REDUCING INSECTICIDE RUNOFF FROM HOUSES TREATED FOR ANT INFESTATIONS. Dr. Les Greenberg University of California, Riverside

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1 REDUCING INSECTICIDE RUNOFF FROM HOUSES TREATED FOR ANT INFESTATIONS Dr. Les Greenberg University of California, Riverside

2 Problem Pyrethroids and fipronil have been found in urban waterways in CA and other states State and national regulatory agencies are concerned about runoff of these insecticides

3 Why runoff matters Water contaminated with insecticides can go from the house to the street (mainly via the driveway) and then to sewers that feed into urban waterways These aquatic waterways contain small crustaceans that are highly susceptible to insecticides

4 Fresh water crustacea Important components of fresh water food chains Consume algae and other small organisms and are then fed on by fish, insect larvae and other small organisms They are indicator species for toxins in the environment

5 Daphnia Water flea (Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia) Mysid shrimp

6 Water runoff from lawns

7 Especially driveways Irrigation runoff from a typical house

8 Measuring insecticide runoff

9 Dam placement at curb Sand bags on styrofoam Styrofoam and sand bags put inside disposable plastic bags

10 Sample collection

11 Driveway sample collection

12 Definitions LC 50 = lethal concentration that kills 50% of the test organism For aquatic organisms, frequently described in terms of parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt) One ppb = 1,000 ppt

13 Water runoff One part per trillion (ppt) is equivalent to one drop of water diluted into 20 Olympic-size swimming pools (50,000 m 3 ). (Source: Wikipedia)

14 LC 50 s of fipronil and bifenthrin against aquatic test organisms Test organism fipronil (ppt) bifenthrin (ppt) Rainbow trout 248, Bluegill 85, Sheepshead minnow 130,000 17,500 Grass shrimp Aedes albopictus 810 5,200 Mysid shrimp Ceriodaphnia 10,000-32, Daphnia magna

15 FIRST RUNOFF TRIALS, 2007: BEFORE LABEL CHANGES FOR FIPRONIL AND PYRETHROIDS

16 Concentration in ppb Concentration in µg/l10.00 B gran B spray F perim F spot Ceriodaphnia LC 50 for fipronil (10 ppb) Ceriodaphnia LC 50 for bifenthrin (0.078 ppb) Week

17 2008

18 10.00 Fipronil concentration in µg/l ppb PPB pin perimeter fan spot fan spot + SFZ Pin perimeter Day Ceriodaphnia LC 50 For fipronil (10 ppb) Mysid shrimp LC 50 (0.14 ppb)

19 Fipronil runoff 2010 Variety of applications

20 Fipronil treatments Perimeter spray Perimeter spray minus driveway Wet foam perimeter Dry foam perimeter Perimeter spray with narrow band at garage door

21 1-gal 0.06% fan spray limited to house foundation, 1 ft up and 1 ft out

22 1-gal pin stream application around entire house foundation and narrow band at garage

23 Foam applicator from NPD Products, Canada

24 Preparing the wet foam

25 Wet foam application of 0.06% fipronil 1 ft up and 1 ft out from foundation

26 Dry foam aerosol application of 0.65% fipronil

27 Fipronil runoff Ceriodaphnia LC 50 Concentration in ppt 10,000 1, Mysid shrimp LC Days post-treatment 40 gal wash of Building and driveway Treatment C&C DryFoam NoDoor Standard WetFoam

28 2011 Bifenthrin spray alternatives

29 Fipronil spray and bifenthrin granules 0.5 gal pin stream fipronil, avoiding garage door and driveway completely Supplementing fipronil with two kinds of bifenthrin granules Talstar PL, sand matrix Talstar Verge, clay particles

30 Percent reduction in ant numbers Percent reduction Weeks post-treatment Treatment Term Term+PL Term+Verge

31 Comparing narrow band pin stream vs. crack and crevice in expansion joint at garage door for fipronil runoff 2012

32 Pin stream at garage

33 Crack and crevice at garage

34 Concentration in ppt 10,000 1, Fipronil runoff Company 1 Company 2 Ceriodaphnia LC 50 (10,000 ppt) Mysid shrimp LC 50 (140 ppt) Days post-treatment

