Vol. 24, No. 5 May Animal Care Center of Sonoma County Sonoma, California Marcia L. Aubin, DVM, MS*

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Vol. 24, No. 5 May Animal Care Center of Sonoma County Sonoma, California Marcia L. Aubin, DVM, MS*"

Transcription

1 Vol. 24, No. 5 May CE Article #5 (1.5 contact hours) Refereed Peer Review Comments? Questions? compendium@medimedia.com Web: VetLearn.com Fax: KEY FACTS Achieving adequate sedation and muscle relaxation before administering an anesthetic induction agent is essential for a smooth transition from standing to recumbency. Unless respiratory support is provided, duration of intravenous anesthesia should be limited. Patient monitoring and support can minimize the incidence of anesthetic-related complications. Field Anesthetic Techniques for Use in Horses Animal Care Center of Sonoma County Sonoma, California Marcia L. Aubin, DVM, MS* Colorado State University Khursheed Mama, DVM, DACVA ABSTRACT: Smooth induction to and recovery from anesthesia are essential for the safety of the horse and all personnel involved. Adverse cardiorespiratory effects should be minimized during recumbency. Inducing and maintaining anesthetic recumbency in an ambulatory setting are best achieved using a combination of drugs. Although phenothiazine tranquilizers such as acepromazine may be used, sedation and muscle relaxation are usually achieved using α 2 -agonists either alone or in combination with benzodiazepine or guaifenesin. Dissociative agents are most often used for induction and short-term maintenance of anesthesia. Thiopental and propofol are also available, but adverse behavioral characteristics associated with their use make them less desirable. Inducing and maintaining recumbency in horses are important when performing short surgical or diagnostic procedures in the field, such as castration, laceration repair, enucleation, tendonectomy, or splint-bone excision. However, in horses, recumbency presents some unique concerns because of gravitational effects on ventilation, perfusion, and cardiac output. 1 Oxygen supplementation and the ability to provide ventilatory support are ideal, but intravenous (IV) anesthesia has been safely used for up to 60 minutes without these supportive measures, which are often unavailable in an ambulatory practice. 2 In a field setting, anesthetic induction and recovery must be smooth to avoid injuring attending personnel or the horse (Figure 1). An adequate plane of anesthesia and analgesia must also be achieved to facilitate surgical manipulations. Because no single anesthetic agent has proven to be ideal, a combination of agents that either work synergistically or balance undesirable effects is used. PREINDUCTION SEDATION Providing adequate sedation before administering anesthesia is critical to achieve smooth induction and may reduce the required dose of the induction agent. 2 The α 2 -agonists xylazine, detomidine (Table 1), and romifidine have * Dr. Aubin was affiliated with Colorado State University when this paper was written.

2 412 Equine Compendium May A 1B 1C 1D Figure 1 Sedation (A) and induction of anesthesia (B, C, D, and E) are shown. The horse is assisted during the transition from standing to recumbency. A grassy surface provides good footing for anesthetic recovery. The images shown are not of the same horse. 1E largely replaced acepromazine for preanesthetic sedation because they have more reliable sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. 2,3 Acepromazine is an effective tranquilizer but does not provide analgesia and may cause significant hypotension. α 2 -Agonists are also more effective in combating the muscle hypertonicity and excitement associated with dissociative drugs often used to induce anesthesia. 3 The α 2 -agonists are differentiated by their affinity for α 2 - versus α 1 -adrenergic receptors. 4 6 Adrenoceptor pharmacology is complex and beyond the scope of this article; α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist actions generally have an inhibitory effect on the release of various neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine. 7 α 2 -Adrenoceptors have been identified in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, uterus, kidney, vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, and platelets. 5 Inhibition of norepinephrine release produces sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. 5,7 Less-desirable effects include hypotension, inhibition of sympathetic tone, and bradycardia. 5 Agonists with the greatest affinity also have the longest duration of action and are the most potent. 4 Detomidine and romifidine are more potent than xylazine, having a much lower effective dose and longer duration of action. Although all three drugs provide comparable sedation in horses, romifidine is associated with more prolonged effects than either detomidine or xylazine. 8 There is an apparent ceiling effect for sedation; increasing the dose of detomidine may improve analgesia but doing so fails to provide a concomitant increase in sedation, although the duration of effect is longer. 9 At equipotent doses, all α 2 -agonists have similar cardiopulmonary effects, including initial hypertension followed by prolonged hypoten-

