Bacterial contamination of babies skin care products in Sudanese markets

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bacterial contamination of babies skin care products in Sudanese markets"

Transcription

1 Bacterial contamination of babies skin care products in Sudanese markets Yosra.T. Osman* 1, Mohammed Elfatih.A. Omar * 2 1. Department of Microbiology, faculty of pharmacy, Elrazi College for Medical and Technological Sciences, * Corresponding author by at bitmlookalneel@hotmail.com 2. Al Neelain University, faculty of pharmacy, Dean Office, *Corresponding author by phone Key words: contamination, skin care ABSTRACT Background: Infants are born with a developing epidermal barrier that is more permeable and more reactive to the environment. Babies skins are very susceptible to infection which may acquire through microbial contaminants in skin care products. Method: Bacteriological quality was examined for 93 babies skin care products, collected randomly from local Sudanese markets. The samples include 39 lotions, 45 talc powders and 9 shampoos, isolation of bacteria passed through many stages, started by inoculation of products into nutrient broth then cultured in selective media and identification of isolates confirmed by using biochemical tests. Results: The incidence of contamination recovered variable bacteria, Bacillus spp isolated from 39 samples (41.9% ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 16 (17.2% ), Gram negative rods isolated from 3 samples (3.22%), and a mixture of Gram negative rods and Gram positive rods isolated from 3 samples (3.22%), Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 4 samples (4.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from two samples (2.1%) and one sample was found to be contaminated by E.coli(1.07%). Conclusions: The results showed high incidence of bacterial contamination by potential hazardous microorganisms. Attention must be paid to microbial hazard analysis in critical control points to minimize risk of contamination to produce a product which is microbiologically acceptable. INTRODUCTION The functions of the skin remain essentially the same at all phases of life, including: physical barriers, photoprotection, thermoregulation, immune surveillance, hormonal synthesis, insensible fluid loss prevention and sensory perception (1). The skin of a newborn infant differs from adult skin in several ways that place infants at increased risk of thermal instability, skin damage, percutaneous infection and toxicity from topically applied agents. )2), Immaturity of the epidermal barrier in infant reduces defense against the excessive proliferation of microbes and makes skin more vulnerable to trauma and percutaneous drug toxicity (3). The vulnerability of preterm infant s skin to trauma as there is limited attachment of dermal to epidermal surface, the injured epidermis is a portal of entry of infectious agents, these issues cause difficulties with fluid homeostasis, thermoregulation, toxicity, and infections, As a result, there is greatly increased mortality in premature infants with impaired of skin s functions, generally due to microbial invasion (4); (5). Skin and mucous membranes are normally protected from microbial attack, however protective integuments may be damaged and slight trauma may be result, these situations 36

2 may be of particular concern when contaminated cosmetics are used in the mucocutaneous membranes or on damaged skin and when used by children under three years, elderly individuals and people showing compromised immune responses.(6) In infants during the first few days of life, the application of certain Gram-negative bacilli to the skin results in colonization and a proportion of the colonized bacteria developed serious infections and fatal generalized infections may include meningitis. The organisms that most commonly responsible of infections in the skin are Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, and Pseudomonads spp. (6). The overall level of contamination should not only be minimal, but Gram negative bacteria should also be absent in the finished product specially cosmetics use in the skin caring of babies and those used in and around the eyes. (7). Factors such as type of organisms and their virulence, the inoculum size of contaminants, degree of hydration of skin, beside host defense of consumer and presences of trauma or abrasion on skin determine the form of infections (8).There are few reported cases of children s infections due to using of contaminated babies cosmetics.early in 1946 an outbreak of tetanus killed four babies which referred to using contaminated talc powder by Clostridium tetani. (9) Many Studies performed in African countries showed high rate of contamination of cosmetics by Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Clostridium spp, Candida spp and Enterobacteriaceae besides fungi. The main objective of this study to determine the bacteriological quality of babies skin care products in the local markets by isolation, identification and enumeration of specified aerobic bacteria according British pharmacopeia. (10) METHODS A total of 93 samples of babies skin care were products collected randomly from local Sudanese markets, some of them purchased in packets while others were collected singly. The container s labels were recorded, they should include the name and address of manufacturer, ingredients, type of preservatives used, batch number, expiry dates and methods of using for consumers. Experimental 1 ml or 1 gram obtained from samples were added aseptically to 10 ml of nutrient broth, after twenty four hours of incubation a loopful from each nutrient broth tube showing growth was transferred to nutrient agar and then to selective media and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. The Gram stain technique was performed for colonies obtained from selective media used as cetrimide agar for identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mannitol Salt agar for Staphylococcus aureus. MacConkey agar for E.coli and XLD media for Salmonella. Nine biochemical tests were used to identify bacteria such as Calatase, coagulase and DNase for identification Gram positive cocci and Indole citrate, oxidase, triple sugars fermentation and MR/VP test were used for Gram negative rods bacteria.(10). Total bacterial counting 1gm or 1ml from skin care products was diluted in 9ml physiological saline. A ten -fold serial dilution was made and 1 ml of the second dilutions was inoculated on Plate of Count agar (PCA) in duplicates using the pour plate method. These plates were incubated at 37 C for 72 37

