GREECE TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS

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1 GREECE The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC TRENDS AND SOURCES OF ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS IN HUMANS, FOODSTUFFS, ANIMALS AND FEEDINGSTUFFS including information on foodborne outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic agents and some pathogenic microbiological agents. IN 2011

2 INFORMATION ON THE REPORTING AND MONITORING SYSTEM Country: Greece Reporting Year: 2011 Greece

3 PREFACE This report is submitted to the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Council Directive 2003/99/ EC*. The information has also been forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The report contains information on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in Greece during the year The information covers the occurrence of these diseases and agents in humans, animals, foodstuffs and in some cases also in feedingstuffs. In addition the report includes data on antimicrobial resistance in some zoonotic agents and commensal bacteria as well as information on epidemiological investigations of foodborne outbreaks. Complementary data on susceptible animal populations in the country is also given. The information given covers both zoonoses that are important for the public health in the whole European Community as well as zoonoses, which are relevant on the basis of the national epidemiological situation. The report describes the monitoring systems in place and the prevention and control strategies applied in the country. For some zoonoses this monitoring is based on legal requirements laid down by the Community Legislation, while for the other zoonoses national approaches are applied. The report presents the results of the examinations carried out in the reporting year. A national evaluation of the epidemiological situation, with special reference to trends and sources of zoonotic infections, is given. Whenever possible, the relevance of findings in foodstuffs and animals to zoonoses cases in humans is evaluated. The information covered by this report is used in the annual Community Summary Report on zoonoses that is published each year by EFSA. * Directive 2003/ 99/ EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2003 on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents, amending Decision 90/ 424/ EEC and repealing Council Directive 92/ 117/ EEC, OJ L 325, , p. 31 Greece

4 List of Contents 1 ANIMAL POPULATIONS 1 2 INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS SALMONELLOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Salmonellosis in humans Salmonella in foodstuffs Salmonella in animals Salmonella in feedingstuffs Salmonella serovars and phagetype distribution Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Campylobacteriosis in humans Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates LISTERIOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Listeriosis in humans Listeria in foodstuffs Listeria in animals E. COLI INFECTIONS General evaluation of the national situation E. coli infections in humans TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES General evaluation of the national situation Tuberculosis, mycobacterial diseases in humans Mycobacterium in animals BRUCELLOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Brucellosis in humans Brucella in animals YERSINIOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Yersiniosis in humans TRICHINELLOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Trichinellosis in humans Trichinella in animals ECHINOCOCCOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Echinococcosis in humans 118 Greece

5 2.9.3 Echinococcus in animals TOXOPLASMOSIS General evaluation of the national situation Toxoplasmosis in humans RABIES General evaluation of the national situation Lyssavirus (rabies) in animals STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION General evaluation of the national situation Q-FEVER General evaluation of the national situation Coxiella (Q-fever) in animals INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC INDICATORS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ESCHERICHIA COLI, NON-PATHOGENIC General evaluation of the national situation Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, non-pathogenic ENTEROCOCCUS, NON-PATHOGENIC General evaluation of the national situation Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus, non-pathogenic isolates INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MICROBIOLOGICAL AGENTS ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII General evaluation of the national situation HISTAMINE General evaluation of the national situation STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXINS General evaluation of the national situation FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS 145

6 1. ANIMAL POPULATIONS The relevance of the findings on zoonoses and zoonotic agents has to be related to the size and nature of the animal population in the country. Greece

7 A. Information on susceptible animal population Sources of information SUSCEPTIBLE ANIMAL POPULATION: (please advise the relevant electronic summary tables on EFSA Web based zoonoses monitoring system for 2011 Data Collection. ) Source of information: Internal Data Base computerized system of Hellenic Ministry of Agriculture (update 2011). These statistics may vary from other national or E.U. sources of animal population records. Greece

8 Table Susceptible animal populations Cattle (bovine animals) Deer meat production animals dairy cows and heifers mixed herds - in total farmed - in total Ducks - in total parent breeding flocks for egg production line Number of herds or flocks * Only if different than current reporting year Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Gallus gallus (fowl) parent breeding flocks for meat production line parent breeding flocks, unspecified - in total laying hens broilers Geese - in total Goats animals under 1 year

