Pharm 262: Antibiotics. 1 Pharmaceutical Microbiology II DR. C. AGYARE
|
|
- Egbert Allison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pharm 262: 1 Pharmaceutical Microbiology II Antibiotics DR. C. AGYARE
2 Reference Books 2 HUGO, W.B., RUSSELL, A.D. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. 6 th Ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, WALSH, G. Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2 nd Ed. New York: Wiley, 2003.
3 Course content/learning outcomes 3 Definitions of antibiotics Classification of antibiotics Mode of actions of antibiotics Antimicrobial spectrum Few significant/major sides effects
4 Chemotherapy 4 Chemotherapy is the treatment or prevention of disease with chemicals The term was coined by Paul Ehrlich The definition has been expanded to include antibiotics. The term now is widely applied to treatment of cancer
5 Antibiotics Antibiotics are natural antibacterial substances produced by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) Extended to include synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as sulfonamides and quinolones. Antibiotics differ markedly in physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties, in antimicrobial spectra, and in mechanisms of action. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms of bacterial replication has greatly facilitated rational development of compounds that can interfere with their replication. 5
6 History of Antibiotics The antibacterial effect of penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in Fleming had devoted much of his career to finding methods for treating wound infections. A fungal colony grew as a contaminant on an agar plate streaked with Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial colonies around the fungus were transparent A fungal metabolite may be responsible The substance was named penicillin, because the fungal contaminant was identified as Penicillium notatum.
7 History of antibiotics I 7 In 1941, Florey and Chain managed to produce the antibiotic on an industrial scale. Penicillin was originally obtained, as a mixture of Penicillins known as F, G, X, and K, from the mould Penicillium notatum. Better yields were achieved using P. chrysogenum. The (earlier) natural penicillins, were produced by adding side chain precursors to the fermentation medium. Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) was selectively produced by adding the precursor phenylacetic acid Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) was produced by adding phenoxymethyl acetic acid.
8 History of antibiotics II 8 The discovery of penicillin led to the search for other antibiotic-producing microorganisms, especially from soil environments. Streptomycin - Streptomyces griseus (soil actinomycete) Cephalosporins - Cephalosporium acremonium Griseofulvin - Penicillium griseofulvum Chloramphenicol - Streptomyces venezuelae
9 History of antibiotics III In 1935, Domagk discovered that prontosil A dye, could protect mice against several thousand times the lethal dose of haemolytic streptococci and was also effective against infections in man. 9
10 Some Clinically Important Antibiotics Antibiotic Producer organism Activity Site or mode of action Penicillin Penicillium chrysogenum Gram-positive bacteria Cephalosporium Cephalosporin Broad spectrum acremonium Wall synthesis Wall synthesis Griseofulvin Penicillium griseofulvum Dermatophytic fungi Microtubules Bacitracin Polymyxin B Bacillus subtilis Bacillus polymyxa Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria Wall synthesis 10 Cell membrane Amphotericin B Streptomyces nodosus Fungi Cell membrane Erythromycin Streptomyces erythreus Gram-positive bacteria Protein synthesis Neomycin Streptomyces fradiae Broad spectrum Protein synthesis Streptomycin Streptomyces griseus Gram-negative bacteria Protein synthesis Tetracycline Streptomyces rimosus Broad spectrum Protein synthesis Vancomycin Gentamicin Rifamycin Streptomyces orientalis Micromonospora purpurea Streptomyces Gram-positive bacteria Broad spectrum Wall synthesis Protein synthesis
11 11
12 Susceptibility of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents Successful antimicrobial therapy of an infection ultimately depends on the concentration of antibiotic at the site of infection. 12 This concentration must be sufficient to inhibit growth of the offending microorganism. If host defences are intact and active, a minimum inhibitory effect, such as that provided by bacteriostatic agents may be sufficient. If host defences are impaired, bactericidal effect may be required to eradicate the infection.
13 13
14 Selective toxicity 14 Depends on there being exploitable biochemical differences between the parasite/microbial cell and the host. This is because only compounds with selective toxicity can be used clinically. In practice, this is expressed in terms of the therapeutic index - the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose. The larger the index, the better is its therapeutic value.