3 hrs then colonies counts were counted by colony counter. Results were expressed as colony forming unit per gram or ml (cfu/g or ml). RESULTS Out of 93 of samples studied, 43 samples lack batch numbers, 31 without expiry date and tree of preservatives were not written on the labels of products. Lack of batch/lot number should be viewed seriousness as post-marketing surveillance, hence recall, of the product would be difficult to carry out in case of defects. (11). The isolates recovered from these products were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp. The Bacillus spp, is the most frequently recovered organisms at the initial examination. The incidences of contamination vary between items. Talc powder was found to be more contaminated than aqueous products, 39 out of 45 samples was found to be contaminated. Bacillus spp isolated from 33 samples (73.3%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from 2 samples (4.4%).Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 3 samples (6.7%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from one sample (2.2%). Twenty six lotions out of 39 (66.6%) samples studied were found to be contaminated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from 12 samples (30.7%). Six samples were found to be contaminated with Bacillus spp. (15.3%). Three (7.6%) samples were contaminated with Gram negative rods, three samples (7.6%) by a mixture of Gram negative rods and Gram positive rods (Bacillus spp.), one sample (2.6%) by Staphylococcus aureus and one sample (2.6%) by coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. Two samples of shampoos were found to be contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%).One sample was found to be contaminated by E.coli out of nine samples tested. (11. 1%) Total bacterial counting Table No (1) the result of aerobic bacterial counting of lotions Number of samples Range of aerobic bacterial count Category x 10 2 CFU/ml Category x 10 2 CFU/ml Category x 10 2 CFU/ml shampoo Bacterial count number Numbers Category x 10 2 CFU/ml 3 Table No (2) the result of aerobic bacterial counting of talc powders Number of samples Range of aerobic bacterial count Category x 10 2 CFU/gram Category x 10 2 CFU/gram 38

4 Category x 10 2 CFU/gram Category 4 3 >300x10 2 CFU/gram Fig (1): Contamination of Talc powders by aerobic bacteria 39

5 Fig (2): Contamination of lotions by aerobic bacteria DISCUSSION There are few publications describing the quality of cosmetic products from developing countries but the available evidence suggests that contaminated products are more prevalent, although microbiological quality has generally been improved in recent years. (13). From all contaminants isolated from babies skin care products the presence of Gram negative bacteria particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa took most concern, it may cause otitis media, UTI, eye and skin infection, In USA a cross contamination cause outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections was referred to transmission of this bacteria to neonates from hand lotions used in hospitals.(12). Staphylococci commonly isolated from lotions, creams, moisturizing skin creams, (11) (13) (14), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are most common causes of skin infections. Skin infections cause Staphylococcus aureus is scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, abscesses, cellulites, carbuncles and furuncles, breakdown of the epidermis serves as the entry point for infectious organisms and may be caused by ulceration, trauma, peripheral vascular disease, or preexisting skin conditions that allow bacteria to gain access to deeper tissues, Staphylococcus aureus is capable to secreting several toxins, one of them is leukocidin, this cytotoxin causes destruction of leukocytes and tissue necrosis by inducing production of the potent chemotactic factors.(15) 40

6 Talc powders In this study isolation of bacteria from talc powders showed, three samples contain Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), only one contaminated by coagulase negative Staphylococci (2.2%) and two samples contain Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (4.4%), while the majority of bacteria isolated from 33 samples (73.3%). were belong to the Bacillus spp, The results showed difference in types of isolated bacteria, there is low incidence of contamination by Pseudomonas spp and high by Bacillus spp in dry talc powders. High rate of contamination by Gram positive spore forming rods (Bacillus spp) attributed to ability of these bacteria to tolerate desiccation, unlike Gram negative rods bacteria which cannot stand in desiccation.dry powders being mainly susceptible to contamination by Gram positive rods but occasionally by Gram negative rods.(16); (17). In Nigeria Danshen et al., (2011) studied microbial quality of talc powders and found that thirty (50%) of the samples tested were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, twelve (20%) were contaminated with Clostridium tetani and four (7%) were contaminated with Candida albicans. Bacillus spp. was also isolated from four (7%) samples while no Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from tested samples. (18). Comparing this study with our results, both studies showed low or absent isolation of Pseudomonas spp. while a high rate of Staphyloccous has been isolated from their samples comparing with Bacillus, and the vice versa in our results. Lotions In South Africa a study was conducted to determine the predominant microorganisms present in spoiled cosmetic creams. The products evaluated included facial creams and body lotions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter gergoviae were the most predominant bacteria. Of all the samples examined, approximately two third (69%) were microbiologically spoiled. (19). these results agreed with the results obtained from the present work. Twelve samples of lotions out of 39 (30.7%) have been examined and were found to be contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that is referred to the high content of water in these preparations which allow bacteria to grow and multiply, Pseudomonas aeruginosa generally prefer high water content so usually aqueous products encourage microbial growth.(19). Okeke and Lamikanra (2001) referred microbial contamination of creams and lotions by Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. to contamination of raw materials and water as well as the conditions prevalent in the environment where the products were manufactured. Presence of E.coli and other coliforms was due to poor sanitation and high temperatures which increase chance of coliforms to be found in water employed in the manufacture process. (15) Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the creams and lotions examined is a function of personnel hygiene, since human skin is a natural source of this organism (12). 41

7 In Nigeria Okeke and lamikarna (2001), Hugbo et al (2003) and (Osungunna, 2010). Conducted similar studies and all of them showed high incidence of contamination rate by Staphylococcus spp. The results in this study unlike results obtained from the three studies mentioned above; there is low incidence of contamination by Staphylococcus aureus and high by Bacillus spp.(14);(13);(11). Shampoos In the present study 9 shampoos were examined.two of them (22.2%) were found to be contaminated by Pseudomonas aeurginosa and one sample (11.1%) was found to be contaminated by E.coli, while 6 samples (66.6%) were not contaminated. Abdelaziz, A (1989) examined bacterial contamination of shampoos.the results showed predominant contamination by Staphylococcus spp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while no coliforms were recovered from shampoos. (20) Conclusions Cosmetics always are vulnerable to microbial contamination that attributed to the presence of water and raw materials which usually originate from plants or animals. The findings of this study conclude that babies cosmetics may contain harmful bacteria Presence of organisms such Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli in tested products are calling for attention for microbial contents. Microbiological quality of skin products must be controlled in each of the steps and events from the selection of raw materials to consumer use through product formulation, Thus Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) should be followed, raw materials and water should be tested microbiologically before use, beside using effective preservatives and detect packing and storage ways. It is necessary to carry out routine microbiological control tests for cosmetics after manufacturing and post marketing in order to ensure the quality and safety for customer. Acknowledgements: I would like to express my appreciation and gratefulness to my supervisor Prof/Asim Farouk Mustafa who Guide me patiently throughout the first steps of this research; I ask Alla for him mercy and forgiveness. My deep gratitude to Prof /Mohmmed Elfatih Ahmed Omer for his valuable assistance and generous help. REFERENCES 1. Fluhr, J., Darlenski, R., Taieb, A., Functional skin adaptation in infancy-almost complete but not fully competent, Expermental Dermatology. (2010), 19, Siegfried, E., Neonatal sermatology. Rudolph s Pediatrics, New York. The McGraw- Hill Companies, (2002); 21st edition Fernandes, J., Machado. M., Oliveira, Z., Children and newborn skin care and prevention, Anais brasileiros de dermatologia.( 2011), 86,