3 Compendium May 2002 Field Anesthetic Techniques 413 Table 1. Injectable Drug Combinations to Sedate and Induce Anesthesia in Healthy Adult Horses Approximate Duration Drug Combination Dose (mg/kg) Route of Recumbency (min) Xylazine 1 or 2 IV or IM Xylazine or 1 2 IV or IM Diazepam IV Xylazine or 1 2 IV or IM Guaifenesin IV Xylazine 1 IV Butorphanol IV Xylazine 1 IV Morphine IV Detomidine 0.02 IV Detomidine 0.02 IV Tiletamine/zolazepam 1 2 IV Xylazine 0.5 IV Guaifenesin IV Propofol 2 IV sion, initial bradycardia, dysrhythmia, decreased cardiac output, and mild respiratory depression. 8 Singh and colleagues 10 reported a decrease in GI motility for 3 to 6 hours after xylazine administration. It is plausible, although not documented, that the influence on motility may be greater with such drugs as detomidine because of a longer duration of action. The potential contribution of two drugs in predisposing a horse to develop colic has not been comprehensively addressed, but the usefulness of assessing GI motility in colicky horses receiving these drugs may be limited. Diuresis has been reported after administration of α 2 - adrenergic agonists and may result from osmotic diuresis caused by hyperglycemia or inhibition of antidiuretic hormone. 3,11 Exacerbation of dehydration or hypovolemia is therefore possible, especially with the use of longer-acting α 2 -agonists. 11,12 Xylazine, which has been widely used as a sedative and preinduction agent in horses, provides sedation within 5 minutes of IV administration This agent has been used as an IV premedicant before induction with thiobarbiturates, 2 dissociative agents, and propofol. 17 Intramuscular administration of higher doses approximately 20 minutes before induction may be an alternative in fractious horses. 18 Detomidine has also been used with various induction agents but apparently has little advantage over xylazine for preanesthetic sedation. 13,14,19 Because of the increased relative potency and prolonged duration of effect for detomidine, residual sedation and ataxia may be observed. 13,14 Intravenous administration of detomidine 15 to 25 minutes before induction has been suggested because of a delayed onset of peak sedation. Romifidine is also more potent than xylazine and has been used in conjunction with dissociative agents. 20,21 Similar to detomidine, residual sedation can occur but with minimal ataxia. 21 When these agonist drugs do not provide adequate sedation or when the dose needs to be reduced, they may be combined with other drugs. Although they are infrequently used alone to provide tranquilization before anesthetic induction, phenothiazine tranquilizers (e.g., acepromazine) are occasionally combined with α 2 -agonists to enhance sedation. These tranquilizers also provide a potentially beneficial antiarrhythmic effect when used in combination with potent α 2 -agonists. Many opioids, including morphine and butorphanol, may also be used in conjunction with these agonists to augment the degree and duration of sedation and analgesia in horses. 2,22 Because opioids cause excitatory behaviors when administered alone, they are generally given with sedative or tranquilizing drugs. Other side effects include GI ileus and changes in respiratory function. Opioids are controlled substances, and accurate records must therefore be kept. ANESTHETIC AGENTS Induction In North America, the thiobarbiturates were once the mainstay of anesthetic induction but have been largely replaced by newer agents for field anesthesia primarily because of unpredictable inductions and prolonged ataxic recoveries. In horses, contemporary induction protocols include dissociative agents and, to a limited extent, propofol. Of the available dissociative agents, ketamine has become the most widely used. Dissociative anesthetics produce sedation and analgesia by interrupting ascending transmission from the unconscious to the conscious parts of the brain while producing a cataleptoid state. The onset of effect is rapid; and when used in conjunction with α 2 -agonists, induction

