Bacterial Meningitis: Rapid Diagnosis And Microbial Profile : A Multicentered Study
|
|
- Dortha Cain
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. Commun. Dis. 40 (2) 2008 : Bacterial Meningitis: apid Diagnosis And Microbial Profile : A Multicentered tudy ultana hameem*, VinodKumar C**, Neelagund YF*** ABTACT Meningitis continues to be a formidable illness with high morbidity and mortality among children in India. The present study was undertaken to prospectively look for the prevalence of pyogenic meningitis at Gulbarga and to find out the utility of gram stain, Latex Agglutination Test and (LTA) and C-reactive protein in the rapid diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis from children. Over a 48-months period, 535 children with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis were investigated by direct microscopy, CP, bacterial culture, latex agglutination test (L TA), cell count and cell type and biochemical tests. Latex Agglutination Test (LA T) was done for detection of the antigens of treptococcus pneumoniae, Group B treptococci, E. coli, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Among 535 suspected meningitis cases, 291 cases were diagnosed as pyogenic meningitis cases based on biochemical tests, cell count and cell type. Out of 291 cases, 55 cases have already received antibiotic treatment. Among 236 cases of untreated pyogenic meningitis cases, 199 CF samples were culture positive. treptococcus pneumoniae (44.7%) was the predominant organism identified, followed by H influenzae (25.6%) and Gp. B. treptococci (9.5%). 208 of 236 cases were gram-stain positive, 129 cases had elevated CF-CP and 214 cases were diagnosed as pyogenic meningitis by the detection of bacterial antigens by latex agglutination test. * Division of esearch in Medical ciences, Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga ** Department of Microbiology,.. Institute of Medical ciences & esearch Centre, Davanagere Correspondence to : Dr. Vinod Kumar C, Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology,.. Institute of Medical ciences & esearch Centre, Vidhyanagar post box -1, NH-4, Bypass Davanagere vinodmicro@yahoo.com
2 112 ultana hameem et al Among 55 pretreated cases, only (9.1%) CF samples were culture positive, bacteria was observed in 36 gram stain smear, CP was elevated in 16 CF samples and 52 pretreated cases of suspected meningitis were diagnosed as pyogenic meningitis by latex agglutination test for detection of bacterial antigens. Many of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and least sensitive to tetracycline and gentamicin. 13.1% of gram-negative bacilli were EBL producers. To conclude, inclusion of latex agglutination test for detection of bacterial antigen in the routine diagnosis adds a valuable adjunct in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. Key words : pyogenic meningitis, bacterial CF culture, gram stain and LAT. IODUCTION Pyogenic meningitis is a common medical emergency among the pediatric age group in 1 India. It contributes to 0.5 to 2.6% of the hospital admissions. Bacterial meningitis is a serious and sometimes fatal infection 2, 3 affecting the central nervous system.. Traditional laboratory diagnostic methods of culture for the identification of bacterial meningitis pathogens take up to 36 h or 4, 5 more. Furthermore, it has been observed that following an increase in the practice of starting antimicrobial therapy prior to clinical sample collection, the ability to confirm the pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial meningitis and septicemia has 4 decreased by approximately 30%. This has been noted in Public Health Laboratory ervice (PHL), Communicable Disease urveillance Centre (CDC) data which show a growing discrepancy between the numbers of clinically suspected and culture-confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis and septicemia, with particular reference to meningococcal 6 infection in India And also in recent years due to selection pressure of antibiotics in the hospital environment multiple resistance to antibiotics has been encountered among gram-negative bacteria. This is more so with 5-9 Klebsiella sps. Hence an accurate and rapid diagnosis is an essential pre- requisite to administer appropriate antibiotics for successful therapy. The conventional culture methods are time consuming and often give negative 5 results in treated cases. The simple rapid method like Gram stain is relatively non- 10 specific. Hence, there is a need for rapid and reliable test for the diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis. Immunochemical demonstration of soluble bacterial antigen in CF speeds definitive diagnosis without the need of experienced bacteriological laboratory person. The latex agglutination is one such test found to be useful for the diagnosis of pneumococcal, haemophilus and meningococcal meningitis. Hence, this test was adopted in our laboratory for the diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis in children due to the common agents like treptococcus pneumoniae, Group B treptococci, E. coli, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b in children. The objective of the present study is to prospectively look for microbial profile, antibiogram of bacterial meningitis and the utility of Latex agglutination tests in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis with special reference to treptococcus