9 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* animals over 1 year Goats mixed herds in total breeding animals Pigs fattening pigs in total animals under 1 year (lambs) animals over 1 year Sheep mixed herds in total Solipeds, domestic horses - in total Turkeys meat production flocks parent breeding flocks Wild boars farmed - in total

10 Table Susceptible animal populations Number of herds or flocks Number of slaughtered animals Livestock numbers (live animals) Number of holdings Animal species Category of animals Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Data Year* Birds Cats Chinchillas Dogs pet animals - at AI station - Surveillance pet animals farmed pet animals Fish - unspecified Minks Ostriches Other animals farmed farmed - at AI station - Surveillance - unspecified (rabbits) unspecified Footnote: 1.From 360 parent breeding flocks Gallus gallus 267 are for meat production line, 92 for egg production line and 1 flock is for mix production. 2. The number of slaughtered goats and sheeps indicated in the table is a part ( about 70%) of the total number of slaugtered animals because of lack of data. 5

11 2. INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC ZOONOSES AND ZOONOTIC AGENTS Zoonoses are diseases or infections, which are naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Foodstuffs serve often as vehicles of zoonotic infections. Zoonotic agents cover viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or other biological entities that are likely to cause zoonoses. Greece

12 2.1 SALMONELLOSIS General evaluation of the national situation A. General evaluation History of the disease and/or infection in the country DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella spp. Contaminated materials: Feed materials of animal origin, plant origin and Compound feedingstuffs Surveillance system The legal provisions in place and relevant requirements (Zoonoses Directive 2003 and Zoonoses Regulation 2160) had significantly improved the effectiveness of the existing monitoring situation and management practices in the field of Salmonella surveillance. New strategies and schemes for monitoring Salmonella zoonotic agents are in force in accordance with Community Salmonella reduction targets approved. Rapid adaptation and compliance on the new mandatory EU Salmonella control and eradication programmes were observed in all EU member states. Measures in case of positiive findings According to the current EU Directives and Community Legislation. In 2010, five (5) Salmonella positive units (from fish meal) were reported from 212 units tested in total under selective and routine monitoring schemes. In 2009, no Salmonella positive units were reported from 232 samples tested in total under selective and routine monitoring schemes. The method ISO 6579 (2002) is used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars. National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella Serovars INFECTED SPECIES: Poultry breeding flocks- Callus gallus Susceptible population Parent breeding stock for egg and meat production line is estimated around birds of 355 breeding flocks (2010 national zoonoses statistics). Surveillance system From the past (Historical data), according to the Annex III of the Dir. 92/117, a Salmonella control program has been carried out since In 2009, the Salmonella national control programme in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus has been implemented and approved (co- financed) by European Commission. The programme was supervised by the Hellenic central veterinary competent authorities and was in line with the uniform EU guidelines and rules approved by the Commission. The results were collected, analyzed and evaluated by the Commission, EFSA and Member States in accordance with the Community pre- Greece

13 defined targets towards the reduction of Salmonella prevalence in Breeding flocks of Gallus gallus ( fowl). Method used: The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars. The Salmonella serotyping was conducted in the National Reference Veterinary Laboratory (NRVLS) for Salmonellosis in animals (located in Chalkida Prefecture of Evia) by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur). Measures in case of positive findings Slaughter of infected flocks, restrictions of placing hatching eggs to the hatchery for as long as the disease exists and all the relevant control measures were taken based on EU Legislation and requirements in force. Epidemiological and statistical report The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year 2010 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S. Enteritidis (n= 5),S. Derby (n= 2 ), S.enterica sub salamae (n=1), S. Livingstone(n= 1 ), S. Hadar (n= 2 ), S. Tennessee ( n=2 ), S. Anatum (n=1 ) and S. Anatum ( n=1 ). The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year 2009 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S. Enteritidis (n= 5), S. Typhimurium (n= 1), S. Blockley (n= 1), S. Livingstone(n= 6), S. Hadar (n= 13), S.Enterica (n= 1), S. Umbilo (n= 1), S.enterica sub enterica 6,7:d unspecified (n= 1). Note: n = number of positive flocks DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellοsis / Salmonella serovars INFECTED SPECIES: Laying Hens and Broilers of Gallus, gallus (fowl) Surveillance system In 2010, Salmonella control and eradication EU- programmes in Laying hens and broilers have been implemented in the country based on suspected and objective samples submitted into the laboratories under the official investigation in Under the framework of the programme industry was carried out as well. Method used The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars in Laying hens and other poultry. The Salmonella serotyping was performed by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur). Fifty two (52) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the national control programme for Laying hens during the year The most 5 frequent Salmonella reported serovars in Layin hens at production stage is presented below: 1.S.Enteritidis ( n= 6) Greece