4 414 Equine Compendium May 2002 and recovery are generally smooth Duration of anesthesia is approximately 15 to 20 minutes. 16 The cardiovascular effects of the agonists are to some degree offset by ketamine. Muir and colleagues 16 demonstrated that mean arterial blood pressure in 26 horses was maintained despite xylazine-induced bradycardia and initial hypotension. An apneustic respiratory pattern characterized by a pause following inspiration is common. 23 Skeletal muscle movement and hypertonus occur to varying degrees. 23,24 Adequate sedation before induction is essential with the dissociatives to avoid using higher doses, which are more likely to result in excitatory effects, including rough inductions, inadequate anesthesia, and stormy recoveries. 16,20 Tiletamine/zolazepam (Telazol, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA) a combination of a more potent, longer-acting dissociative agent (tiletamine) and the benzodiazepine zolazepam has been used in combination with xylazine and detomidine in horses. 13,24 26 Prolonged and rough recoveries have been reported with xylazine and tiletamine/zolazepam in ponies 24 and horses. 25,26 Smoother recoveries in horses may be achieved by adding butorphanol to xylazine or by using detomidine before tiletamine/zolazepam induction. 24,26 Duration of anesthesia (i.e., 30 to 40 minutes) is longer with a combination of detomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam than with combined xylazine ketamine. 24 Propofol is a popular induction agent in small animals because its rather unique pharmacokinetics provide both rapid and smooth induction and recovery. Its primary drawbacks are lack of shelf life after the vials have been opened and cost. Because of potential contamination, an open vial of propofol should be discarded within 24 hours. At current prices, an induction dose of propofol for a 500-kg horse costs approximately $50. In two separate studies 27,28 evaluating propofol alone and propofol combined with xylazine or detomidine, Mama and colleagues observed a wide range of anesthetic inductions. Matthews and colleagues 29 also noted initial excitement in some horses after detomidine premedication but found it was alleviated with slower (greater than 2 minutes) administration of propofol. The addition of guaifenesin to combined detomidine/propofol produced smooth induction and recovery and afforded less respiratory depression and a 25% decrease in the propofol dose. 30 Recovery quality reported for all horses in these studies was good to excellent. Given the risk of injury to the horse during anesthetic recovery, propofol may offer some advantage in high-risk patients. Appropriate respiratory support is highly recommended because decreases in respiratory rate, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia are common after induction with propofol Muscle Relaxants In an effort to improve skeletal muscle relaxation and facilitate smoother transition to recumbency during anesthetic induction, guaifenesin and diazepam are often added to the induction protocol. Guaifenesin is a central-acting skeletal muscle relaxant with mild sedative and negligible cardiopulmonary effects. 2 Predictable muscle relaxation and smoother transition from standing to recumbency are reported with guaifenesin use during induction with ketamine 15,31 33 or propofol. 30 Adding guaifenesin to the induction protocol also reduces the dose of induction agent needed and therefore helps minimize drug-related side effects. 2,30 When administering guaifenesin, an IV catheter is highly recommended to prevent extravasation (and resultant tissue damage) of the relatively large volume of drug needed to achieve the desired effect. Solutions with a concentration of less than 10% are suggested to avoid hemolysis. Diazepam, another central-acting muscle relaxant, may also be used as part of the anesthetic induction protocol. The agent is most often used with xylazine and/or ketamine because it provides good muscle relaxation comparable with that of guaifenesin with minimal cardiopulmonary depression and smaller injection volume. 32 However, diazepam is a controlled drug with the potential for abuse by humans. Therefore, maintaining accurate records is necessary. ANESTHETIC MAINTENANCE Options for maintaining longer anesthetic recumbency are available. Generally, these revolve around using longeracting drugs or repeating administration of short-acting drugs. For repeated drug administration, either a bolus or infusion technique may be used. Infusion technique should not be used until after considering the individual drug effects and duration of action. As previously mentioned, recumbency induced with combined xylazine ketamine lasts approximately 15 to 20 minutes, whereas a combination of detomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam provides recumbency for almost twice that duration. In either case, recumbency may be prolonged using additional drug. Most often, and in an effort to provide more control and less residual ataxia, shorter-acting drugs such as xylazine and ketamine are used. Although the dose varies among individuals and is often based on experience, approximately one third of both drugs may be administered if a horse is responding to stimulus and repeated as needed with the understanding that recovery time may increase and recovery quality may be compromised. Because recumbency is being prolonged, appropriate support and monitoring should be provided. Another option for prolonging recumbency is to use