3 apid diagnosis and microbial profile of bacterial meningitis 113 pneumoniae, Group B treptococci, E. coli, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzas type b in children. MATEIAL AND METHOD Five hundred thirty five (535) paediatric patients clinically suspected of having pyogenic meningitis were included in the study. They were admitted to Government Hospital, M.. medical college hospital, angameshwar pediatric hospital, and Basaveshwar hospital, Gulbarga, during the period from February 20 to January Information obtained at the time of admission included age, sex, race, period of illness, antibiotic intake before admission and clinical symptoms and signs at the time of admission and while the child was in hospital. After admission, 2-3 ml of cerebrospinal fluid (CF) was collected aseptically by lumbar puncture in two separate sterile test tubes. One of the two specimens from each patient was sent to the bacteriological laboratory for culture, Gram staining and latex agglutination tests. The second was used for cytology and for protein and sugar estimations. The CF was inoculated onto blood agar and chocolate agar and incubated aerobically in a candle jar at 37 C 18 immediately. Bacteriological studies on the CF were performed in the Department of P.G. studies in Microbiology, Division of research in Medical sciences, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga. On receipt, each specimen was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed aseptically into a separate tube and used for latex agglutination tests for the detection of bacteriological antigens, using Wallcogen meningitis kit (Murex, England) & CP test (Tulip Diagnostic). The sediment was cultured using standard techniques and also used for Gram staining. All isolates were identified on the basis of their colony morphology and culture characteristics, and their biochemical 18 reactions according to standard procedures. Isolates were tested for their antibiotic sensitivity for commonly used antibiotics by 19 the Kirby & Bauer disk diffusion technique. taphylococcus aureus (ATCC no ) and Escherichia coli (ATCC no ) were used as control strains. EBL among gram-negative 20 was detected by double disk synergistic test. Latex Agglutination Test : The supernatant of the centrifuged CF samples were kept in boiling water bath for 5 minutes and used for LAT. For each specimen one drop of. pneumoniae Latex reagent (Wellcogen kit of Murex diagnostics Ltd. England) and one drop of control reagent was placed on a separate circle on the reagent 14, 17 card. One drop of processed CF was placed by the slide of test and control reagent. Contents of each circle were mixed and spread to cover the full area of circle. The card was rocked slowly and agglutination considered positive within three minutes by naked eye examination (as per the instruction manual of the kit). The test was repeated similarly with Group B treptococci, E. coli, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b latex reagent. tatistical analysis was done using Chi square test. EULT Out of 535 suspected meningitis cases, cell count, cell type and biochemical results revealed that only 291 cases were pyogenic meningitis. Amongst 291 pyogenic meningitis cases, 55 cases were pre treated and 236 were untreated cases. Out of 291 cases male were affected more compared to female. The total male to female ratio was 1.2: 1. Most of the cases were between the age group 1 month to 3 years.
4 114 ultana hameem et al Untreated cases:- In untreated cases, gram stained smear examination of the 236 CF samples showed organism in 208 (88.1 %) samples. Gram positive diplococci were the predominant organisms seen in the gram smears (Table-1). 199 (84.3%) CF samples were culture positive (table-2).. pneumoniae was the common isolate (44.7%) grown followed by Haemophilus influenzas type b (25.6%). Neisseria meningitides was isolated in 6.5%, taphylococcus aureus in 5.5%, Klebsiella sps in 4.0%, E.coli in 2.5% and Pseudomonas sps 1.5%. Among 236 untreated cases, 130 CF samples were positive for CP of which 1 Table 1: esults of Gram stained smears of CF in Untreated Pyogenic Meningitis (n=236) Bacteria No (%) Gram positive diplococci Gram negative bacilli Gram positive cocci in small chain Gram negative diplococci Gram positive cocci in clusters No bacteria seen in the smear Total Table 2: Culture results of CF specimens in Untreated pyogenic Meningitis patients (n=236) Organisms No. Positive (%). pneumoniae H. Influenzae Group B treptococci Niesseria meningitides taphylococcus aureus Klebsiella spp Esch.Coli 3.0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.5 Total 199 samples were positive for culture and CP, 28 were positive only for CP and Culture negative. 1 CP negative cases, 97 CF samples were culture positive 9 samples were culture negative (Table-3). Latex agglutination test for detection of bacterial antigens were done for all 236 untreated cases, of which 214 (90.7%) of CF samples were positive of one or other bacterial antigens. 199 CF samples were positive for both culture and LAT, 09 CF samples were positive for LAT, but negative for culture. But all these nine patients were clinically proven meningitis cases. The most Table 3. Comparison of Gram stain Latex Agglutination test and CP with culture in untreated cases (236) Test Culture tatistics Positive Negative Gram stain LAT CP Positive Negative Positive Negative 22 Positive 1 28 Negative P=0.0 P=0.0 P=0.0
