Vaccination to Improve Reproductive Health. Cow/Calf Meetings. Sandy Stuttgen, DVM UWEX Agriculture Educator, Taylor County

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1 Vaccination to Improve Reproductive Health Cow/Calf Meetings Sandy Stuttgen, DVM UWEX Agriculture Educator, Taylor County June, 2013

2 Reproductive Diseases Bacteria Brucella Camplyobacter (Vibrio) Leptospira Protozoa Trichomona Neospora Virus BVD IBR 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 2

3 Maintain natural immunity Proper nutrition: copper, selenium, zinc Avoid overcrowding Control internal and external parasites Keep infectious agents out of the herd Purchase from well-managed, reputable herds Test prior to purchase Minimize spread of infectious agents Quarantine upon arrival Identify and cull carrier animals Isolate sick animals, bury/compost dead animals Separate feed and manure handling equipment Reduce exposure to wildlife reservoirs Maintain acquired immunity vaccination protocols Biosecurity 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 3

4 Immune System 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 4

5 Vaccine Theory Day 0 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28 Booster given on day 21 Antibody and T-cell response Day 0 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28 Booster given on day 21 Antibody and T-cell response 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 5

6 Handling Animal Health Products Read the Label Storage Use Dose Withdrawals Keep equipment clean hot water rinses microwave Change needles Discard bent needles Administration Check expiration date Dose number needed Reconstitute properly Mix thoroughly Use quickly Avoid sunlight Avoid freezing Don t mix products Avoid contamination 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 6

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8 Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR) Establish this relationship with your veterinarian Prevention and Treatment Required for prescription drugs and extra label drug use Cow/Calf Meetings 8

9 Bacteria: Brucella abortus Abortion/RP/metritis/mastitis/orchitis/epididymitis/ arthritis/lameness Cooperative State Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program, 1934 to present WI = Class A: Brucellosis Free Surveillance Vaccination Interstate shipment 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 9

10 Bacteria: Leptospira L. hardjo & pomona: Cattle host adapted maintenance host Cattle are incidental host: L.bratislava: pigs & horses L. canicola: dogs L. icterohaemorrhagiae: rats L. grippotyphosa: raccoons, skunks, opossum Contagious : sub-clinical & clinical disease Worldwide, herd biosecurity Difficult to diagnose Optimal vaccination to prevent clinical disease and urinary shedding in animals exposed to a variety of Leptospira serovars do not exist. ELDU: antibiotic treatment to eliminate carriers 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 10

11 Bacteria: Campylobacter (Vibriosis) C. foetus ss venerealis Venereal transmission EED, delayed return to estrus Preputial/vaginal swab cultures Poor treatment response Vaccination Herd bull biosecurity, AI 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 11

12 Protozoa: Trichomoniasis Trichomonas fetus Venereal transmission EED, first trimester abortion, pyometra, reduced calf crop, prolonged calving season Preputial/vaginal swab cultures Treatment Vaccination Herd bull biosecurity, AI 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 12

13 Dogs are definitive hosts Protozoa: Neospora caninum Abortion mid-gestation (4-6 th month), mummified fetus at 3 months, congenitally infected calves born weak or with neurologic deficits Protozoa is maintained in cattle as a chronic infection which can be passed to fetus: Vertical transmission: PI calf No treatment No vaccination Herd biosecurity 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 13

14 Virus: BVD Bovine Viral Diarrhea Herd Biosecurity & Testing 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 14

15 Virus: IBR Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Herpesvirus, transmitted by respiratory, ocular and reproductive secretions Latent infections in nerve endings Cattle are principal reservoir Abortion Ovarian inflammation Killed vs modified live vaccine 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 15

16 Repro Vaccination Protocol Bacteria Brucella Camplyobacter (Vibrio) Leptospira Protozoa Trichomonas Neospora Virus BVD IBR VCPR Determine which diseases you need to protect your herd from Tailor vaccination protocols to cow s life cycle Pre-breeding Preg check Pre-weaning Bull 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 16

17 Many diseases that cause abortions are zoonotic. Use disposable plastic gloves, wash your hands. In case of abortion, call veterinarian for diagnostics and: Identify aborting cows, isolate from herd Save fetuses and fresh placentas. Refrigerate, do not freeze unless is frozen when found, then keep frozen; wrap in plastic. Do not cut or wash fetus or placenta Maintain herd vaccination history, movement of cattle to and from premises, and management and origin of bulls. Keep repro history of cows, including number of abortions, conception rate, and approximate breeding dates. Guide to determine age of aborted fetus: Two months gestation = mouse Seven months = fine hair on body and legs Three months = rat Eight months = complete hair coat Four months = small cat Nine months = incisor teeth erupted Five months = large cat Six months = small dog (hair around eyes, tail, muzzle) 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 17

18 Reproductive performance measures # cows bred x % produce calf = normal expected calves to sell # calves lost x $ market value = $ dollars lost % calf crop weaned per cow exposed lbs of calf weaned per female exposed Questions? References used for this presentation are available upon request; too numerous to list here!! Contact Sandy Stuttgen, DVM, UWEX Taylor County, ext 1 sandy.stuttgen@ces.uwex.edu 2013 Cow/Calf Meetings 18