14 2.S. Typhimurium ( n= 4) 3.S.Infantis ( n= 9) 4.S. Branderup ( n= 6) 5.S.Corvallis ( n = 7) The remaining Serovars from positive laying flocks can be analytically retrieved by the Web Reporting System Forty one (41) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the national control programme for Laying hens during the year Distribution for the most 6 frequent Salmonella serovars in Layin hens production stage is given below: 1. S.Enteritidis ( n= 8) 2. S. Typhimurium ( n= 3) 3. S.Corvalis ( n = 4) 4. S.Newport ( n=3) 5. S. Heidelberg (n= 2) 6. S.Branderup ( n = 2) Note: n = number of Salmonella positive flocks Twenty eight (28) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the national control programme for Broilers during the year Distribution for the most 5 frequent Salmonella serovars in Broilers production perios is given below: 1.S. Hadar ( n= 5) 2.S. Thompson (n=5) 3. S. Tennesse ( n= 3) 4.S.Infantis ( n= 2) 5.S. Bredeney (n=2) DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis/ Salmonella serovars INFECTED SPECIES: In other poultry ( or other birds ) and other Animals (non poultry) Surveillance system No specific and systematic monitoring control program in place Data are based on clinical samples submitted to the laboratories. Method used The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars in other animals. The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur) In 2010, the reported Salmonella serovars derived from 92 tested units (poultry and other animals ) were: S. Typhimurium ( n= 7) and Salmonella spp unspecified (n= 6). Greece

15 Recent actions taken to control the zoonoses EU LEGISLATION FOR CONTROL SALMONELLA PROGRAMMES IN POYLTRY ZOONOSES DIRECTIVE HYGIENE PACKAGE Additional information DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonella/ Salmonella serovars TARGET OF MONITORING: Contaminated Food Surveillance system Routine examination and selective official at retail level, processing plan and slaughterhouse carried out based on National and Community legislation. Method used The ISO 6579 (2002) is used for the detection of Salmonella in food. The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur) Summary National Report ( Reporting Year: 2011). and selective Routine monitoring 1. Broiler meat and products thereof (all categories) Samples tested: 315 Samples positive: 8 Reported serovars : S. Enteritidis (n=1), S.Montevideo (n=1), S. Hadar (n=4) and S. spp unspecified (n=1) 2. Pig meat and products thereof (all categories) Samples tested: 356 Samples positive: 7 Reported serovars : S. Derby ( n=2), S. Umbilo (n=5). 3. Bovine meat and products thereof (all categories) Samples tested: 100 Samples positive: 0 4. Meat from other animals and products thereof (all categories) Samples tested: 1 Samples positive: 0 5. Milk and milk products ( all categories) Samples tested: 418 Samples positive: 0 6. Eggs and egg products( all categories) Samples tested: 10 Samples positive: 0 Greece

16 7. Fish and fish products (all categories) Samples tested: 53 Samples positive: 0 8. Other Food ( all categories) Samples tested: 28 Samples positive: Overall Salmonella reported Food Prevalence (for all food categories) = 3,17 % ( 75/2367*100) Greece