5 apid diagnosis and microbial profile of bacterial meningitis 115 common bacterial antigens identified by LAT are 94 Pneumococcal meningitis, 61 Hemophilus influenza meningitis, 29 Group B treptococci meningitis 18, Neisseria meningitis, and. 12 E. coli meningitis. Treated cases:- A total of 55 patients received medication prior to hospitalization. In this treated group, the conventional bacteriological technique identified the causative organism in 5 cases, whereas 36 cases of pyogenic meningitis cases were presumptively identified by gram stain, 16 cases by CP and 52 cases were identified by LAT. All the above 55 treated cases were clinically diagnosed as meningitis cases (Table-4). Antibiotic sensitivity test Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the organisms isolated from pyogenic meningitis is dipected in table % of the organisms were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Amongst the grampositive bacteria, 23.6% of. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin and all the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin. In taphylococcus aureus 63.6% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 54.5% to amoxicillin, 72.7% to amikacin and 54.5% to ceftriaxone. Among gramnegative bacilli 100% of Pseudomonas sps were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Among Klebsiella sps, the largest percent of resistance was seen to tetracycline (87.5%), ampicillin (75.0%) and 62.5% for gentamicin and 50.0% to amikacin respectively % of the gram-negative bacteria were EBL producers. EBL production was observed in 27% of Klebsiella sps, 40% % of E.coli and 60.7%% of Pseudomonas sps. DICUION The majority of our pyogenic meningitis cases were found in children of age less then 2 year (64.9%) (P < 0.), which concurs with 17 the findings of other authors. In this age group, there were more male children affected than females (male to female ratio of 1.2:1). Other authors have made similar 1,6,7 observations. Laboratory investigations of CF specimens in suspected acute meningitis are extremely important for prompt Gram stain LAT CP *Chi-square test #Fisher's extract test Table 4. Comparison of Gram stain Latex Agglutination test and CP with culture in treated cases (55) Test Culture tatistics Positive Negative Positive 32 Negative Positive 47 Negative -- Positive 13 Negative 37 P*=0.2 # P =0.6 P=0.2
6 116 ultana hameem et al Table 5. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the organisms isolated from pyogenic meningitis Organisms Penicillin Tetracycline Ampicillin Gentamicin Amoxicillin Amikacin Chloramphenicol Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone treptococcus Pneumoniae (89) 21 (23.6) 68 (76.4) H. Injluenzae(51) (33.3) 42 (82.3) 09 (17.7) (33.3) 43 (86.6) 08 (15.4) 08 (15.4) 43 (84.6) 17 (33.3) GpB treptococci (19) N. Meningitidis (13) taphylococcus aureus (11) 07 (63.6) 04 (36.4) (54.5) (45.5) (27.3) 08 (72.7) (54.5) (45.5) 08 (72.7) (27.3) (54.5) (45.5) (27.3) 08 (72.7) (45.5) (54.5) (54.5 (45.5) Klebsiella sps (08) 07 (87.5) (12.5) (75.0) (25.0) (62.5) (37.5) (62.5) (37.5) 04 (50.0) 04 (50.0) (62.5) (37.5) (25.0) (75.0) 07 (87.5) (12.5) 07 (87.5) (12.5) E. coli () 04 (80.0) (20.0) (80.0) (20.0) Pseudomonas sps () (33.3) (33.3) -- (33.3) -- --
7 apid diagnosis and microbial profile of bacterial meningitis 117 recognition of the nature of the infecting organism as management and therapy of the patient depend on this information. The incidence of specific pathogens causing bacterial meningitis varies around 1,14,20 the world. The isolation rate of acute pyogenic meningitis ranges from %. The isolation rate in our study was 84.3%.. pneumoniae (33.8%) was the predominant organism isolated, followed by H. influenzae (25.6%), Gp. B. treptococci (9.5%), taphylococcus aureus (5.5%). imilar findings 19 have been reported from previous study and from other parts of the world, although in many other reports N. meningitides was more common. This is probably due to the endemicity of the organism and to the larger number of cases that may be involved in epidemic situations. The predominance of Gram-negative organisms reported as etiological agents of 16 bacterial meningitis was not seen in our study, where Gram- positive bacteria were isolated from 59.8%, and Gram- negative bacteria were found only in 40.2% of the cases. The simple Gram-stain smear of CF is reported to be the most useful single test for 3,7,9 identifying bacterial meningitis. In this study, Gram staining revealed the probable etiological organisms in 88.1 % of cases in untreated meningitis cases and 67.2% of cases in treated cases, while only 84.3% were positive by CF culture in untreated cases and 9.1% were positive in treated meningitis cases. Our findings corroborates with other 14 studies. The sensitivity of gram stain was 100%, which is more than that of Vishwanath et al., (89%) and ajkumar et al., (44%). This confirms the value of the Gram stain as a rapid presumptive diagnostic aid in treated and untreated cases of meningitis. Bacterial antigens of the primary causative agents of childhood meningitis, namely those of N. meningitides,. pneumoniae Gp. B treptococci, E. coli and H. influenzae type b, can be used for the early diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. In the present study, simple latex agglutination tests for these pathogens detected 90.7% untreated cases and 94.5% of pretreated meningitis. ensitivity of LAT was 100% in case of untreated cases and 94.5% in case of pretreated cases. Our finding correlates with 26 that of ao et al., 89% and Vishwanath 22 et al., (90%). The low culture positivity rate when compared to LAT may be probably due to viral meningitis, antibiotic therapy prior to the collection of CF or presence of autolytic 11,21 enzymes. The LAT positivity rate reported in the present study is slightly higher compared to the others workers because we have included LAT for N. meningitides, Gp. B. treptococci, and E.coli. In treated group LAT was able to identify the causative agent in 52(94.5%) cases whereas by the doing only conventional method, bacterial agent was identified in 5(9.1%) cases. This clearly indicates LA T is useful to determine the pretreated cases of pyogenic meningitis from CF specimen. Our findings are in 12,14 concurrence with other authors. The results obtained reassure the role of LAT for the antigen detection in CF samples even in pretreated cases and also signifies that LAT is superior to conventional tests for the etiological diagnosis of pyogenic 22 meningitis. LAT has many advantages over the conventional methods in being simple, rapid and more sensitive than culture besides also being useful in diagnosing treated cases.