8 4. Darmstadt, G., Neonatal skin care. Pediatric Clinics of North America. (2000), 47, Shwayder, T., Akland T., Neonatal skin barrier: structure, function, and disorders. Dermatologic Therapy. (2005), 18, Parker, M., The clinical significance of the presence o f micro-organisms in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. (1972), 23, Baird, R., Bacteriological contamination of products used for skin care in babies International Journal of Cosmetics Science, (1984), 6, Marples, R., Local infection - experimental aspect. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. (1976), 27, Hill, S., The isolation of Clostridium tetani from infected talcs. NewZeland Medeical Journal. (1946), 45, British pharmacopoeia. Contamination of non sterile products. The Medicine and Health Care Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), UK., (2005). Volume IV Osungunna, M., Oluremi, B., & Adetuyi A., Bacteriological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacterial isolates from creams and lotions in hawked Sagamu, Ogun State. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition (2010), 9, Becks, V., & Lorenzoni, N. Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks in a neonatal intensive care unit: a possible link to contaminated hand lotions, American Journal of Infectious Control. (1995), 23, Hugbo, P., Onyekweli, A., & Igwe, I., Microbial contamination and preservative capacity of some brands of cosmetic creams. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2003), 2, Okeke, I. N. & Lamikanra, A.. Bacteriological quality of skin moisturizing creams and lotions distributed in a tropical developing country. Journal of Applied. Microbiology, (2001), 91, Suzanne J., & Maximo O., Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Hospital Physician, (2009), 26, Denyer, S., Baird, R., Guide to microbiological control in pharmaceutical and medical device. USA. CRC press, (2007), Second edition

9 17. Denyer, S., Hodges, N., & Gorman, S., Pharmaceutical microbiology, UK, Blackwell publishing. (2004), Seventh Edition, Danshen. M., Chollom. P., Okesclue. F.,. & Maji. M., Microbiological quality assessment of some brands of cosmetics powders sold within Jos Metropolis, Plateau State. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, (2011) 2, Anelich, L.E. & Korsten, L.Survey of micro-organisms associated with spoilage of cosmetic creams manufactured in South Africa. International Journal of Cosmetic Science (1995), 18, Abdelaziz, A. A., Ashour, M. S., Hefni, H. & el-tayeb, O. M. (A). Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in Egypt-shaving creams and shampoos. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (1989) 14,

Burn Infection & Laboratory Diagnosis

Burn Infection & Laboratory Diagnosis Burn Infection & Laboratory Diagnosis Introduction Burns are one the most common forms of trauma. 2 million fires each years 1.2 million people with burn injuries 100000 hospitalization 5000 patients die

More information

The Disinfecting Effect of Electrolyzed Water Produced by GEN-X-3. Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University

The Disinfecting Effect of Electrolyzed Water Produced by GEN-X-3. Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University The Disinfecting Effect of Electrolyzed Water Produced by GEN-X-3 Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Tae-yoon Choi ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The use of disinfectants

More information

MICRO-ORGANISMS by COMPANY PROFILE

MICRO-ORGANISMS by COMPANY PROFILE MICRO-ORGANISMS by COMPANY PROFILE 2017 1 SAPROPHYTES AND PATHOGENES SAPROPHYTES Not dangerous PATHOGENES Inducing diseases Have to be eradicated WHERE ARE THERE? EVERYWHERE COMPANY PROFILE 2017 3 MICROORGANISMS

More information

GeNei TM. Antibiotic Sensitivity. Teaching Kit Manual KT Revision No.: Bangalore Genei, 2007 Bangalore Genei, 2007

GeNei TM. Antibiotic Sensitivity. Teaching Kit Manual KT Revision No.: Bangalore Genei, 2007 Bangalore Genei, 2007 GeNei Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Teaching Kit Manual Cat No. New Cat No. KT68 106333 Revision No.: 00180705 CONTENTS Page No. Objective 3 Principle 3 Kit Description 4 Materials Provided 5 Procedure

More information

6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogenic microbes. Although

More information

Objectives. Basic Microbiology. Patient related. Environment related. Organism related 10/12/2017

Objectives. Basic Microbiology. Patient related. Environment related. Organism related 10/12/2017 Basic Microbiology Vaneet Arora, MD MPH D(ABMM) FCCM Associate Director of Clinical Microbiology, UK HealthCare Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kentucky

More information

Role of the nurse in diagnosing infection: The right sample, every time

Role of the nurse in diagnosing infection: The right sample, every time BROUGHT TO YOU BY Role of the nurse in diagnosing infection: The right sample, every time The module has been written by Shanika Anne-Marie Crusz and Amelia Joseph Authors affiliation: Department of Clinical

More information

Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease

Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 SECTION D SPRING 2012 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease BIPIN PATEL Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment Semester Begins JANUARY 09 TO MAY 04 2012 2900 D 4.00

More information

Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment

Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 SECTIONS C AND D Spring, 2011 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Office Hours: Before or after Class or by appointment Semester Begins on January 10, 2011 and ends on May 2,