15 Nosocomial infections 15 Result from pathogens that develop within a hospital or other type of clinical care facility and are acquired by patients while they are in the facility. Most nosocomial infections become clinically apparent while patients are still hospitalized However, disease onset can occur after patients have been discharged. Infections that are incubating when patients are admitted to a hospital are not nosocomial; they are community acquired.
16 Super infection (Supra-infection) 16 Is usually attributed to the suppression of antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms which normally provide natural competition to prevent the unlimited multiplication of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The administration of broad spectrum antibiotics, especially by mouth, may result in supra-infection with Candida and other yeasts, filamentous fungi And resistant Gram-negative bacteria, affecting the mouth, gastro-intestinal tract, or upper respiratory tract. Co-infection?????
17 Thanks for your attention 17
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria Electron Micrograph of E. Coli Diseases Caused by Bacteria 1928 1 2 Fleming 3 discovers penicillin the first antibiotic. Some Clinically Important Antibiotics Antibiotic
More informationSelective toxicity. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/17/2016
Selective toxicity Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Drugs must work inside the host and harm the infective pathogens, but not the host Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that
More informationAntibiotics. Antimicrobial Drugs. Alexander Fleming 10/18/2017
Antibiotics Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 20 BIO 220 Antibiotics are compounds produced by fungi or bacteria that inhibit or kill competing microbial species Antimicrobial drugs must display selective toxicity,
More informationAntibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut
Antibiotics: mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Slides made by Special consultant Henrik Hasman Statens Serum Institut This presentation Definitions needed to discuss antimicrobial resistance
More informationAntimicrobials & Resistance
Antimicrobials & Resistance History 1908, Paul Ehrlich - Arsenic compound Arsphenamine 1929, Alexander Fleming - Discovery of Penicillin 1935, Gerhard Domag - Discovery of the red dye Prontosil (sulfonamide)
More informationChapter 12. Antimicrobial Therapy. Antibiotics 3/31/2010. Spectrum of antibiotics and targets
Chapter 12 Topics: - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction Antimicrobial Therapy Ehrlich (1900 s) compound 606
More informationAntimicrobial agents. are chemicals active against microorganisms
Antimicrobial agents are chemicals active against microorganisms Antibacterial Agents Are chemicals active against bacteria Antimicrobials Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral Antiparasitic: -anti protozoan
More informationBurton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences. Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents
Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences Chapter 9. Controlling Microbial Growth in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 9 Outline Introduction Characteristics of an Ideal Antimicrobial Agent How
More informationAntibacterial susceptibility testing
Antibiotics: Antil susceptibility testing are natural chemical substances produced by certain groups of microorganisms (fungi, ) that inhibit the growth of or kill the other that cause infection. Several
More informationIntroduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018
Introduction to Chemotherapeutic Agents Munir Gharaibeh MD, PhD, MHPE School of Medicine, The university of Jordan November 2018 Antimicrobial Agents Substances that kill bacteria without harming the host.
More informationInhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani
Inhibiting Microbial Growth in vivo CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Zeina Alkudmani Chemotherapy Definitions The use of any chemical (drug) to treat any disease or condition. Chemotherapeutic Agent Any drug
More informationAntimicrobial Therapy
Chapter 12 The Elements of Chemotherapy Topics - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction Antimicrobial Therapy
More informationBiochrom AG s antibiotics solutions: working concentration. Biochrom AG Information, November 19, 2010
Biochrom AG s antibiotics solutions: Up-to to-date overview regarding of action, performance and working concentration Biochrom AG Information, November 19, 2010 Cell culture media allow not only cells
More informationمادة االدوية المرحلة الثالثة م. غدير حاتم محمد
م. مادة االدوية المرحلة الثالثة م. غدير حاتم محمد 2017-2016 ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS Antimicrobial drugs Lecture 1 Antimicrobial Drugs Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to treat a disease. Antimicrobial drugs:
More informationAntibiotics & Resistance
What are antibiotics? Antibiotics & esistance Antibiotics are molecules that stop bacteria from growing or kill them Antibiotics, agents against life - either natural or synthetic chemicals - designed
More informationEXPERIMENT. Antibiotic Sensitivity-Kirby Bauer Diffusion Test
EXPERIMENT Antibiotic Sensitivity-Kirby Bauer Diffusion Test Author Name Version 42-0238-00-02 Review the safety materials and wear goggles when working with chemicals. Read the entire exercise before
More informationChapter concepts: What are antibiotics, the different types, and how do they work? Antibiotics
Chapter concepts: Antibiotics What are antibiotics, the different types, and how do they work? How do we decided on the most appropriate antibiotic treatment? What are some of the ways that bacteria are
More informationPrinciples of Antimicrobial therapy
Principles of Antimicrobial therapy Laith Mohammed Abbas Al-Huseini M.B.Ch.B., M.Sc, M.Res, Ph.D Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Antimicrobial agents are chemical substances that can kill or
More informationSearch for Antimicrobial Agents Produced by the Soil Actinomycetes
International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. ISSN 0974 3073 Volume 5, Number 2 (2014), pp. 147-152 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Search for Antimicrobial
More informationAntibacterial therapy 1. د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
Antibacterial therapy 1 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi ILOs Principles and terms Different categories of antibiotics Spectrum of activity and mechanism of action Resistancs Antibacterial therapy What
More informationAn#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs
An#bio#cs and challenges in the wake of superbugs www.biochemj.org/bj/330/0581/bj3300581.htm ciss.blog.olemiss.edu Dr. Vassie Ware Bioscience in the 21 st Century November 14, 2014 Who said this and what
More informationMicrobiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7
Microbiology ( Bacteriology) sheet # 7 Revision of last lecture : Each type of antimicrobial drug normally targets a specific structure or component of the bacterial cell eg:( cell wall, cell membrane,
More informationLecture 6: Fungi, antibiotics and bacterial infections. Outline Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Viruses Bacteria Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance
Lecture 6: Fungi, antibiotics and bacterial infections Outline Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Viruses Bacteria Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance Lecture 1 2 3 Lecture Outline Section 4 Willow and aspirin Opium
More informationMicrobiology : antimicrobial drugs. Sheet 11. Ali abualhija
Microbiology : antimicrobial drugs Sheet 11 Ali abualhija return to our topic antimicrobial drugs, we have finished major group of antimicrobial drugs which associated with inhibition of protein synthesis
More informationANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA. 1. Vancomicin
ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR RESISTACE BACTERIA 1. Vancomicin Vancomycin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the family of medicines called antibiotics. Vancomycin works by killing bacteria
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs Chapter 12 Topics - Antimicrobial Therapy - Selective Toxicity - Survey of Antimicrobial Drug - Microbial Drug Resistance - Drug and Host Interaction
More informationThe Aftermath of Penicillin
The Aftermath of Penicillin Introduction After the discovery of penicillin, a great deal of effort was begun to find other antibiotics. Thousands would be discovered. Most would be bacterial (Actinomycete)
More informationAntimicrobials. Antimicrobials
Antimicrobials For more than 50 years, antibiotics have come to the rescue by routinely producing rapid and long-lasting miracle cures. However, from the beginning antibiotics have selected for resistance
More informationIsolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil of Kathmandu valley and assessment of their antimicrobial activities
International Journal of Microbiology and Allied Sciences (IJOMAS) ISSN: 2382-5537 May 2016, 2(4):22-26 IJOMAS, 2016 Research Article Page: 22-26 Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil
More informationPrinciples of Anti-Microbial Therapy Assistant Professor Naza M. Ali. Lec 1
Principles of Anti-Microbial Therapy Assistant Professor Naza M. Ali Lec 1 28 Oct 2018 References Lippincott s IIIustrated Reviews / Pharmacology 6 th Edition Katzung and Trevor s Pharmacology / Examination
More informationLab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method.