8 118 ultana hameem et al Hence, it may be recommended for routine diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis in peripheral laboratory and in clinical setups where a facility for culture is not available and also in the referral hospitals for the rapid diagnosis. The other sensitive assay CF CP latex agglutination tests are increasingly used for biological application. There is no uniform agreement about sensitivity of CF-CP level in predicting pyogenic meningitis. High sensitivity rates were found in some studies, whereas low levels were reported in neonates 22 using laser nephalometry techniques. In our study 129 (54.7%) out of236 untreated cases were positive for CF-CP, and 16 (29.1%) out of 55 treated cases were positive. ensitivity of CF- CP in untreated cases was 54.7% and 29% in pretreated cases. Culture of CF was positive in 84.3%. Thus, the simple Gram stain combined with the latex agglutination test will help in a rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, and may also indicate the most probable causative organisms before culture results are available. This is extremely Important in the 7,12,21 rapid management of such cases. However, culture remains important in assessing the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the causative organisms. It is worth noting that 15.7% of bacterial meningitis cases had an unidentified etiology, which has also been observed by other workers. This is not likely to be the result of prior antibiotic therapy as many think, since it was reported even before the 22 antibiotic era. ome of these cases may be caused by N. meningitides, which is known in some cases to show a lack of organisms In smears, CF and blood cultures, and even in 22 antigen detection tests. The development of new and very sensitive tests may throw light on this group. The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of our isolates showed that all Gram-positive, and many of the Gram-negative organisms were resistant to two or more antibiotics tested in the present study. 23.8% of. pneumoniae were resistant to penicillin. Ampicillin and tetracycline were the least effective. These findings are in accordance 7,19,22 with the findings of other investigators. There is increasing resistance among the major pathogens which cause meningitis to most of the traditional antimicrobial agents used as initial therapy prior to the availability of bacteriological results. A high percentage of ampicillinresistant (54%) and chloramphenicolresistant (41%) H. influenzae were isolated in the present study. imilar findings have been 19,24 observed by other workers. Tests for the production of b-iactamase mediated resistance revealed that 13.1 % of the total gram negative bacilli were EBL producer. Klebsiella sps and the E.coli were the predominant organisms producing EBL. The standard antibiotic therapy, using ampicillin and chloramphenicol before the bacteriological report reaches the pediatrician, may need to be modified. In our study, we found that the majority of isolates were highly sensitive to cefotaxime ceftriaxone and amikacin. The case fatality rate among the 236 cases was 11.6% despite treatment. Although lower mortality rates have been reported in industrialized countries such as the United 24 tates of America (2.6%), higher rates have been reported in some developing countries and countries in the Middle East, such as 9 23 Turkey (38%), audi Arabia (14.7%), udan 11 8 (28.6%) and India (21.8%).
9 apid diagnosis and microbial profile of bacterial meningitis 119 Our study lends the support to this belief that potential for guiding clinicians towards the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy and patient management can to be improved by the inclusion of the LA T for the detection of bacterial antigens in the routine diagnostic screening regimen which would provide a rapid and robust assay for the improved nonculture diagnosis and case ascertainment of pyogenic meningitis. ACKNOWLEDGEME Authors would like to acknowledge Dean of M Medial College, Medical superintendent of angameshwar Pediatrics hospital, District surgeon of Govt. Hospital, Gulbarga for the clinical specimen and Gulbarga University for the facilities. EFEENCE 1. Kabra K, Praveen Kumar, Verma IC et al. Bacterial Meningitis in India an UP survey. India J pediatr 1991; 58: amachandra eddy, udhakar ao V, avi ubash Chandra eddy et al. Pyoginic meningitis in infants and children. Indian pediatrics 1973; 10: Klare K and Dayal purulent meningitis in infancy and childhood. Indian J pediatr 1977; 44: rivasatave J, rivastave VK, Mehrotra N et al. Clinical and Bacteriological study of pyogenic meningitis in children. Indian J pediatr 1968; 35: Dalton, H. P., and M. J. Allison. Modification of laboratory results by partial treatment of bacterial meningitis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 1968; 49: Public Health, and Laboratory ervice. Communicable disease report. Commun. Dis. ep. Wkly 1999; 9: Wenger JD, Broome CV. Bacterial meningitis: epidemiology. In: Infections of the central nervous system. Philadelphia, BC Decker Inc., 1991: Panjarathinam, hah K. Pyogenic meningitis in Ahmedabad. Indian Journal of pediatrics, 1993, 60: Vishnu Bhat B. Ishwar C Verma, Puri K et al. a profile of pyogenic meningitis in children. J Indian Med assoc 1991; 89: obert B, Newman, oy Wand tevens, Hassan A. Gaffer. Latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of haemophilus influenzae meningitis. J Lab Clin Med 1970; 76: Manthram anto sham, obert Ancona and Dennis headings. Current concepts in the treatment of pyogenic meningitis. Indian J pediatr 1980; 47: Coonrod JD and ylko bauer. Latex a g g l u t i n a t i o n i n t h e d i a g n o s i s o f pneumococcal infection. J Clin microbiology 1976; 4: Dirks-Go and zanen HC latex agglutination counter immunoelectrophoresis, and protein A co agglutination in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Clin pathol 1978; 31: Deivananyagam N et al. Bacterial meningitis: diagnosis by latex agglutination test and clinical features. Indian pediatrics, 1993, 30: Lalitha MK, ridharan G and Mercy John Co agglutination for Diagnosis of Bacterial infection. Indian J pediatr 1989; 56: Harcharan ingh, arkar.achdev HP. Immunological Tests in Acute Bacterial meningitis. Indian pediatr 1988; 25: Williams G, Hart CA. apid identification of bacterial antigens in blood cultures and cerebrospinal fluids. Journal of clinical pathology, 1988, 41: Mackie and McCartney. Practical Medical Microbiology Edinburgh; Churchill Livingstone, Bauer, Kirby, herri, Turkey. Antibiotic susceptibility testing methods. Am Journal Clin Path, 1966; 45:
10 120 ultana hameem et al 20. Jerestin BH, Vandana Agarwal Pathat. Extended spectrum beta-iactamase medicated resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nagpur, central India. Indian Journal Med es 1997; 1: Thirumoorthi MC. Bacterial meningitis in children. Indian J. pediatr 1995; 62: Vishwanath G, Preeven, Hanumanthappa A, Chandrappa NG. Bacteriological study of pyogenic meningitis with special reference to latex agglutination. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 20; 50: AI-Jurayyan NAM et al. Childhood bacterial meningitis in AI-Baha Province, audi Arabia. Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1992; 95: Allan Tunkel and Michael scheid W. Acute bacterial meningitis. Lancet 1995; 346: K u m a r, K h u r a n a, G u p t a B K. Meningococcal meningitis in Ludhiana. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 1992; 35(4): ao BN, hembesh et al. Latex particle agglutination tests as an aid in the rapid diagnosis of acute childhood bacterial meningitis. The Indian Practitioner 1998; 51 (10):
Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiogram in a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 952-956 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Prevalence of Metallo-Beta-Lactamase
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(11):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1167-1171 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.139
More informationStudy of Bacteriological Profile of Corneal Ulcers in Patients Attending VIMS, Ballari, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 200-205 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.020
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(3):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 3 (2017) pp. 891-895 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.104
More informationIrrational use of antimicrobial agents often
Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Bacteria in 1 and Abdo-Rabbo A. 2 Irrational use of antimicrobial agents often leads to the multi-drug resistance microorganisms. This study is aimed at investigating
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ISOLATES OF NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
IJCRR Section: Healthcare Sci. Journal Impact Factor 4.016 Research Article BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ISOLATES OF NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA.