More information

MICROBIOLOGY of RAW MILK

MICROBIOLOGY of RAW MILK MICROBIOLOGY of RAW MILK Introduction Milk and other dairy products are of superior quality and safety Milk Quality 00 29 49 69 89 99 Microbial in Raw Milk GENERAL ASPECTS Milk is a good source of nutrients

More information

Fluoroquinolones resistant Gram-positive cocci isolated from University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Fluoroquinolones resistant Gram-positive cocci isolated from University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017, 01(01), 001 005 Available online at GSC Online Press Directory GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences e-issn: 2581-3250, CODEN (USA): GBPSC2 Journal

More information

Study of Bacteriological Profile of Corneal Ulcers in Patients Attending VIMS, Ballari, India

Study of Bacteriological Profile of Corneal Ulcers in Patients Attending VIMS, Ballari, India International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 7 (2016) pp. 200-205 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.020

More information

Biological Threat Fact Sheets

Biological Threat Fact Sheets Biological Threat Fact Sheets Anthrax Agent: Bacillus anthracis There are three clinical forms of B. anthracis which are determined by route of entry: Pulmonary or Inhalation BT implications Cutaneous

More information

تقارير الدروس العملية

تقارير الدروس العملية وزارة التعليم جامعة الباحة كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية قسم طب المختبرات تقارير الدروس العملية مقرر أحياء دقيقة إكلينيكية الدكتور : شائع بن صالح المالكي 5341 ه -5341 ه Routine of Laboratory Diagnosis of

More information

2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time)

2 0 hr. 2 hr. 4 hr. 8 hr. 10 hr. 12 hr.14 hr. 16 hr. 18 hr. 20 hr. 22 hr. 24 hr. (time) Key words I μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ μ II Fig. 1. Microdilution plate. The dilution step of the antimicrobial agent is prepared in the -well microplate. Serial twofold dilution were prepared according

More information

BIOL 2900 D 4.00 Microbiology in Health/Disease

BIOL 2900 D 4.00 Microbiology in Health/Disease SYLLABUS BIOL 2900 - D Spring, 2017 Course: Microbiology in Health and Disease Instructor: Prafull C. Shah Office Hours: Before or after classes, or by appointment by Email to pcshah@valdosta.edu. Semester

More information

ANTIBIOGRAM OF MEATBORNE PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE GOAT MEAT

ANTIBIOGRAM OF MEATBORNE PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE GOAT MEAT wjpmr, 2018,4(9), 279-283 SJIF Impact Factor: 4.639 Umoafia et al. Research Article WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com WJPMR ANTIBIOGRAM OF MEATBORNE PATHOGENS

More information

Test Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Test Method Modified Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants

Test Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Test Method Modified Germicidal Spray Products as Disinfectants Study Title Antibacterial Activity and Efficacy of E-Mist Innovations' Electrostatic Sprayer Product with Multiple Disinfectants Method Modified Association of Analytical Communities Method 961.02 Modified

More information

International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access.

International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access. I J A P B International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access. ISSN: 2454-8375 COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MIC OF BRANDED

More information

TEST REPORT. Client: M/s Ion Silver AB. Loddekopinge. Sverige / SWEDEN. Chandran. min and 30 min. 2. E. coli. 1. S. aureus

TEST REPORT. Client: M/s Ion Silver AB. Loddekopinge. Sverige / SWEDEN. Chandran. min and 30 min. 2. E. coli. 1. S. aureus TEST REPORT TEST TYPE: Liquid Suspension Time Kill Study -Quantitative Test Based On ASTM 2315 TEST METHOD of Colloidal Silver Product at Contact time points: 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min

More information

Gram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia

Gram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia Medical microbiology Laboratory Lab 8 Gram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia Lecturer Maysam A Mezher Gram positive cocci 1-Staphylococcus. 2-Streptococcus. 3-Micrococcus The medically important

More information

Quality Milk. got milk? Milk Quality. Why Bacteria in Milk Matters. Bacteria in Milk. Milk.One of Mother Nature s Most Perfect Foods

Quality Milk. got milk? Milk Quality. Why Bacteria in Milk Matters. Bacteria in Milk. Milk.One of Mother Nature s Most Perfect Foods Milk.One of Mother Nature s Most Perfect Foods Why Bacteria in Milk Matters SP Oliver Dept. Animal Science The University of Tennessee http://www.tqml.utk.edu soliver@utk.edu got milk? Milk Quality Topic

More information

Quad Plate User s Manual

Quad Plate User s Manual A part of Eurofins DQCI SSGN - SSGNC Mastitis Culture Quad Plate User s Manual Eurofins Microbiology Laboratories / Eurofins DQCI Services 5205 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112 P: 763-785-0485 F: 763-785-0584

More information

COURSE SYLLABUS. (Clinical Bacteriology-1

COURSE SYLLABUS. (Clinical Bacteriology-1 COURSE SYLLABUS (Clinical Bacteriology- MLAB-47) COURSE SYLLABUS Course title: Clinical Bacteriology- Code: MLAB-47 Credit hours: 4 (3 Theory+ Practical) Name of faculty member: Dr. Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla

More information

OCCURRENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN POST-OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION

OCCURRENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN POST-OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION Original Article OCCURRENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN POST-OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION Oguntibeju OO 1 & Nwobu RAU 2 ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Post-Operative

More information

Treatment of Surgical Site Infection Meeting Quality Statement 6. Prof Peter Wilson University College London Hospitals

Treatment of Surgical Site Infection Meeting Quality Statement 6. Prof Peter Wilson University College London Hospitals Treatment of Surgical Site Infection Meeting Quality Statement 6 Prof Peter Wilson University College London Hospitals TEG Quality Standard 6 Treatment and effective antibiotic prescribing: People with

More information

HardyCHROM MRSA, Contact Plate

HardyCHROM MRSA, Contact Plate HardyCHROM MRSA, Contact Plate Cat. no. P14 HardyCHROM MRSA, Contact Plate, 15ml 10 plates/bag INTENDED USE HardyCHROM MRSA, Contact Plate is a chromogenic medium recommended for use in the cultivation