17 2.1.2 Salmonellosis in humans A. Salmonellosis in humans Relevance as zoonotic disease DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonella AFFECTED SPECIES: Humans Surveillance system Mandatory reporting of foodborne infections and intoxications with laboratory confirmation. Hospitalized cases are the main reporting source for further epidemiological investigation. Notification is required within 24 hours after the identification of a case. Epidemiological history and evaluation Results of the 2006 zoonoses monitoring period. A total of 984 human Salmonellosis cases were reported to the competent authorities (incidence per persons = 9). The reported cases were classified as autochone (n=749), Imported (n=131) and unknown (n=104) cases respectively. The 2006 annual incidence rate reported significantly lower compared to 2004 for Salmonellosis in humans. History In 2004, 1493 ( incidence: 13,70 per inhabitants) cases of salmonella were reported including the species : S. enteritidis (309), S.typhimurium (20), S. Adaustua (2), S. Anatum (1), S.enteritica- arizonae (29), S. blockley (1), S. infantis (1), S. paratyphi (2), S.Typhi (6) and the remaining Salmonella spp. ( 1121). Historically, the officially reported Salmonella cases in humans the reporting years 1998, 1999 and 2000 were 918, 221 and 206 respectively. For the year 2001, 284 human cases were reported. Human Salmonellosis cases in 2004 caused by S. Enteritidis, S, Typhimurium and other Salmonella serotypes were 1493 in total compared to 837 (2003) and 460 (2002) in previous years. According to these data an increase of Salmonella cases has been observed during 2004 in man, but in order to epidemiologically evaluate the real trends of Salmonella incidence, we must have in mind the significant underreporting practice which leads to underestimate figures providing non representative salmonella statistics. Moreover it is important to emphasize that the factor underlined above (underestimation) is considered constant for each reporting year. Results of monitoring Human Salmonella Data are presented in the relevant tables of the EFSA web based electronic system for zoonoses monitoring. Source of human infection Mainly from the consumption of infected, contaminated and croos- contaminated food and poultry meat and products there of. Greece

18 Additional information In 2005, all Salmonella serovars derived from the Antimicrobial Resistance monitoring system are presented in the following summary list with the number of all Salmonella isolates that were serotyped. List of isolates by serotype Salmonella serovarsnumber of isolates Salmonella Enteritidis 732 Salmonella Typhimurium 120 Salmonella Oranienburg 24 Salmonella Blockley 17 Salmonella enterica ss. salamae 15 Salmonella Kottbus 13 Salmonella Bovismorbificans 9 Salmonella Typhi 9 Salmonella Bredeney 7 Salmonella Agona 5 Salmonella Muenchen 5 Salmonella Muenster 5 Salmonella Thompson 5 Salmonella Virchow 4 Salmonella Derby 3 Salmonella Infantis 3 Salmonella Kedougou 3 Salmonella Mbandaka 3 Salmonella Newport 3 Salmonella Paratyphi B 3 Salmonella enterica ss. diarizonae 2 Salmonella Hadar 2 Salmonella Anatum 1 Salmonella Bareilly 1 Salmonella Brandenburg 1 Salmonella Cerro 1 Salmonella enterica ss. houtenae 1 Salmonella Goldcoast 1 Salmonella Kentucky 1 Salmonella Litchfield 1 Salmonella Lomita 1 Salmonella Montevideo 1 Salmonella Paratyphi A 1 Salmonella Poona 1 Salmonella Rissen 1 Salmonella Tennessee 1 All 1006 Greece

19 2.1.3 Salmonella in foodstuffs Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Source of information NVL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece Sampling strategy Objective Objective Unspecified Objective Objective Sampler and industry and industry Sample type Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Single 25 gr 10 0 food sample Single 25 gr food sample Single 25 gr 30 0 food sample Single 25 gr food sample Single 25 gr 5 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to -eat - at retail - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective food sample Single 25 gr 3 0 Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance (survey) Unspecified Not applicable animal sample Single 25 gr

20 Table Salmonella in poultry meat and products thereof Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - carcase - at slaughterhouse - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - cooked, ready-to-eat - at retail - Surveillance Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from turkey - meat products - cooked, ready-to -eat - at retail - Surveillance Salmonella spp., unspecified Other serovars S. Hadar Meat from broilers (Gallus gallus) - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance (survey) 15