Research Article Medicinal Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH KARNATAKA. DR
More informationPrevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase Producers among Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Kurnool District, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 319-77 Volume Number (17) pp. 57-3 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/1.5/ijcmas.17..31
More informationAberdeen Hospital. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns For Commonly Isolated Organisms For 2015
Aberdeen Hospital Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns For Commonly Isolated s For 2015 Services Laboratory Microbiology Department Aberdeen Hospital Nova Scotia Health Authority 835 East River Road New
More informationDetection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran
Letter to the Editor Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran Mohammad Rahbar, PhD; Massoud Hajia, PhD
More informationRETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATES AMONG DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM A DIAGNOSTIC CENTER OF KANPUR
Original article RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATES AMONG DIFFERENT CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM A DIAGNOSTIC CENTER OF KANPUR R.Sujatha 1,Nidhi Pal 2, Deepak S 3 1. Professor & Head, Department
More informationEXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING
EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING CHN61: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING 1.1 Introduction A common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production
More informationGeNei TM. Antibiotic Sensitivity. Teaching Kit Manual KT Revision No.: Bangalore Genei, 2007 Bangalore Genei, 2007
GeNei Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT68 106333 Revision No.: 00180705 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 4 Materials Provided 5 Procedure
More informationAerobic Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pus Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hadoti Region
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2866-2873 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.605.326
More informationLab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method.
Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. OBJECTIVES 1. Compare the antimicrobial capabilities of different antibiotics. 2. Compare effectiveness of with different types of bacteria.
More informationEvaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals
J Vet Diagn Invest :164 168 (1998) Evaluation of a computerized antimicrobial susceptibility system with bacteria isolated from animals Susannah K. Hubert, Phouc Dinh Nguyen, Robert D. Walker Abstract.
More informationAerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune
Original article Aerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune Patil P, Joshi S, Bharadwaj R. Department of Microbiology, B.J. Medical College, Pune, India. Corresponding
More informationStudy of Microbiological Profile and their Antibiogram in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 981-985 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Study of Microbiological Profile
More informationOphthalmology Research: An International Journal 2(6): , 2014, Article no. OR SCIENCEDOMAIN international
Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 2(6): 378-383, 2014, Article no. OR.2014.6.012 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org The Etiology and Antibiogram of Bacterial Causes of Conjunctivitis
More informationRELIABLE AND REALISTIC APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY TESTING
RELIABLE AND REALISTIC APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY TESTING Pages with reference to book, From 94 To 97 S. Hafiz, N. Lyall, S. Punjwani, Shahida Q. Zaidi ( Department of Microbiology, The Aga Khan University
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS IN ADULTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH KERALA
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS IN ADULTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH KERALA Irene Jose Manjiyil 1, Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth 2, Rema Devi Santhakumari 3 1Assistant Professor,
More informationGram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia
Medical microbiology Laboratory Lab 8 Gram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia Lecturer Maysam A Mezher Gram positive cocci 1-Staphylococcus. 2-Streptococcus. 3-Micrococcus The medically important
More informationApproach to pediatric Antibiotics
Approach to pediatric Antibiotics Gassem Gohal FAAP FRCPC Assistant professor of Pediatrics objectives To be familiar with common pediatric antibiotics o Classification o Action o Adverse effect To discus
More informationESCMID Online Lecture Library. by author
Treatment of community-acquired meningitis including difficult to treat organisms like penicillinresistant pneumococci and guidelines (ID perspective) Stefan Zimmerli, MD Institute for Infectious Diseases
More informationCentral Nervous System Infections
Central Nervous System Infections Meningitis Treatment Bacterial meningitis is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY. ANTIBIOTICS SHOULD BE STARTED AS SOON AS THE POSSIBILITY OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS BECOMES EVIDENT, IDEALLY
More informationESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat
ESBL Producers An Increasing Problem: An Overview Of An Underrated Threat Hicham Ezzat Professor of Microbiology and Immunology Cairo University Introduction 1 Since the 1980s there have been dramatic
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali,
In the name of God Shiraz E-Medical Journal Vol. 11, No. 3, July 2010 http://semj.sums.ac.ir/vol11/jul2010/88030.htm Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Typhi From Kigali, Rwanda. Ashok
More informationA retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya
A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya LU Edirisinghe 1, D Vidanagama 2 1 Senior Registrar in Medicine, 2 Consultant Microbiologist,
More informationANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS*
Short Communication ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS* T.R.Pugazhenthi 1, A. Elango 2, C. Naresh Kumar 3, B. Dhanalakshmi 4 and A. Bharathidhasan
More informationBacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Wound Infections
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (215) 4(12): 248-254 ISSN: 2319-776 Volume 4 Number 12 (215) pp. 248-254 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity
More informationBACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT VISAKHAPATNAM, ANDHRA PRADESH
IJCRR Vol 05 issue 20 Section: Healthcare Category: Research Received on: 07/09/13 Revised on: 02/10/13 Accepted on: 24/10/13 BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT VISAKHAPATNAM,
More information2012 ANTIBIOGRAM. Central Zone Former DTHR Sites. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
2012 ANTIBIOGRAM Central Zone Former DTHR Sites Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medically Relevant Pathogens Based on Gram Morphology Gram-negative Bacilli Lactose Fermenters Non-lactose