More information

Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in Teaching Hospitals, West Libya

Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in Teaching Hospitals, West Libya Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers in Teaching Hospitals, West Libya Ibtesam, O. Amer, Mohamed E. El-jilany, Fedaa M. Fahed & Morad A. Salem Medical laboratory, Faculty of Medical

More information

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Wound Infections

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Wound Infections Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (215) 4(12): 248-254 ISSN: 2319-776 Volume 4 Number 12 (215) pp. 248-254 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Sensitivity

More information

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Poultry Diseases/Veterinary Medicine

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Poultry Diseases/Veterinary Medicine Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Poultry Diseases/Veterinary Medicine The Master Degree in Poultry Diseases /Veterinary Medicine, is awarded by the Faculty of Graduate Studies at Jordan University

More information

BACTERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE NIGERIA

BACTERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE NIGERIA International Journal of Medical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Research, Volume2, Issue1, Jan-Jun-2018, pp 01-06, BACTERIAL ASSOCIATED WITH SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL,

More information

Microscopy Directions

Microscopy Directions Name: Exercise 1 Microscopy Focus each slide of bacteria under the microscope using oil immersion. Draw the arrangement of the bacterial cells in the larger portion of the circle and draw the shape of

More information

Overview of Infection Control and Prevention

Overview of Infection Control and Prevention Overview of Infection Control and Prevention Review of the Cesarean-section Antibiotic Prophylaxis Program in Jordan and Workshop on Rational Medicine Use and Infection Control Terry Green and Salah Gammouh

More information

Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran

Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran Letter to the Editor Detection and Quantitation of the Etiologic Agents of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Endotracheal Tube Aspirates From Patients in Iran Mohammad Rahbar, PhD; Massoud Hajia, PhD

More information

AVIAN PROBIOTIC AVI-CULTURE-2 REDUCES NEONATAL MORTALITY AND HELPS TO IMPROVE BREEDING PERFORMANCE DGTDVM-2012 by Dr Gianluca Todisco, DVM, PhD Italy

AVIAN PROBIOTIC AVI-CULTURE-2 REDUCES NEONATAL MORTALITY AND HELPS TO IMPROVE BREEDING PERFORMANCE DGTDVM-2012 by Dr Gianluca Todisco, DVM, PhD Italy AVIAN PROBIOTIC AVI-CULTURE-2 REDUCES NEONATAL MORTALITY AND HELPS TO IMPROVE BREEDING PERFORMANCE DGTDVM-2012 by Dr Gianluca Todisco, DVM, PhD Italy www.todvet.it The study was conducted during the 2012

More information

AHFA 2016 Regulatory Summit. Antimicrobial Material Preservatives & Sustainability Considerations

AHFA 2016 Regulatory Summit. Antimicrobial Material Preservatives & Sustainability Considerations Material AHFA 2016 Regulatory Summit Scientific and Regulatory Excellence Antimicrobial Material Preservatives & Sustainability Considerations Erin Tesch Technology Sciences Group Inc. (TSG) 1150 18 th

More information

17June2017. Parampal Deol, Ph.D, MBA Senior Director, R&D Microbiology North America

17June2017. Parampal Deol, Ph.D, MBA Senior Director, R&D Microbiology North America RAPID DETECTION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINANTS IN PLATELET COMPONENTS: COMPARISON OF TIME TO DETECTION BETWEEN THE BACT/ALERT 3D AND THE BACT/ALERT VIRTUO SYSTEMS. 17June2017 Parampal Deol, Ph.D, MBA Senior

More information

Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovinemastitis R. Lakshmi 1 and K.K. Jayavardhanan 2

Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovinemastitis R. Lakshmi 1 and K.K. Jayavardhanan 2 Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovinemastitis R. Lakshmi 1 and K.K. Jayavardhanan 2 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,

More information

Bacteriology and Mycology Course Specifications ( ) A. BASIC INFORMATION B. PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION

Bacteriology and Mycology Course Specifications ( ) A. BASIC INFORMATION B. PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION University: Damanhur Department: Microbiology Faculty: Veterinary Medicine Bacteriology and Mycology Course Specifications (2010-2011) Program(s) on which the course is given: BVSc Department offering

More information

MILK COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING MASTITIS

MILK COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING MASTITIS MASTITIS PA R T 2 MILK COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING MASTITIS Increased SCC Na Cl Whey protein (e.g. serum albumin, Ig, lactoferrin) Decreased Production α-lactalbumin & Lactose Casein K MILK LOSS LACTOFERRIN

More information

Medical bacteriology Lecture 8. Streptococcal Diseases

Medical bacteriology Lecture 8. Streptococcal Diseases Medical bacteriology Lecture 8 Streptococcal Diseases Streptococcus agalactiae Beat haemolytic Lancifield group B Regularly resides in human vagina, pharynx and large inine Can be transferred to infant

More information

Liofilchem Chromatic Chromogenic culture media for microbial identification and for the screening of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms

Liofilchem Chromatic Chromogenic culture media for microbial identification and for the screening of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms Liofilchem Chromatic Chromogenic culture media for microbial identification and for the screening of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms Microbiology Products since 1983 Liofilchem Chromatic ESBL Selective

More information

Guidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System

Guidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System Guidelines for Laboratory Verification of Performance of the FilmArray BCID System Purpose The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), passed in 1988, establishes quality standards for all laboratory

More information

Aerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune

Aerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune Original article Aerobic bacterial infections in a burns unit of Sassoon General Hospital, Pune Patil P, Joshi S, Bharadwaj R. Department of Microbiology, B.J. Medical College, Pune, India. Corresponding