21 Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Milk, cows' - raw milk - intended for direct human consumption - at farm - Surveillance Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended for manufacture of raw or low heat-treated products - at processing plant - Surveillance Milk, sheep's - raw milk for manufacture - intended for manufacture of raw or low heat-treated products - at processing plant - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - butter - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - cream - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Source of information NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Sampling strategy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Sampler Sample type food sample > milk food sample > milk food sample > milk Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Single 14 0 Single 8 0 Single 7 0 food sample Single 25 gr 5 0 food sample Single 25 gr 3 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at retail - Monitoring NVL Unspecified food sample Single 25 gr 1 0 Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Monitoring NVL Unspecified food sample Single 25 GR 49 0 Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Monitoring NVL Unspecified food sample Single 25 gr Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - dairy desserts - at retail - Monitoring 1) NVL-Greece Unspecified food sample Single 25 gr

22 Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream - made from pasteurised milk - at retail - Monitoring Dairy products, unspecified - at retail - Monitoring Infant formula - liquid - intended for infants below 6 months Milk, cows' - raw milk - intended for direct human consumption - at farm - Surveillance Milk, cows' - raw milk for manufacture - intended for manufacture of raw or low heat-treated products - at processing plant - Surveillance 2) Source of information NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampling strategy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Sampler Sample type food sample Single 25 gr 8 0 food sample Single 25 gr 10 0 food sample > milk Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Single 25 gr 5 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Milk, sheep's - raw milk for manufacture - intended for manufacture of raw or low heat-treated products - at processing plant - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - butter - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - cream - made from raw or low heat-treated milk - at retail - Surveillance 17

23 Table Salmonella in milk and dairy products Cheeses made from goats' milk - soft and semi-soft - made from pasteurised milk - at retail - Monitoring Cheeses made from sheep's milk - hard - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Monitoring Cheeses made from sheep's milk - soft and semisoft - made from pasteurised milk - at processing plant - Monitoring Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - dairy desserts - at retail - Monitoring Dairy products (excluding cheeses) - ice-cream - made from pasteurised milk - at retail - Monitoring Dairy products, unspecified - at retail - Monitoring 1) 2) Salmonella spp., unspecified Infant formula - liquid - intended for infants below 6 months Comments: 1) 2) yoghurt rise putting 18

24 Table Salmonella in other food Eggs - table eggs - at retail - Surveillance Egg products - at processing plant - Surveillance Molluscan shellfish - raw - at retail - Surveillance Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at retail - Surveillance - at farm - Monitoring Bakery products - at retail - Monitoring Fish - raw - at border control - Monitoring 1) 2) Source of information NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampling strategy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified null Sampler Sample type animal sample > eggs Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Single 25 gr 9 0 food sample Batch 25 gr 1 0 food sample Single 25 gr 2 0 food sample Single 25 gr 45 0 Single 7 0 food sample Single 25 gr 13 0 Single 25 gr 6 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Eggs - table eggs - at retail - Surveillance Egg products - at processing plant - Surveillance Molluscan shellfish - raw - at retail - Surveillance Live bivalve molluscs - unspecified - at retail - Surveillance - at farm - Monitoring 1) Bakery products - at retail - Monitoring 2) 19

25 Table Salmonella in other food Fish - raw - at border control - Monitoring Comments: 1) 2) snails different kind of pies Salmonella spp., unspecified null 20

26 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from pig - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant - Surveillance Source of information NRL-Greece NRL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Sampling strategy Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Objective Sampler Sample type Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Single 25 gr food sample Single 10 gr 25 0 food sample Single 10 gr 35 0 food sample Single 10 gr 75 2 food sample Single 10 gr 5 0 food sample Single 10 gr 10 0 food sample Single 25 gr 65 5 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Meat from bovine animals - fresh - at retail - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective food sample Single 25 gr 35 0 Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective food sample Single 10 gr 30 0 Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective food sample Single 10 gr 25 0 Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance NVL-Greece Objective food sample Single 10 gr