More informationMili Rani Saha and Sanya Tahmina Jhora. Department of Microbiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative organisms: hospital prevalence and comparison of double disc synergy and E-test methods Mili Rani Saha and Sanya Tahmina Jhora Original
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESBL PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI ABSTRACT
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESBL PRODUCING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI * PRABHAKAR C MAILAPUR, DEEPA
More informationDrug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit
J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 160-164 Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit KIM BRIDGES AND E. J. L. LOWBURY From the MRC Industrial Injuries and Burns Unit, Birmingham
More informationBurn Infection & Laboratory Diagnosis
Burn Infection & Laboratory Diagnosis Introduction Burns are one the most common forms of trauma. 2 million fires each years 1.2 million people with burn injuries 100000 hospitalization 5000 patients die
More informationCUMULATIVE ANTIBIOGRAM
BC Children s Hospital and BC Women s Hospital & Health Centre CUMULATIVE ANTIBIOGRAM 2017 Division of Medical Microbiology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Page 1 of 5 GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
More informationFlorida Health Care Association District 2 January 13, 2015 A.C. Burke, MA, CIC
Florida Health Care Association District 2 January 13, 2015 A.C. Burke, MA, CIC 11/20/2014 1 To describe carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. To identify laboratory detection standards for carbapenem-resistant
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Evaluation of Microbiological Profile of Ear Discharge of Patients Attending Otorhinolaryngology
More informationCOURSE SYLLABUS. (Clinical Bacteriology-1
COURSE SYLLABUS (Clinical Bacteriology- MLAB-47) COURSE SYLLABUS Course title: Clinical Bacteriology- Code: MLAB-47 Credit hours: 4 (3 Theory+ Practical) Name of faculty member: Dr. Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla
More informationBACTERIOLOGICALL STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS ON MOBILES AND STETHOSCOPES USED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN EMERGENCY AND ICU S
Research Article Harika A,, 2013; Volume 2(3): 290-297 ISSN: 2277-8713 BACTERIOLOGICALL STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS ON MOBILES AND STETHOSCOPES USED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN EMERGENCY AND ICU S HARIKAA A,
More informationEvaluation of antimicrobial activity of Salmonella species from various antibiotic
ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 3 Number 8 (August-2015) pp. 51-55 www.ijcrar.com Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Salmonella species from various antibiotic Shashi P. Jambhulkar 1 * and Arun B. Ingle 2
More informationAntimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms
Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategy: Antibiograms A summary of the cumulative susceptibility of bacterial isolates to formulary antibiotics in a given institution or region. Its main functions are to guide
More informationAntibiotic sensitivity pattern of common bacterial pathogens in NICU and neonatal ward in Hamedan province of Iran
Vol.2, No.6, 625-629 (21) doi:1.4236/health.21.2694 Health sensitivity pattern of common bacterial pathogens in NICU and neonatal ward in Hamedan province of Iran Alireza Monsef 1, Fatemeh Eghbalian 2
More informationChildrens Hospital Antibiogram for 2012 (Based on data from 2011)
Childrens Hospital Antibiogram for 2012 (Based on data from 2011) Prepared by: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences Centre For further information contact: Andrew Walkty, MD, FRCPC Medical
More informationConcise Antibiogram Toolkit Background
Background This toolkit is designed to guide nursing homes in creating their own antibiograms, an important tool for guiding empiric antimicrobial therapy. Information about antibiograms and instructions
More informationAcinetobacter species-associated infections and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Malaysia.
Biomedical Research 12; 23 (4): 571-575 ISSN 97-938X Scientific Publishers of India Acinetobacter species-associated infections and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles in Malaysia. Nazmul MHM, Jamal
More informationAntibiotic Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Canine Urinary Tract Infections
Vol.1 No.2 Oct-Dec 2013 ISSN : 2321-6387 Antibiotic Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Canine Urinary Tract Infections S. Yogeshpriya*, Usha N.Pillai, S. Ajithkumar and N. Madhavan Unny Department
More informationBacteriological Study of Acute Otitis Externa in a Tertiary Care Hospital of a District in North Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 981-985 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.119
More informationMulti-Drug Resistant Gram Negative Organisms POLICY REVIEW DATE EXTENDED Printed copies must not be considered the definitive version
Multi-Drug Resistant Gram Negative Organisms POLICY REVIEW DATE EXTENDED 2018 Printed copies must not be considered the definitive version DOCUMENT CONTROL POLICY NO. IC-122 Policy Group Infection Control
More informationAntimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Advanced Course Cascade Reporting Cascade Reporting I. Selecting Antimicrobial Agents for Testing and Reporting Selection of the most appropriate antimicrobials to
More informationAntibiotic Update 2.0, 2017
Case Study 3: My patient has positive blood culture, should I start antibiotic STAT? Ooi Mong How Antibiotic Update 2.0 2017 11-12 March 2017 Sarawak General Hospital A 3-day-old male infant Full term,
More informationCourse: Microbiology in Health and Disease
SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 SECTION D SPRING 2012 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease BIPIN PATEL Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment Semester Begins JANUARY 09 TO MAY 04 2012 2900 D 4.00
More informationCourse: Microbiology in Health and Disease Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment
SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 SECTIONS C AND D Spring, 2011 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment Semester Begins on January 10, 2011 and ends on May 2,
More informationBacteriological profile of blood stream infections at a Rural tertiary care teaching hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh
Original article: Bacteriological profile of blood stream infections at a Rural tertiary care teaching hospital of Western Uttar Pradesh Vijay Prakash Singh a, Abhishek Mehta b* a,bdepartment of Microbiology,
More informationBacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from a Teaching Hospital, Bengaluru, India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 11 (2015) pp. 731-736 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Bacterial Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from a Teaching
More informationResearch Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Diagnostic Utility of Latex Agglutination Test and Antibiogram Of Isolates Causing Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Pediatric Age Group.