5 Compendium May 2002 Field Anesthetic Techniques 415 a combination of guaifenesin (50 to 100 mg/kg), an α 2 - agonist (e.g., 1 mg/kg xylazine), and ketamine (1 to 2 mg/kg). 15,31 This is commonly referred to as triple drip and may be used to maintain anesthesia for procedures lasting up to 90 minutes, although 45 to 60 minutes is the recommended safe time limit. 2 Although this combination is effective, caution must be taken to prevent guaifenesin overdose, which is believed to occur at approximately 200 mg/kg. This precaution is especially important because early toxicity is manifested as increased muscle rigidity, which may be misdiagnosed as a lightly anesthetized patient. SUPPORT AND MONITORING Providing support and monitoring signs of anesthesia in nonhospital situations pose challenges, but their importance cannot be overemphasized, especially in high-risk patients or when recumbency will be prolonged. Attention to proper padding and positioning of patients, including pulling the lower forelimb forward, supporting the upper limbs, removing the halter or padding the halter buckle, and protecting the eyes, can facilitate a good outcome and should be practiced, regardless of the length of proposed recumbency. Basic monitoring of heart and respiratory rates is necessary. Although the heart rate decreases after α 2 -agonist administration, it generally returns to normal after a dissociative drug is administered. An irregular and apneustic respiratory pattern, characterized by an inspiratory pause, is common with α 2 -agonist dissociative drug combinations. As the anesthetic depth becomes lighter during drug-induced recumbency, respiration becomes more regular and forceful. When assessing anesthetic depth, this change in respiratory pattern may be more useful than monitoring eyelid reflexes, which are often maintained after a dissociative drug is administered. In adult horses, oxygen supplementation, which is desirable in all recumbent equine patients because hypoxemia is common, is accomplished by insufflating 10 to 15 L/min of oxygen nasally. Oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended in patients with respiratory compromise, in recumbency for longer than 20 to 30 minutes, or anesthetized at high altitude. The need for ventilatory support is less common when using α 2 -agonist dissociative drug combinations, but the ability to intubate and ventilate patients in the event of an unforeseen complication increases the likelihood of a positive outcome. Assessing both systolic blood pressure by Doppler and mean arterial pressure using an aneroid manometer can be useful in compromised patients. When using injectable anesthetic techniques, mean blood pressure generally ranges from approximately 80 to 160 mm Hg in horses. If lower pressures are recorded, the anesthetic plane should be reevaluated and IV fluids administered. RECOVERY Anesthetic recovery in the field creates risks of injury to the horse and attending personnel. A quiet, preferably dark environment with good footing is essential. When possible, recovery should be on either grass or sand because either medium provides comfortable footing and a natural environment (Figure 1). Covering the horse s eyes with a towel or cloth keeps the environment dark and may prevent the horse from prematurely attempting to stand. In general, horses induced with xylazine and ketamine experience smooth recoveries, characterized by a roll to sternal recumbency and a single attempt to stand. However, assistance at the head and tail may be provided if necessary. SUMMARY Intravenous anesthesia in the field can be accomplished using a variety of anesthetic agent combinations. No single anesthetic agent or combination of agents has been devoid of undesirable effects. An ideal protocol, with each anesthetic completely balancing the negative effects of the other, does not currently exist. Inducing recumbency in a 500-kg horse in less than ideal conditions is, therefore, a challenge. Individual variations in response to anesthetics add complexity. Recent advances in the development of anesthetic drugs and drug combinations afford veterinarians more options than before, but field anesthesia in horses remains challenging as the quest for an ideal anesthetic continues. REFERENCES 1. Gillespie JR, Tyler WS, Hall LW: Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses. Am J Vet Res 30: 61 72, Hubbell JA: Horses, in Thurmon J, Tranquilli W, Benson G (eds): Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, pp England GCW, Clarke KW: Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists in the horse A review. Br Vet J 152: , Dart CM: Advantages and disadvantages of using alpha-2 agonists in veterinary practice. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 21: , Paddleford RR, Harvey RC: Alpha-2 agonists and antagonists. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29: , Schwartz DD, Clark TP: Affinity of detomidine, medetomidine and xylazine for alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtypes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 21: , Lammintausta R: Introduction to adrenoceptor pharmacology. Acta Vet Scand 82:11 16, England GCW, Clarke KW, Goosens L: A comparison of the sedative effects of three alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonists (romifidine, detomidine, and xylazine) in the horse. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 15: , Jochle W: Field trial evaluation of detomidine as a sedative and