27 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from bovine animals - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals and pig - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance 1) Source of information NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Salmonella spp., unspecified Sampling strategy Objective Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified S. Derby Sampler Sample type Sample Origin Sampling unit Sample weight Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella food sample Single 10 gr 5 0 food sample Single 10 gr 1 0 food sample Single 10 gr 45 2 food sample Single 25 gr 5 0 food sample Single 10 gr 1 0 food sample Single 25 gr 5 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Meat from pig - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance 2 22

28 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - fresh - at retail - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - minced meat - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Salmonella spp., unspecified 5 S. Derby Meat from bovine animals - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance Meat from bovine animals and pig - at retail - Surveillance 1) Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at processing plant - Surveillance 2 Meat from pig - meat preparation - intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance 23

29 Table Salmonella in red meat and products thereof Meat from pig - meat products - cooked, ready-toeat - at retail - Surveillance Meat from pig - meat products - raw but intended to be eaten cooked - at retail - Surveillance Comments: 1) Footnote: minced meat Salmonella spp., unspecified S. Derby 5 positive salmonella samples in food category "pig meat - meat products-cooked -ready to eat at processing plant " are S. Umbilo 24

30 2.1.4 Salmonella in animals A. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - breeding flocks Measures in case of the positive findings or single cases Breeding flocks (separate elite, grand parent and parent flocks when necessary) Measures in case of positive findings: Slaughter of infected flocks, restrictions of placing hatching eggs to the hatchery for as long as the disease exists and all the relevant control measures were taken based on EU Legislation and requirements in force. Notification system in place DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis, Salmonella Serovars INFECTED SPECIES: Poultry breeding flocks- Callus gallus Susceptible population Parent breeding stock for egg and meat production line is estimated around birds / 360 breeding flocks (2011 national zoonoses statistics) raised in 90 holdings. Surveillance system From the past (Historical data), according to the Annex III of the Dir. 92/117, a Salmonella control program has been carried out since In 2009, the Salmonella national control programme in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus has been implemented and approved (co- financed) by European Commission. The programme was supervised by the Hellenic central veterinary competent authorities and was in line with the uniform EU guidelines and rules approved by the Commission. The results were collected, analyzed and evaluated by the Commission, EFSA and Member States in accordance with the Community predefined targets towards the reduction of Salmonella prevalence in Breeding flocks of Gallus gallus ( fowl). Method used: The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars. The Salmonella serotyping was conducted in the National Reference Veterinary Laboratory (NRVLS) for Salmonellosis in animals (located in Chalkida Prefecture of Evia) by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur). Results of the investigation Epidemiological and statistical report The reported Salmonella Serovars from adult poultry breeders, isolated and identified during the year 2011 by the National Reference Laboratory were: S.Bispebjerg (n=1), S.Kentack (n=1), S.Havana (n=3), S.Muenster (n=1), S.Enterica (n=1), S.Infantis (n=2). Note: n = number of positive flocks Greece

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32 B. Salmonella spp. in Gallus Gallus - flocks of laying hens Notification system in place Surveillance system In 2009, Salmonella control EU- programmes in Laying hens and broilers have been implemented in the country based on suspected and objective samples submitted into the laboratories under the official investigation in Method used The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars in Laying hens and other poultry. The Salmonella serotyping was performed by using the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur). Results of the investigation Twenty three (23) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the national control programme for Laying hens during the year Distribution for the Salmonella serovars in Layin hens production stage is given below: S.Muenster (n=1), S. Haardt (n=1), S. Bovismorbifigans (n=1), S.Virchow (n=1), S.Enteritidis (n=3), S. Thompson (n=3), S. Infantis (n=1), S. Umbilo (n=1), S.Havana (n=1),.s.hadar (n=1), S.Muenchen (n=1), S.Carno (n=1),.s.mbandaka (n=1), S.Enterika untypable (n=1), S.Newport (n=1), S.Bovismorbificans (n=1) S.Glostrup (n=1), S.enterica salamae (n=2), S.Stanleyville (n=1) Note: n = number of Salmonella positive flocks Thirty two (32) Salmonella positive flocks isolated, serotyped and reported by the National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Greece (NRLS, Located in Chalkida, Evia prefecture) under the national control programme for Broilers during the year Distribution for the Salmonella serovars in Broilers production perios is given bellow: S.Typhymurium (n=2), S.Havana (n=1), S.Montevideo (n=1),s.anatum (n=1) S.Livingstone (n=4), S.enteritidis (n=10), S.Senftenberg (n=1) S.Infantis (n=1), S.Thompson (n=2), S.Bredeney (n=1), S.Corvalis (n=1),s.instanbul (n=1),s.muenster (n=1),s.tennessee (n=1),s.enterica subsp. salamae 4,12:i:- (untypable) (n=2) Note: n = number of positive flocks Greece