More information2015 Antibiogram. Red Deer Regional Hospital. Central Zone. Alberta Health Services
2015 Antibiogram Red Deer Regional Hospital Central Zone Alberta Health Services Introduction. This antibiogram is a cumulative report of the antimicrobial susceptibility rates of common microbial pathogens
More informationAntibiotic Therapy in Pyogenic Meningitis in Paediatric Patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antibiotic Therapy in Pyogenic Meningitis in Paediatric Patients Fauzia Tajdin 1, Muhammad Adil Rasheed 1, Muhammad Ashraf 1, Huma Rasheed 2, Hasan Ejaz 3 and Ghulam Jilany Khan 1 ABSTRACT
More informationUnderstanding the Hospital Antibiogram
Understanding the Hospital Antibiogram Sharon Erdman, PharmD Clinical Professor Purdue University College of Pharmacy Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist Eskenazi Health 5 Understanding the Hospital
More informationGeneral Approach to Infectious Diseases
General Approach to Infectious Diseases 2 The pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases is unique. To treat most diseases with drugs, we give drugs that have some desired pharmacologic action at some receptor
More informationAppropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean?
Appropriate antimicrobial therapy in HAP: What does this mean? Jaehee Lee, M.D. Kyungpook National University Hospital, Korea KNUH since 1907 Presentation outline Empiric antimicrobial choice: right spectrum,
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences. Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 9 Outline Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How
More informationGuidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System
Guidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System Purpose The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), passed in 1988, establishes quality standards for all laboratory
More informationn Am I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECH n 0 LOGY
n Am I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECH n 0 LOGY FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES QUALIFICATION CODE: SOBBMS LEVEL:
More informationComparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab* and disc methods
J Clin Pathol 1984;37:159-165 Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility results obtained with Adatab* and disc methods JJS SNELL, MVS DANVERS, PS GARDNER From the Division of Microbiological Reagents and
More informationQuality Control Testing with the Disk Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bauer-Kirby-Sherris-Turck
Quality Control Testing with the Disk Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bauer-Kirby-Sherris-Turck DONNA J. BLAZEVIC, M.P.H., MARILYN H. KOEPCKE, B.S., A JOHN M. MATSEN, M.D. Departments of Laboratory Medicine
More informationAntibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Vibrio cholerae Causing Diarrohea Outbreaks in Bidar, North Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 957-961 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
More informationCan we trust the Xpert?
Can we trust the Xpert? An evaluation of the Xpert MRSA/SA BC System and an assessment of potential clinical impact Dr Kessendri Reddy Division of Medical Microbiology, NHLS Tygerberg Fakulteit Geneeskunde
More informationIsolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated at a tertiary care centre
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 10 (2015) pp. 951-955 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Isolation, identification and antimicrobial
More informationESBL Producing Gram Negative Bacteria-A Cause of Concern in Neonatal Septicemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 10 (2016) pp. 807-813 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.510.087
More informationEmpiric Treatment of Sepsis. Professor of Clinical Microbiology Department of Microbiology Leicester University U. K.
VOL. 38 NO. 8 CHEMO THERAPY Empiric Treatment of Sepsis Emmerson A M Professor of Clinical Microbiology Department of Microbiology Leicester University U. K. Empiric Treatment of Sepsis The treatment of
More informationKey words: Urinary tract infection, Antibiotic resistance, E.coli.
Original article MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF URINE ISOLATES IN OUT PATIENTS AND ITS RESISTANCE PATTERN AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KANPUR. R.Sujatha 1,Deepak S 2, Nidhi P 3, Vaishali S 2, Dilshad K 2 1.