6 416 Equine Compendium May 2002 analgesic in horses with colic. Equine Vet J Suppl 7: , Singh S, McDonnell WN, Young SS, et al: Cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal motility effects of xylazine/ketamineinduced anesthesia in horses previously treated with glycopyrrolate. Am J Vet Res 57: , Watson ZE, Steffey EP, Van Hoogmoed LM, Snyder JR: Urinary effects of xylazine and general anesthesia in horses. Proc Annu Meet Am Coll Vet Anesth:26, Hernandez EN, Steffey EP, Camberos LO, et al: Effect of xylazine and detomidine on urine production in horses deprived of food and water. Proc Annu Meet Am Coll Vet Anesth:22, Matthews NS, Hartsfield SM, Cornick JL, et al: A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses. Vet Surg 20(4): , Matthews NS, Miller SM, Slater MR, et al: A comparison of xylazine ketamine and detomidine ketamine anaesthesia in horses. J Vet Anaesth 20:68 72, Young LE, Bartram D, Diamond M, et al: Clinical evaluation of an infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine for maintenance of anesthesia in horses. Equine Vet J 25: , Muir WW, Skarda RT, Milne DW: Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses. Am J Vet Res 38: , Mama K, Steffey E, Pascoe P: Evaluation of propofol for general anesthesia on premedicated horses. Am J Vet Res 57: , Trim C: Principles of chemical restraint, general anesthesia, and surgery, in Colahan P, Mayhew I, Merrit A, et al (eds): Equine Medicine and Surgery, vol I. St. Louis, Mosby, 1999, pp Clarke K, Taylor P: Detomidine: A new sedative for horses. Equine Vet J 18: , Marntell S, Nyman G: Prolonging dissociative anaesthesia in horses with a repeated bolus injection. J Vet Anaesth 23:64 69, Young L: Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anesthesia in horses. J Vet Anaesth 19:89, Joubert K, Briggs P, Gerber D, et al: The sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys. J S Afr Vet Assoc 70: , Lin HC: Dissociative anesthetics, in Thurmon J, Tranquilli W, Benson G (eds): Lumb and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, pp Lin H, Branson R, Thurmon J, et al: Ketamine, Telazol, xylazine and detomidine: A comparative anaesthetic drug combinations study in ponies. Acta Vet Scand 33: , Marsico F, Tendillo F, Segura G, et al: The tiletamine zolazepam detomidine combination in horses. Vet Surg 20:33, Wan P, Trim C, Mueller P: Xylazine ketamine and detomidine tiletamine zolazepam anaesthesia in horses. Vet Surg 21: , Mama K, Steffey E, Pascoe P: Evaluation of propofol as a general anesthetic for horses. Vet Surg 24: , Mama KR, Pascoe PJ, Steffey EP, Kollias-Baker C: Comparison of two techniques for total intravenous anesthesia in horses. Am J Vet Res 59(10): , Matthews N, Hartsfield A, Hague B, et al: Detomidine propofol anesthesia for abdominal surgery in horses. Vet Surg 28: , Aguiar J, Hussni C, Luna S, et al: Propofol compared with propofol/guaiphenesin after detomidine premedication for equine surgery. J Vet Anaesth 20:26 28, Greene S, Thurmon J, Tranquilli W, et al: Cardiopulmonary effects of continuous intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in ponies. Am J Vet Res 47: , Brock N, Hildebrand S: A comparison of xylazine diazepam ketamine and xylazine guaifenesin ketamine in equine anesthesia. Vet Surg 19(6): , Taylor P, Kirby J, Shrimpton D, et al: Cardiovascular effects of surgical castration during anaessthesia maintained with halothane or infusion of detomidine, ketamine, and guaifenesin in ponies. Equine Vet J 30: , ARTICLE #5 CE TEST The article you have read qualifies for 1.5 contact hours of Continuing Education Credit from the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions; then mark your answers on the postage-paid envelope inserted in Compendium. 1. When using injectable anesthetics to maintain anesthesia in horses when limited support and monitoring is provided, the recommended safe duration should not exceed minutes. a. 60 b. 30 c. 90 d. 120 e Which of the following complications is associated with anesthetic drug-induced recumbency in horses? a. hypoxemia (low oxygen tension) b. hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide tension) c. injury to the horse or handler d. a and c e. all of the above 3. Which of the following drugs is not an α 2 -agonist? a. xylazine b. etomidate c. romifidine d. medetomidine e. detomidine 4. is commonly associated with IV administration of α 2 -agonists. a. Bradycardia b. Tachycardia c. Increased GI motility d. Decreased urine production e. Excitement