33 C. Salmonella spp. in bovine animals National evaluation of the recent situation, the trends and sources of infection Epidemiological history In the year 2007 the reported salmonella serovars were associated with the results from an EU Pig baseline study. The study was carried out in order to identify the real and observed Salmonella prevalence in pigs in line with Community Legislation and relevant targets to reduce the prevalence over time. The majority of positive Salmonella strains were pig strains. The predominant reported serovars were: S. Typhimurium ( n= 18 ), Salmonella spp unspecified ( n= 17 ), S. Derby (n=9),, S. Enterica.sub.enterica ( n= 7 ), S. Thomson ( n=6 ) and S. Bredeney ( n= 5 ). In a prospective study during , 1184 strains of Salmonella spp have been isolated from animals. The predominant serotype was S.Gallinarum. For 2002 and 2003 S. Typhimurium and S. Agona respectively had been exclusively reported based on the small sample frame tested. In the year 2004 the reported salmonella serovars were S. Typhimurium (Goats, rabbits and turtles ), S. Dublin ( cattle), S. Corvallis (Cattle ), S. Litchfield (Turtles )and Salmmonella spp- non typed (Turtles ). Additional information BOVINE ANIMALS AND OTHER ANIMALS (NON POULTRY) DISEASE/AGENT: Salmonellosis/ Salmonella serovars INFECTED SPECIES: Animals (non poultry) Surveillance system Not specific and systematic monitoring control program in force for the other (non poultry) animals. Data are based on the samples incidentally submitted to the laboratories. Method used The methods ISO 6579 (2002) and ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D (2007) were used for the detection and isolation of Salmonella serovars in other animals. The Salmonella serotyping was performed by the Agglutination technique: Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella Serovars (9th edition WHO Institute Pasteur) In 2009, the reported Salmonella serovars derived from 256 tested units (animals) were: Salmonella spp unspecified (n= 2) and S. Dublin ( n= 1 ). In 2008, the reported Salmonella serovars were: S. Bredeney ( n= 2 ), Salmonella spp unspecified ( n= 2 ), S. Enterica.subsp.enterica ( n= 1 ). Note: n = number of positive flocks Greece

34 Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - adult - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes No of flocks under control programme Source of information Sampling strategy 241 PVD Census 9 PVD Census 10 PVD Census 22 PVD Census 41 Census Sampler and industry Industry Industry and industry Industry Sample type animal sample > faeces animal sample animal sample animal sample animal sample Sample Origin Target Verification Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella yes Flock yes Flock yes Flock yes Flock yes Flock 41 0 S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes 82 Census Industry animal sample yes Flock 75 0 Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - adult - Control and eradication programmes 219 Census and industry animal sample yes Flock Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - at farm 219 PVD Census and industry animal sample yes Flock

35 Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - day-old chicks - at farm - Control and eradication programmes (sample type unit) Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - during rearing period - at farm - Control and eradication programmes (Sample type unit) Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - Control and eradication programmes No of flocks under control programme Source of information 41 PVD Census 82 PVD Census S. Hadar S. Infantis Sampling strategy Sampler Industry Industry S. Typhimurium S. Virchow Sample type animal sample animal sample S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Sample Origin Salmonella spp., unspecified Target Verification Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella yes Flock 41 0 yes Flock 75 0 S. Bispebjerg S. Havana S. Kentucky S. Muenster S. Enteritidis Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for egg production line - adult - Control and eradication programmes