More information

CultiControl. Technical Sheet 01

CultiControl. Technical Sheet 01 CultiControl Technical Sheet 01 CultiControl freeze-dried microorganisms Packaging: 1 vial containing 5 pellets Non-enumerated CFU Applications: Culture purposes, QC of ID devices, QC of AST devices Quanti-CultiControl

More information

J of Evolution of Med and Dent Sci/ eissn , pissn / Vol. 4/ Issue 27/ Apr 02, 2015 Page 4644

J of Evolution of Med and Dent Sci/ eissn , pissn / Vol. 4/ Issue 27/ Apr 02, 2015 Page 4644 STUDY OF BACTERIAL FLORA OF HANDS OF HEALTH CARE GIVERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN EASTERN INDIA Asim Sarfraz 1, Sayan Bhattacharyya 2, Mohammed Aftab Alam Ansari 3, Nitesh Kumar Jaiswal 4, Hema Roy

More information

Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit

Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 160-164 Drug resistance in relation to use of silver sulphadiazine cream in a burns unit KIM BRIDGES AND E. J. L. LOWBURY From the MRC Industrial Injuries and Burns Unit, Birmingham

More information

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Isolates in Wound Infections in Navi Mumbai, India

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Isolates in Wound Infections in Navi Mumbai, India British Microbiology Research Journal 1(4): 1-6, 215, Article no.bmrj.5414 ISSN: 2231-886 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Isolates

More information

Course Curriculum for Master Degree Theriogenology & Artificial Insemination/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Course Curriculum for Master Degree Theriogenology & Artificial Insemination/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Course Curriculum for Master Degree Theriogenology & Artificial Insemination/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine The Master Degree in Theriogenology & Artificial Insemination /Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

More information

Presented at Central Veterinary Conference, Kansas City, MO, August 2013; Copyright 2013, P.L Ruegg, all rights reserved

Presented at Central Veterinary Conference, Kansas City, MO, August 2013; Copyright 2013, P.L Ruegg, all rights reserved MILK MICROBIOLOGY: IMPROVING MICROBIOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR DAIRY FARMS Pamela L. Ruegg, DVM, MPVM, University of WI, Dept. of Dairy Science, Madison WI 53705 Introduction In spite of considerable progress

More information

Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil of Kathmandu valley and assessment of their antimicrobial activities

Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil of Kathmandu valley and assessment of their antimicrobial activities International Journal of Microbiology and Allied Sciences (IJOMAS) ISSN: 2382-5537 May 2016, 2(4):22-26 IJOMAS, 2016 Research Article Page: 22-26 Isolation of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from soil

More information

Antibiotic Update 2.0, 2017

Antibiotic Update 2.0, 2017 Case Study 3: My patient has positive blood culture, should I start antibiotic STAT? Ooi Mong How Antibiotic Update 2.0 2017 11-12 March 2017 Sarawak General Hospital A 3-day-old male infant Full term,

More information

AviagenBrief. Best Practice Management in the Absence of Antibiotics at the Hatchery. October Aviagen Veterinary Team.

AviagenBrief. Best Practice Management in the Absence of Antibiotics at the Hatchery. October Aviagen Veterinary Team. AviagenBrief October 2017 Best Practice Management in the Absence of Antibiotics at the Hatchery Aviagen Veterinary Team Introduction In light of increased antibiotic resistance, and as consumer pressure

More information

6. STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS

6. STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS VRESelect 63751 A selective and differential chromogenic medium for the qualitative detection of gastrointestinal colonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium () and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

More information

CHAPTER 18 THE COCCI OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. Learning Objectives

CHAPTER 18 THE COCCI OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE. Learning Objectives CHAPTER 18 THE COCCI OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE Gram-positive and gram-negative cocci that cause infection are presented. The difference between commensal and pathogenic strains is explained, because many of

More information

Mastitis: Background, Management and Control

Mastitis: Background, Management and Control New York State Cattle Health Assurance Program Mastitis Module Mastitis: Background, Management and Control Introduction Mastitis remains one of the most costly diseases of dairy cattle in the US despite

More information

The Search For Antibiotics BY: ASLEY, ELIANA, ISABELLA AND LUNISCHA BSC1005 LAB 4/18/2018

The Search For Antibiotics BY: ASLEY, ELIANA, ISABELLA AND LUNISCHA BSC1005 LAB 4/18/2018 The Search For Antibiotics BY: ASLEY, ELIANA, ISABELLA AND LUNISCHA BSC1005 LAB 4/18/2018 The Need for New Antibiotics Antibiotic crisis An antibiotic is a chemical that kills bacteria. Since the 1980s,

More information

BACTERIOLOGICALL STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS ON MOBILES AND STETHOSCOPES USED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN EMERGENCY AND ICU S

BACTERIOLOGICALL STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS ON MOBILES AND STETHOSCOPES USED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN EMERGENCY AND ICU S Research Article Harika A,, 2013; Volume 2(3): 290-297 ISSN: 2277-8713 BACTERIOLOGICALL STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS ON MOBILES AND STETHOSCOPES USED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN EMERGENCY AND ICU S HARIKAA A,

More information

n Am I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECH n 0 LOGY

n Am I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECH n 0 LOGY n Am I B I A U n IVE RS ITV OF SCIEnCE AnD TECH n 0 LOGY FACULTY OF HEALTH AND APPLIED SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES QUALIFICATION CODE: SOBBMS LEVEL:

More information

Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants.

Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. Q1. (a) Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that is present in the gut of up to 3% of healthy adults and 66% of healthy infants. C. difficile rarely causes problems, either in healthy adults or in infants.