Lab Exercise: Antibiotics- Evaluation using Kirby Bauer method. OBJECTIVES 1. Compare the antimicrobial capabilities of different antibiotics. 2. Compare effectiveness of with different types of bacteria.
More informationTerry Talks Nutrition: Infectious microbes
Terry Talks Nutrition: Infectious microbes Meet the Microbes Microbes = very tiny living things that can only be seen under a microscope 4 types of disease-causing microbes Bacteria Viruses Yeast (fungi)
More informationQ1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.
Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.
More informationOverview. There are commonly found arrangements of bacteria based on their division. Spheres, Rods, Spirals
Bacteria Overview Bacteria live almost everywhere. Most are microscopic ranging from 0.5 5 m in size, and unicellular. They have a variety of shapes when viewed under a microscope, most commonly: Spheres,
More informationIs erythromycin bactericidal
Is erythromycin bactericidal Search Comparison of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin: mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, side effects, drug interactions. Erythromycin
More informationBUGS and DRUGS Part 1 March 6, 2013 Marieke Kruidering- Hall
BUGS and DRUGS Part 1 March 6, 2013 Marieke Kruidering- Hall BIOGRAPHY: Marieke Kruidering- Hall is Associate Professor in the Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology. She was born in the Netherlands.
More informationChapter 51. Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents
Chapter 51 Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents History of antimicrobial therapy Early 17 th century Cinchona bark was used as an important historical remedy against malaria. 1909 Paul Ehrlich sought a
More informationOverview of antibiotic combination issues.
Overview of antibiotic combination issues. Professor Anthony Coates St George s, University of London Founder, CSO, Helperby Therapeutics Ltd The most serious problem is Carbapenem resistant Gram-negatives
More informationChapter 20. Antimicrobial Drugs. Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures prepared by Christine L.
Chapter 20 Antimicrobial Drugs Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case Copyright Lectures prepared by Christine L. Case The History of Chemotherapy Learning Objectives 20-1 Identify the contributions of
More informationMedicinal Chemistry of Modern Antibiotics
Chemistry 259 Medicinal Chemistry of Modern Antibiotics Spring 2012 Lecture 2: History of Antibiotics Thomas Hermann Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 03/23/2006
More informationANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Syed Ziaur Rahman, MD, PhD D/O Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Syed Ziaur Rahman, MD, PhD D/O Pharmacology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The most important problem associated with infectious disease today is the rapid development
More informationANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ
ANTIBIOTIC Resistance A GLOBAL THREAT Robero JJ Antibiotic resistance is rapidly emerging as a public health issue throughout the world. Mankind has enjoyed about half a century of virtual complete control
More informationTOLYPOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC. V IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY. Masahiro Kondo, Tokiko Oishi and Kanji Tsuchiya
16 THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS JAN. 1972 TOLYPOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC. V IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Masahiro Kondo, Tokiko Oishi and Kanji Tsuchiya Biological Research Laboratories, Research
More informationAntimicrobial Drugs. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Bradley W. Christian, McLennan Community College C H A P T E R 20 Antimicrobial Drugs The History of Chemotherapy Selective toxicity: selectively finding and
More informationMedicinal Chemistry of Modern Antibiotics
Chemistry 259 Medicinal Chemistry of Modern Antibiotics Spring 2008 Lecture 2: History of Antibiotics Thomas Hermann Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 03/23/2006
More informationAntibiotics in vitro : Which properties do we need to consider for optimizing our therapeutic choice?