36 Table Salmonella in breeding flocks of Gallus gallus Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - parent breeding flocks for broiler production line - adult - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - at farm Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - day-old chicks - at farm - Control and eradication programmes (sample type unit) Gallus gallus (fowl) - breeding flocks for broiler production line - during rearing period - at farm - Control and eradication programmes (Sample type unit) S. Hadar S. Infantis S. Typhimurium S. Virchow S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Salmonella spp., unspecified S. Bispebjerg S. Havana S. Kentucky S. Muenster Footnote: PVD is the regional veterinary authority responsible for the implementation of the programme 31

37 Table Salmonella in other animals Cattle (bovine animals) - adult cattle over 2 years - at farm - Monitoring Sheep - at farm - Monitoring Goats - at farm - Monitoring Pigs - fattening pigs - at slaughterhouse - Monitoring Solipeds, domestic - horses - at farm - Monitoring All animals - farmed - at farm - Clinical investigations Dogs - pet animals - at AI station - Clinical investigations 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Source of information NRL-Greece NRL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece NRL-Greece NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Sampling strategy Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Sampler Sample type animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample Sample Origin Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella Animal 7 0 Animal 81 0 Animal 56 0 Animal 1 0 Animal 1 1 Animal 5 0 Animal 1 0 S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium S. 1,4,[5],12:i: - Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (pigs) 8) NVL-Greece Unspecified animal sample Animal 5 0 Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (rabbits) Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (snails) 9) 10) NVL-Greece NVL-Greece Unspecified Unspecified animal sample > organ/tissue animal sample > organ/tissue Animal 1 0 Animal

38 Table Salmonella in other animals Cattle (bovine animals) - adult cattle over 2 years - at farm - Monitoring Sheep - at farm - Monitoring Goats - at farm - Monitoring Pigs - fattening pigs - at slaughterhouse - Monitoring Solipeds, domestic - horses - at farm - Monitoring All animals - farmed - at farm - Clinical investigations Dogs - pet animals - at AI station - Clinical investigations Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (pigs) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Salmonella spp., unspecified 0 1 Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (rabbits) 9) Other animals - at farm - Clinical investigations (snails) 10) Comments: 1) clinical cases 2) clinical cases 3) clinical cases 33

39 Table Salmonella in other animals Comments: 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) clinical investigations clinical investigations clinical investigation, Pigs clinical investigation clinical cases clinical cases clinical cases 34

40 Table Salmonella in other poultry Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-old chicks - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - during rearing period - at farm - Control and eradication programmes No of flocks under control programme 100 Source of information PREFECTUR AL VETERINAR Y DEPARTME NT (PVD)D Census 131 PVD Census 583 PVD Census 7887 PVD Census 0 PVD 0 PVD Sampling strategy Sampler Industry Industry and industry and industry Sample type animal sample animal sample animal sample animal sample Sample Origin Target Verification Sampling unit Units tested Total units positive for Salmonella S. Enteritidis yes Flock yes Flock yes Flock yes Flock Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes 3 PVD Census 59 PVD Census and industry and industry animal sample yes Flock yes Flock

41 Table Salmonella in other poultry Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-old chicks - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - during rearing period - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes S. S. 1,4,[5],12:i: Typhimurium - Salmonella spp., unspecified S. Anatum S. Bovismorbific S. Bredeney S. Carno S. Corvallis S. Glostrup S. Haardt S. Hadar ans Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes 6 1 S. Havana S. Infantis S. Istanbul S. Livingstone S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Muenchen S. Muenster S. Newport S. Senftenberg S. Stanleyville Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes 36

42 Table Salmonella in other poultry Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - broilers - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - day-old chicks - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - during rearing period - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - breeding flocks, unspecified - adult - at farm - Control and eradication programmes Turkeys - fattening flocks - before slaughter - at farm - Control and eradication programmes S. Havana S. Infantis S. Istanbul 1 S. Livingstone S. Mbandaka S. Montevideo S. Muenchen S. Muenster S. Newport S. Senftenberg S. Stanleyville S. Tennessee S. Thompson S. Umbilo S. Virchow Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - day-old chicks - Control and eradication programmes Gallus gallus (fowl) - laying hens - during rearing period - Control and eradication programmes 37