More information

VPM 201-Lab 6 Bovine Mastitis, Bacillus & Mastitis (2012)

VPM 201-Lab 6 Bovine Mastitis, Bacillus & Mastitis (2012) Exercise 1. Bovine mastitic milk sample A. Note relevant images are on next page Sample A is Staphylococcus aureus Moderate size (1.0 mm), circular, convex, cream-to-light yellow, opaque Double-zone (target)

More information

Microbial Hazards in Dairy Industry Ceren Zeytinci

Microbial Hazards in Dairy Industry Ceren Zeytinci Ceren Zeytinci cerenzeytinci@hotmail.com 1 After completing this course, the participants know about the microorganisms that are threating the dairy industry. They are capable of eliminating and preventing

More information

Determination of antibiotic sensitivities by the

Determination of antibiotic sensitivities by the Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1978, 31, 531-535 Determination of antibiotic sensitivities by the Sensititre system IAN PHILLIPS, CHRISTINE WARREN, AND PAMELA M. WATERWORTH From the Department of Microbiology,

More information

SURVIVABILITY OF HIGH RISK, MULTIRESISTANT BACTERIA ON COTTON TREATED WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

SURVIVABILITY OF HIGH RISK, MULTIRESISTANT BACTERIA ON COTTON TREATED WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SURVIVABILITY OF HIGH RISK, MULTIRESISTANT BACTERIA ON COTTON TREATED WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Adrienn Hanczvikkel 1, András Vígh 2, Ákos Tóth 3,4 1 Óbuda University, Budapest,

More information

LOOKING FOR PROFITS IN MILK QUALITY

LOOKING FOR PROFITS IN MILK QUALITY LOOKING FOR PROFITS IN MILK QUALITY Richard L. Wallace TAKE HOME MESSAGES Begin monitoring milk quality practices by recording bulk tank data, DHIA somatic cell count (SCC) information, and clinical mastitis

More information

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON MICROBIAL LOAD OF SHEEP MEAT

EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON MICROBIAL LOAD OF SHEEP MEAT SALEEM ET AL (2015), FUUAST J. BIOL., 5(2): 257-261 257 EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON MICROBIAL LOAD OF SHEEP MEAT *FAIZA SALEEM 1, NOSHABA RANI 1, FARAH RAUF SHAKOORI 2, MAHWISH AFTAB 1, ROHEENA ABDULLAH

More information

4.5. Special precautions for use Special precautions to be taken by person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

4.5. Special precautions for use Special precautions to be taken by person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals 1.B1. SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT AMOXYCOL Soluble Powder 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances: Amoxicillin trihydrate 640.0

More information

Interpretation of Bulk Tank Milk Results

Interpretation of Bulk Tank Milk Results Interpretation of Bulk Tank Milk Results Introduction Culturing bulk tank milk (BTM) to monitor milk quality has limitations based on the amount and frequency of sampling and the amount and types of microorganisms

More information

Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria Isolated from

Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria Isolated from APPuE MICROBIOLOGY, Nov. 969, p. 98-94 VoL 8, No. 5 Copyright 969 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Incidence of Infectious Drug Resistance Among Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria Isolated

More information

For the use only of Registered Medical Practitioners or a Hospital or a Laboratory NEOSPORIN SKIN / ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT

For the use only of Registered Medical Practitioners or a Hospital or a Laboratory NEOSPORIN SKIN / ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT For the use only of Registered Medical Practitioners or a Hospital or a Laboratory NEOSPORIN SKIN / ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Bacitracin Zinc Ointment / Ophthalmic Ointment

More information

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Internal Medicine/ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Internal Medicine/ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Internal Medicine/ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine The Master Degree in Internal Medicine/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine is awarded by the Faculty of Graduate Studies

More information

Bacteria in chicken rolls sold by fast food restaurant and their public health significance

Bacteria in chicken rolls sold by fast food restaurant and their public health significance The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2015) 32 (1) : 13 18 Bacteria in chicken rolls sold by fast food restaurant and their public health significance S Sultana, MA Islam and MM Khatun* 1 Department of Microbiology

More information

Originally posted February 13, Update: March 26, 2018

Originally posted February 13, Update: March 26, 2018 UPDATED: FDA Investigates Pattern of Contamination in Certain Raw Pet Foods Made by Arrow Reliance Inc., Including Darwin s Natural Pet Products and ZooLogics Pet Food Originally posted February 13, 2018

More information

Classification of Bacteria

Classification of Bacteria Classification of Bacteria MICROBIOLOGY -TAXONOMY Taxonomy is the system to classify living organisms Seven groups kingdom, phylum or div, class, order, family, genus, species Binomial system of nomenclature

More information

Similar to Penicillins: -Chemically. -Mechanism of action. -Toxicity.

Similar to Penicillins: -Chemically. -Mechanism of action. -Toxicity. Similar to Penicillins: -Chemically. -Mechanism of action. -Toxicity. Cephalosporins are divided into Generations: -First generation have better activity against gram positive organisms. -Later compounds

More information

Isolation of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Study of their Drug Susceptibility Patterns

Isolation of Urinary Tract Pathogens and Study of their Drug Susceptibility Patterns International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 5 Number 4 (2016) pp. 897-903 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.504.101

More information

Infection Linelist. Infections Occurred Between 10/1/ :00:00 AM To 11/1/ :00:00 AM 2RCW2. Gastroenteritis (Adult) Urinary Tract

Infection Linelist. Infections Occurred Between 10/1/ :00:00 AM To 11/1/ :00:00 AM 2RCW2. Gastroenteritis (Adult) Urinary Tract Infection Linelist Infections Occurred Between 10/1/2013 12:00:00 AM To 11/1/2013 12:00:00 AM 2RCW2 10/9/13 02407693 36890294 2094 1 32 M CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE 10/26/13 99342791 37024716 2046 1 42 M CLOSTRIDIUM

More information

Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 2(6): , 2014, Article no. OR SCIENCEDOMAIN international

Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 2(6): , 2014, Article no. OR SCIENCEDOMAIN international Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 2(6): 378-383, 2014, Article no. OR.2014.6.012 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org The Etiology and Antibiogram of Bacterial Causes of Conjunctivitis

More information

Antibiotics in the future tense: The Application of Antibiotic Stewardship in Veterinary Medicine. Mike Apley Kansas State University