Antibiotics in vitro : Which properties do we need to consider for optimizing our therapeutic choice? With the support of Wallonie-Bruxelles-International 1-1 In vitro evaluation of antibiotics : the antibiogram
More informationANTIBIOTICS IN PLASMA
by LC/MS Code LC79010 (Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Linezolid, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Teicoplanin) INTRODUCTION Technically it defines "antibiotic" a substance of natural
More informationHealth Products Regulatory Authority
1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Genta 50 mg/ml solution for injection 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each ml contains: Active Substances Gentamicin sulphate equivalent to Gentamicin
More informationControlling Bacterial Growth
Pre- Lab Discussion: Controlling Bacterial Growth Most bacteria (and other microorganisms) are harmless. In fact, many bacteria are beneficial. Cheesemaking, decay, and soil building are a few of the important
More informationGeneral Approach to Infectious Diseases
General Approach to Infectious Diseases 2 The pharmacotherapy of infectious diseases is unique. To treat most diseases with drugs, we give drugs that have some desired pharmacologic action at some receptor
More informationIntroduction to antimicrobial agents
Introduction to antimicrobial agents Kwan Soo Ko Action mechanisms of antimicrobials Bacteriostatic agents, such as tetracycline - Inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria - Upon exposure to a
More informationAntibacterial Agents & Conditions. Stijn van der Veen
Antibacterial Agents & Conditions Stijn van der Veen Antibacterial agents & conditions Antibacterial agents Disinfectants: Non-selective antimicrobial substances that kill a wide range of bacteria. Only
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs Interesting News https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601138/the-fridge-laserthat-detects-bacteria-crawling-all-over-food/
More informationAntimicrobial Selection to Combat Resistance
Antimicrobial Selection to Combat Resistance (Dead Bugs Don t Mutate!) Shelley C Rankin PhD Associate Professor CE Microbiology Head of Diagnostic Services & Chief of Clinical Microbiology Ryan Veterinary
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Lincomycin (as Lincomycin hydrochloride) Neomycin (as Neomycin sulphate) Excipients Disodium edetate
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AN: 00221/2013 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Lincocin Forte S Intramammary Solution 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances Lincomycin
More informationSome Antibacterial Agents Used with Koi (oz refers to weight unless otherwise specified)
Some Antibacterial Agents Used with Koi (oz refers to weight unless otherwise specified) (Note: many chemicals have been used at one time or another to combat bacterial disease in koi. We have attempted
More informationANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS
ANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS PHM025D March 2016 Neha Maliwal Project Analyst ISBN: 1-62296-252-4 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free
More informationLIVING IN A POST-ANTIBIOTIC ERA: the impact on public health
LIVING IN A POST-ANTIBIOTIC ERA: the impact on public health WELCOME This booklet was created by the Biochemical Society and the Society for General Microbiology as part of a series of public debates around
More informationbacteria fungi HOW? WHAT? protozoa virus Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationTesting Soil Microbes for Antibiotic Production
http://www.coplac.org/publications/metamorphosis/ Testing Soil Microbes for Antibiotic Production Lauren Atkinson and Barbara Murdoch Dept. of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Science Building,
More informationAppropriate Antimicrobial Therapy for Treatment of
Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections ( MRSA ) By : A. Bojdi MD Assistant Professor Inf. Dis. Dep. Imam Reza Hosp. MUMS Antibiotics Still Miracle Drugs Paul
More informationMicrobiology: Practical Competence
Microbiology: Practical Competence Introduction Infectious diseases in animals are caused by the invasion of tissues by bacteria, especially the epithelium, by microorganisms. This invasion have many effects
More informationControlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 10 Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs bacteria fungi HOW? WHAT?