More informationBIOL 2900 D 4.00 Microbiology in Health/Disease
SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 - D Spring, 2017 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Instructor: Prafull C. Shah Office Hours: Before or after classes, or by appointment by Email to pcshah@valdosta.edu. Semester
More informationBacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens. John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota
Bacterial Resistance of Respiratory Pathogens John C. Rotschafer, Pharm.D. University of Minnesota Antibiotic Misuse ~150 million courses of antibiotic prescribed by office based prescribers Estimated
More informationCipro for gram positive cocci in urine
Buscar... Cipro for gram positive cocci in urine 20-6-2017 Pneumonia can be generally defined as an infection of the lung parenchyma, in which consolidation of the affected part and a filling of the alveolar
More informationMercy Medical Center Des Moines, Iowa Department of Pathology. Microbiology Department Antibiotic Susceptibility January December 2016
Mercy Medical Center Des Moines, Iowa Department of Pathology Microbiology Department Antibiotic Susceptibility January December 2016 These statistics are intended solely as a GUIDE to choosing appropriate
More informationAntimicrobial resistance at different levels of health-care services in Nepal
Antimicrobial resistance at different levels of health-care services in Nepal K K Kafle* and BM Pokhrel** Abstract Infectious diseases are major health problems in Nepal. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
More informationGENERAL NOTES: 2016 site of infection type of organism location of the patient
GENERAL NOTES: This is a summary of the antibiotic sensitivity profile of clinical isolates recovered at AIIMS Bhopal Hospital during the year 2016. However, for organisms in which < 30 isolates were recovered
More informationCONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology
VOLUME XXIII NUMBER 1 July 2008 CONTAGIOUS COMMENTS Department of Epidemiology Bugs and Drugs Elaine Dowell, SM (ASCP), Marti Roe SM (ASCP), Ann-Christine Nyquist MD, MSPH Are the bugs winning? The 2007
More informationDetection of ESBL Producing Gram Negative Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern from a Tertiary Care Centre, Bengaluru, India
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 12 (2015) pp. 578-583 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Detection of ESBL Producing Gram Negative Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern from
More information2017 Antibiogram. Central Zone. Alberta Health Services. including. Red Deer Regional Hospital. St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose
2017 Antibiogram Central Zone Alberta Health Services including Red Deer Regional Hospital St. Mary s Hospital, Camrose Introduction This antibiogram is a cumulative report of the antimicrobial susceptibility
More informationSuggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Suggestions for appropriate agents to include in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing These suggestions are intended to indicate minimum sets of agents to test routinely in a diagnostic laboratory
More informationProtein Synthesis Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali 11 Nov 2018 Lec 7 Aminoglycosides Are structurally related two amino sugars attached by glycosidic linkages. They are bactericidal Inhibitors
More informationOriginal Articles. K A M S W Gunarathne 1, M Akbar 2, K Karunarathne 3, JRS de Silva 4. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2011; 40(4):
Original Articles Analysis of blood/tracheal culture results to assess common pathogens and pattern of antibiotic resistance at medical intensive care unit, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children K A M S
More informationOccurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Original Article Vol. 21 No. 2 ESBL producers among blood culture isolates:- Kapoor L, Deb M. 53 Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Among Blood Culture Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Lata
More informationAppropriate Management of Common Pediatric Infections. Blaise L. Congeni M.D. Akron Children s Hospital Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Appropriate Management of Common Pediatric Infections Blaise L. Congeni M.D. Akron Children s Hospital Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases It s all about the microorganism The common pathogens Viruses
More informationINTERPRETATIVE READING. Tan Thean Yen
PV DG an hean Yen o nterpret in ter pret explain the meaning of (information, words, or actions) o nterpret analyse susceptibility results based: organism identification all antibiotic results (pattern)
More informationHimani B. Pandya, Ph.D (medical microbiology) Tutor, S.B.K.S Medical College and Research Institute Gujarat, INDIA
Prevalence and Microbiological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and it s antibiotic resistance pattern in the patients suffering from Acid-peptic Diseases Himani B. Pandya, Ph.D (medical microbiology)
More informationEvaluation of Bacterial Contamination of Old and New Indian Paper Currency Notes
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination of Old and New Indian Paper Currency Notes Dilip S. Gedam 1, Ashwini S. Pisey 2, Poonam Chandrakant Sayare 3, Nitin A. Ambhore 4, Rajesh P Karyakarte
More informationTest Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Test Method Modified Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants
Study Title Antibacterial Activity and Efficacy of E-Mist Innovations' Electrostatic Sprayer Product with Multiple Disinfectants Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Method 961.02 Modified
More informationIsolation of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Study of their Drug Susceptibility Patterns
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 4 (2016) pp. 897-903 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.101
More informationIsolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil of Kathmandu valley and assessment of their antimicrobial activities
International Journal of Microbiology and Allied Sciences (IJOMAS) ISSN: 2382-5537 May 2016, 2(4):22-26 IJOMAS, 2016 Research Article Page: 22-26 Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil
More informationHelp with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST. Media BSAC EUCAST
Help with moving disc diffusion methods from BSAC to EUCAST This document sets out the main differences between the BSAC and EUCAST disc diffusion methods with specific emphasis on preparation prior to
More informationOriginal Article. Hossein Khalili a*, Rasool Soltani b, Sorrosh Negahban c, Alireza Abdollahi d and Keirollah Gholami e.
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (22), (2): 559-563 Received: January 2 Accepted: June 2 Copyright 22 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
More informationA 4-year Study of Neonatal Meningitis: Clinical and Microbiological Findings
M. ADHIKARI ET AI_ A 4-year Study of Neonatal Meningitis: Clinical and Microbiological Findings by M. Adhikari, MB, ChB, FCP (Paed) (SA), MD, Y. M. Coovadia, MB, ChB, FF, Path (Micro), and D. Singh Department
More informationEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Routine and extended internal quality control as recommended by EUCAST Version 5.0, valid from 015-01-09 This document should be cited as "The
More informationAntibiotic. Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting
Antibiotic Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting Any substance of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(11):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 2293-2299 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.272
More informationAntimicrobial Chemotherapy
2016 edition by Claudine El-Beyrouty, PharmD, BCPS Department of Pharmacy Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Brian Roslund, PharmD, BCPS, AQ-ID Department of Pharmacy Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
More information