Antibiotics in the future tense: The Application of Antibiotic Stewardship in Veterinary Medicine. Mike Apley Kansas State University Antibiotics in the future tense: The Application of Antibiotic Stewardship in Veterinary Medicine Mike Apley Kansas State University Changes in Food Animal Antibiotic Use How the uses of antibiotics in

More information

On- farm milk culture training workshop

On- farm milk culture training workshop On- farm milk culture training workshop Chris-na Petersson- Wolfe Department of Dairy Science Virginia Tech The right drug for the right bug Different bugs respond to different treatments Antibiotic sensitivities

More information

EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING

EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING CHN61: EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE (ESBL) TESTING 1.1 Introduction A common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production

More information

Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern. Antibiotic resistance is not new 3/21/2011

Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern. Antibiotic resistance is not new 3/21/2011 Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic Resistance: A Growing Concern Judy Ptak RN MSN Infection Prevention Practitioner Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH Occurs when a microorganism fails to respond

More information

SYMMETRY FOAMING HAND SANITIZER with Aloe & Vitamin E Technical Data

SYMMETRY FOAMING HAND SANITIZER with Aloe & Vitamin E Technical Data 508 SYMMETRY FOAMING HAND SANITIZER with Aloe & Vitamin E Technical Data Physical Properties Active Ingredient: Ethyl Alcohol 62% (70% v/v) Appearance: Clear, Colorless Solution Fragrance: Floral Form:

More information

Post-operative surgical wound infection

Post-operative surgical wound infection Med. J. Malaysia Vol. 45 No. 4 December 1990 Post-operative surgical wound infection Yasmin Abu Hanifah, MBBS, MSc. (London) Lecturer Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University

More information

On-farm milk culture training workshop. Christina Petersson-Wolfe Department of Dairy Science Virginia Tech

On-farm milk culture training workshop. Christina Petersson-Wolfe Department of Dairy Science Virginia Tech On-farm milk culture training workshop Christina Petersson-Wolfe Department of Dairy Science Virginia Tech The right drug for the right bug Different bugs respond to different treatments Antibiotic sensitivities

More information

Vaccination as a potential strategy to combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the elderly

Vaccination as a potential strategy to combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the elderly Vaccination as a potential strategy to combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the elderly Wilbur Chen, MD, MS 22-23 March 2017 WHO meeting on Immunization of the Elderly The Problem Increasing consumption

More information

Chapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine

Chapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine Chapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine 8.1. ABSTRACT The present work ascertain the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of callus

More information

Enteric Bacteria. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan

Enteric Bacteria. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan Enteric Bacteria Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan Enteric Bacteria General Characteristics: Gram-ve Bacilli, Facultative Anaerobes, Intestinal Normal Flora.. Humans, Animals,

More information

Enterobacter aerogenes

Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter sp. Enterobacter sp. Species: Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter agglomerans Enterobacter cloacae causes UTI, enterotoxigenic Often found in the normal intestinal flora,

More information

Campylobacter species

Campylobacter species ISSUE NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 2011 1. What are Campylobacter spp.? Campylobacter spp. are microaerophilic, Gram-negative, spiral shaped cells with corkscrew-like motility. They are the most common cause of bacterial

More information

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and

Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere

More information

ANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS

ANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS ANTIBIOTICS: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS PHM025D March 2016 Neha Maliwal Project Analyst ISBN: 1-62296-252-4 BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA 02481 USA 866-285-7215 (toll-free

More information

Epidemiology and Economics of Antibiotic Resistance

Epidemiology and Economics of Antibiotic Resistance Epidemiology and Economics of Antibiotic Resistance Eili Y. Klein February 17, 2016 Health Watch USA Meeting I. The burden of antibiotic resistance is a growing global threat, but hard numbers are lacking

More information

The Spread of the Superbug

The Spread of the Superbug The Spread of the Superbug AST staff As technology continues to allow scientists to make medical advances that once were considered difficult, new threats to public health are rising. Superbugs are deadly

More information

Interrupting The ECMO Circuit

Interrupting The ECMO Circuit Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program Interrupting The ECMO Circuit Mark Lucas, MPS, CCP, ECMO Coordinator Leo Carr, MS, CCP, Lead Perfusionist Objectives Discuss the need for interrupting the ECMO

More information

The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Vaccines

The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Vaccines The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Vaccines GALVMED/OIE STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP ON THE HARMONISATION OF THE REGISTRATION OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA 9-11 MAY 2017

More information

Cleaning & Sanitising Medical range. Working in harmony with nature to protect

Cleaning & Sanitising Medical range. Working in harmony with nature to protect Cleaning & Sanitising Medical range Working in harmony with nature to protect Introduction Hospitals, nursing homes and similar establishments are now acknowledged to have a major pathogenic problem Methicillin

More information

Curriculum Vitae. : AlBaha University, faculty of Science.

Curriculum Vitae. : AlBaha University, faculty of Science. Curriculum Vitae Personal Data : Name : Layla Ismail Mohamed Nationality : Sudanese Present Position Held: Associate Professor Address Academic Qualification: : AlBaha University, faculty of Science. E-mail:

More information

The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Veterinary Medicinal Products

The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Veterinary Medicinal Products The OIE Relevant Standards and Guidelines for Veterinary Medicinal Products REGIONAL SEMINAR OIE NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS FOR VETERINARY PRODUCTS EZULWINI, SWAZILAND, 6-8 DECEMBER 2017 Dr Mária Szabó OIE

More information

E-BOOK # BACTERIAL DISEASES IN HUMANS EBOOK

E-BOOK # BACTERIAL DISEASES IN HUMANS EBOOK 15 November, 2017 E-BOOK # BACTERIAL DISEASES IN HUMANS EBOOK Document Filetype: PDF 475.49 KB 0 E-BOOK # BACTERIAL DISEASES IN HUMANS EBOOK Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or

More information