More informationAntimicrobial agents
Bacteriology Antimicrobial agents Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: Identify mechanisms of action of antimicrobial Drugs Know and understand key concepts about
More informationProject Summary. Impact of Feeding Neomycin on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli O157:H7 and Commensal Organisms
Project Summary Impact of Feeding Neomycin on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli O157:H7 and Commensal Organisms Principal Investigators: Mindy Brashears, Ph.D., Texas Tech University Guy
More informationFoundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 12 To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn
More informationAntimicrobial chemotherapy - history - principles and practice - mode of action, resistance. Dr. Berek Zsuzsa. 01 October 2013
Antimicrobial chemotherapy - history - principles and practice - mode of action, resistance Dr. Berek Zsuzsa 01 October 2013 How to kill Microbes? Extracorporal sterilisation disinfecting prevention Intracorporal
More informationAntibiotic. Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting
Antibiotic Antibiotic Classes, Spectrum of Activity & Antibiotic Reporting Any substance of natural, synthetic or semisynthetic origin which at low concentrations kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
More informationبسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم The third (and the last) part about the Antimicrobial drugs. Tetracyclines: 1. This group is considered Bacteriostatic drugs Bacteriostatic drugs means: the effect of them is not
More informationDETERMINING CORRECT DOSING REGIMENS OF ANTIBIOTICS BASED ON THE THEIR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY*
44 DETERMINING CORRECT DOSING REGIMENS OF ANTIBIOTICS BASED ON THE THEIR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY* AUTHOR: Cecilia C. Maramba-Lazarte, MD, MScID University of the Philippines College of Medicine-Philippine
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 20 ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The most important problem associated with infectious disease today is the rapid development of resistance to antibiotics It will force us to change
More informationGENTAMICIN: ACTIVITY IN VITRO AGAINST GRAMNEGATIVE ORGANISMS AND CLINICAL EXPERIENCES IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
390 CHEMOTHERAPY JULY 1967 GENTAMICIN: ACTIVITY IN VITRO AGAINST GRAMNEGATIVE ORGANISMS AND CLINICAL EXPERIENCES IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS M. OHOKOSHI*, Y. NAIDE, T. KAWAMURA, K. SUZUKI,
More informationUSA Product Label CLINTABS TABLETS. Virbac. brand of clindamycin hydrochloride tablets. ANADA # , Approved by FDA DESCRIPTION
VIRBAC CORPORATION USA Product Label http://www.vetdepot.com P.O. BOX 162059, FORT WORTH, TX, 76161 Telephone: 817-831-5030 Order Desk: 800-338-3659 Fax: 817-831-8327 Website: www.virbacvet.com CLINTABS
More informationDO NOT WRITE ON or THROW AWAY THIS PAPER!
What Kills Bacteria? Lab Procedure Go to the following link: http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/ls08/ls08.html or DO NOT WRITE ON or THROW AWAY THIS PAPER! Visit my eboard
More informationAmerican Association of Feline Practitioners American Animal Hospital Association
American Association of Feline Practitioners American Animal Hospital Association Basic Guidelines of Judicious Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobials August 1, 2006 Introduction The Basic Guidelines to Judicious
More informationDANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme
DANMAP Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme Hanne-Dorthe Emborg Department of Microbiology and Risk Assessment National Food Institute, DTU Introduction The DANMAP
More informationChemotherapeutic Agents
Chemotherapeutic Agents The cell is the basic structure of all living organisms. The cell membrane features specifi c receptor sites that allow interaction with various chemicals, histocompatibility proteins
More informationAntimicrobial susceptibility
Antimicrobial susceptibility PATTERNS Microbiology Department Canterbury ealth Laboratories and Clinical Pharmacology Department Canterbury District ealth Board March 2011 Contents Preface... Page 1 ANTIMICROBIAL
More informationEinheit für pädiatrische Infektiologie Antibiotics - what, why, when and how?
Einheit für pädiatrische Infektiologie Antibiotics - what, why, when and how? Andrea Duppenthaler andrea.duppenthaler@insel.ch Limping patient local pain swelling tenderness warmth fever acute Osteomyelitis
More informationCell Wall Inhibitors. Assistant Professor Naza M. Ali. Lec 3 7 Nov 2017
Cell Wall Inhibitors Assistant Professor Naza M. Ali Lec 3 7 Nov 2017 Cell wall The cell wall is a rigid outer layer, it completely surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane, maintaining the shape of the cell
More informationOther Beta - lactam Antibiotics
Other Beta - lactam Antibiotics Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali Lec 5 8 Nov 2017 Lecture outlines Other beta lactam antibiotics Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Other beta-lactam Antibiotics
More information3.0 Treatment of Infection
3.0 Treatment of Infection Antibiotics and Medicine National Curriculum Link Key Stage 3 Sc1:1a - 1c. 2a 2p Sc2: 2n Unit of Study Unit 8: Microbes and Disease Unit 9B: Fit and Healthy Unit 20: 20 th Century
More informationAntibiotic Resistance Mechanisms, Problems, and Solutions
Grand Valley State University ScholarWorks@GVSU Honors Projects Undergraduate Research and Creative Practice 2015 Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms, Problems, and Solutions Andrea Sageman Grand Valley State
More informationEar drops suspension. A smooth, uniform, white to off-white viscous suspension.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT OTOMAX EAR DROPS SUSPENSION 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each ml of the veterinary medicinal product contains:
More informationProtein Synthesis Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Assistant Professor Dr. Naza M. Ali 11 Nov 2018 Lec 7 Aminoglycosides Are structurally related two amino sugars attached by glycosidic linkages. They are bactericidal Inhibitors
More informationInternational Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access.