35 Fipronil and bifenthrin runoff 2013

36 Company protocol to reduce runoff Limited use of bifenthrin in front of house, nothing closer than 2 ft from driveway. Mostly used natural pyrethrins in front of house. No fipronil on driveway; at least 1 ft away

37 Fipronil runoff Ceriodaphnia LC 50 (10,000 ppt) 10,000 1,000 Mysid shrimp LC 50 (140 ppt) PPT /01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/ Component desulfinyl fipronyl sulfide sulfone

38 Bifenthrin spray runoff 10,000 1,000 Ceriodaphnia LC 50 (78 ppt) Mysid shrimp LC 50 (4 ppt) PPT Switched to avermectin bait 1 04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/

39 Particulates vs. liquid in runoff Percent runoff as particulates c a b ab b 0 bifenthrin fipronil desulfinyl Insecticide sulfide sulfone

40 Testing driveway alternatives Houses treated only with pin stream fipronil (0.5 gal) around the house foundation, and not closer than 1 ft from driveway Driveway substitutions Botanical sprays Indoxacarb sprays Thiamethoxam gel in buried bait stations

41 Alternatives to fipronil on driveway % reduction Wk1 Wk2 Wk4 Wk8 Weeks post-treatment Treatment fipronil fipronil + indoxacarb fipronil + botanicals fipronil + thiamethoxam gel

42 2013 Runoff from fipronil, no driveway Effect of paint on driveway 1,000 Mysid shrimp LC 50 1 house Painted driveway Fipronil in ppt houses 10 No paint Paint Pretreat Day1

43 2014

44 Runoff from different bifenthrin applications Narrow band, 2x2 in Wide band, 2 ft up, 3 ft out Wide band, 2 ft up, 3 ft out, plus crack and crevice along driveway edges Spot treatment at 2 ft from driveway Spot treatment at 6 ft from driveway 5 houses per treatment No treatment at garage door

45 1,000 Bifenthrin ppt Days post-treatment TREAT$ 2x2in 2x3ft 2x3ft&DW spot6ftaway

46 Band width runoff comparisons Bifenthrin ppt 1, Days post-treatment Spot treatment at 2 ft from driveway added TREAT$ 2x2in 2x3ft&CC 2x3ft&DW

47 Bifenthrin efficacy % reduction in ant numbers Bifenthrin treatments 2014 wk1 wk2 wk4 Weeks post treatment Treatments 2x2 in 2x3 ft 2x3 ft C&C

48 How to reduce bifenthrin runoff Avoid front of house or impervious surfaces leading to front of house Substitute granular pyrethroid for front of house, keeping away from driveway If you must spray at garage door, use a crack and crevice application directly into the expansion joint Use narrow band around perimeter For front of house and driveway substitute botanicals, other non-pyrethroids, baits

49 Runoff from different fipronil band widths Narrow band pin stream, 2x2 in Wide band, 6x6 in No treatment at garage door 5 houses per treatment

50 Day Mysid shrimp LC 50 Fipronil ppt x6in pin pin rain Treatment

51 How to reduce fipronil runoff Highlights: Reduce fipronil use to 0.5 gal using a narrow band If spraying at garage door/driveway, do a crack and crevice into the expansion joint Even better, avoid the driveway/garage door interface completely Avoid use in rainy season

52 Collaborators Mike Rust, University of California Dong-Hwan Choe, University of California Kathleen Campbell, University of California Sara Jean Wright, University of California Pat Copps, Orkin Pest Control Keith Willingham, Western Exterminator Company Corky Mizer, Corky s Pest Control

Pesticide Detections in Wash Off from Residential Hardscapes

Pesticide Detections in Wash Off from Residential Hardscapes Darren Haver*, UC Cooperative Extension Orange Tamara Majcherek, UC Davis, Plant Sciences Jay Gan and Sveta Bondarenko, UC Riverside, Environmental