 19

20 20

21 Next Steps Meeting (Month 6): Date: Time: Call-in Conference Number: Passcode: Team Leader: *This person is responsible for calling the meeting, circulating minutes and to do lists, and keeping the team on-schedule! In Attendance: 1. Dairy Producer: 2. QMPS Veterinarian: 3. Dairy One Market Manager: 4. Herd Veterinarian: 5. CMI: 6. Other: Goals Developed From This Meeting for Continued Milk Quality Success (to be filled out at the end of meeting): Final Meeting, Month 6 Meeting Information 21

22 Agenda For Month 6 Meeting: Step 1: Identify what we have learned over the past 6 months: Step 2: Recommendations by Team: Step 3: Discuss Treatment Protocols

23 Step 4. Bulk Tank Surveillance Program, we encourage continued monitoring: NYSCHAP Participant Yes or No Hauler: Contact Number: Step 5. Dairy One Testing: Frequency of testing with Dairy One: Step 6. Next Steps, The new to do list, include WHO is responsible for seeing each step through

24 Step 5 (In Detail) Identify and Prioritize Program Goals, Action Items: Action Item Responsible Team Member Target Date 24