I J A P B International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access. ISSN: 2454-8375 COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MIC OF BRANDED
More informationChallenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems
Micro 301 Antimicrobial Drugs 11/7/12 Significance of antimicrobial drugs Challenges Emerging resistance Fewer new drugs MRSA and other resistant pathogens are major problems Definitions Antibiotic Selective
More informationMedical bacteriology Lecture 8. Streptococcal Diseases
Medical bacteriology Lecture 8 Streptococcal Diseases Streptococcus agalactiae Beat haemolytic Lancifield group B Regularly resides in human vagina, pharynx and large inine Can be transferred to infant
More informationWarm Up What recommendations do you have for him? Choose a partner and list some suggestions in your lab notebook.
Antibiotics 1. Warmup: Medical Scenario 2. Lecture: PPT Slides & Notes 3. Math Connection: Graphing Activity 4. Assessment: Final Recommendation for Medical Scenario Citing Evidence 5. Enrichment: Article
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi
number 8 Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi 25 10/10/2017 Antibacterial therapy 2 د. حامد الزعبي Dr Hamed Al-Zoubi Antibacterial therapy Figure 2/ Antibiotics target Inhibition of microbial
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Cephacare flavour 50 mg tablets for cats and dogs. Excipients: For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Cephacare flavour 50 mg tablets for cats and dogs 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active
More informationIntroduction to Antimicrobials. Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail.
Introduction to Antimicrobials Rachel J. Gordon, MD, MPH Lecture Aim: To provide a brief introduction to antibiotics. Future lectures will go into more detail. Major Learning Objectives: 1) Learn the different
More informationProceedings of the 13th International Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association WEVA
www.ivis.org Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association WEVA October 3-5, 2013 Budapest, Hungary Reprinted in IVIS with the Permission of the WEVA Organizers
More informationQUICK REFERENCE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Pseudomonas sp. Xantomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter sp. & Flavomonas sp.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas sp. Xantomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter sp. & Flavomonas sp.) Description: Greenish gray colonies with some beta-hemolysis around each colony on blood agar (BAP),
More informationBiology, Medicine, and Public Health Professor Cleaveland Lauren Dunn
Biology, Medicine, and Public Health Professor Cleaveland Lauren Dunn History Relationship Human Health 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek- observed/described bacteria 3 shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirochete/spirillum
More informationAntibiotics in general practice
39 Antibiotics in general practice CHRISTOPHER BRIGHTMAN Christopher Brightman provides a brief account of the background to antibiotic treatment, describing those antibiotics that are most frequently
More informationConsequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrobial Resistance. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance. Topics to be Covered
Antimicrobial Resistance Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Change in the approach to the administration of empiric antimicrobial therapy Increased number of hospitalizations Increased length
More informationTopical Antibiotic Update. Brad Sutton, O.D., F.A.A.O. Indiana University School of Optometry Indianapolis Eye Care Center No financial disclosures
Topical Antibiotic Update Brad Sutton, O.D., F.A.A.O. Indiana University School of Optometry Indianapolis Eye Care Center No financial disclosures What do we have? We currently have many highly effective
More informationMID 23. Antimicrobial Resistance. Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Molecular Genetics of Antimicrobial Resistance Micro evolutionary change - point mutations Beta-lactamase mutation extends spectrum of the enzyme rpob gene (RNA polymerase) mutation
More information