7 Compendium May 2002 Field Anesthetic Techniques Which of the following α 2 -agonists has the shortest duration of action in horses? a. medetomidine b. romifidine c. xylazine d. detomidine e. clonidine 6. Thiobarbiturates are not commonly used for equine field anesthesia because they a. often cause fatal tachyarrhythmia. b. are associated with a rapid, shallow breathing pattern. c. cause muscle hypertonicity and seizurelike activity. d. are associated with unpredictable induction and recovery characteristics. e. are expensive. 7. Which of the following agents are frequently used to induce anesthesia in horses? a. Telazol and ketamine b. xylazine and ketamine c. tiletamine and ketamine d. zolazepam and tiletamine e. butorphanol and tiletamine 8. Xylazine is frequently used to minimize ketamine-associated a. hypertonicity. d. hypotension. b. tachycardia. e. apneustic breathing. c. pain. 9. When comparing diazepam and guaifenesin, diazepam has an advantage in that and a disadvantage in that. a. it is inexpensive; a large volume is needed to obtain an anesthetic effect b. it is a better muscle relaxant; it is very expensive to use in horses c. it is a good analgesic drug; it is a controlled substance d. it reduces the need for other drugs; it is a peripherally mediated muscle relaxant e. a small volume is needed to obtain an anesthetic effect; it is a controlled substance 10. Propofol use in horses has been associated with a. unpredictable anesthetic inductions. b. smooth, controlled anesthetic recovery. c. well-maintained oxygenation and ventilation. d. a and b e. all of the above

DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA

DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA Adarsh Kumar Dissociative anesthesia implies dissociation from the surrounding with only superficial sleep mediated by interruption of neuronal transmission from unconscious to

More information

Dexmedetomidine and its Injectable Anesthetic-Pain Management Combinations

Dexmedetomidine and its Injectable Anesthetic-Pain Management Combinations Back to Anesthesia/Pain Management Back to Table of Contents Front Page : Library : ACVC 2009 : Anesthesia/Pain Management : Dexmedetomidine Dexmedetomidine and its Injectable Anesthetic-Pain Management

More information

Pain Management in Racing Greyhounds

Pain Management in Racing Greyhounds Pain Management in Racing Greyhounds Pain Pain is a syndrome consisting of multiple organ system responses, and if left untreated will contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. Greyhounds incur a

More information

Day 90 Labelling, PL LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET

Day 90 Labelling, PL LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET A. LABELLING PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGE : Carton 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Alvegesic vet. 10 mg/ml Solution for injection for Horses, Dogs

More information

A New Advancement in Anesthesia. Your clear choice for induction.

A New Advancement in Anesthesia. Your clear choice for induction. A New Advancement in Anesthesia Your clear choice for induction. By Kirby Pasloske When using Alfaxan, patients should be continuously monitored, and facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial

More information

Summary of Product Characteristics

Summary of Product Characteristics Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Narketan-10 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection. 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each ml contains: Active substance

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Anaestamine 100 mg/ml solution for injection Aniketam, 100 mg/ml solution for injection (EE/LT/LV) Aniketam vet., 100 mg/ml

More information

GUIDELINES FOR ANESTHESIA AND FORMULARIES

GUIDELINES FOR ANESTHESIA AND FORMULARIES GUIDELINES FOR ANESTHESIA AND FORMULARIES Anesthesia is the act of rendering the animal senseless to pain or discomfort and is required for surgical and other procedures. Criteria for choosing an anesthetic

More information

EQUINE ANESTHESIA. Introduction. Standing chemical restraint and preanesthetic agents. Lyon Lee DVM PhD DACVA

EQUINE ANESTHESIA. Introduction. Standing chemical restraint and preanesthetic agents. Lyon Lee DVM PhD DACVA EQUINE ANESTHESIA Lyon Lee DVM PhD DACVA Introduction Higher morbidity and mortality associated with general anesthesia (1:100) in comparison to small animals (1:1000) or human (1: 200,000) No change of

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Xylacare 2% w/v Solution for Injection 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances Qualitative composition

More information

Health Products Regulatory Authority

Health Products Regulatory Authority 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Ketamidor 100 mg/ml solution for injection 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml contains: Active substance: Ketamine (as hydrochloride) Excipient:

More information

TELAZOL (tiletamine and zolazepam for injection) IV Induction Claim FAQs 1, 2

TELAZOL (tiletamine and zolazepam for injection) IV Induction Claim FAQs 1, 2 TELAZOL (tiletamine and zolazepam for injection) IV Induction Claim FAQs 1, 2 1) Q: What is TELAZOL? A: TELAZOL (tiletamine and zolazepam for injection) is a nonnarcotic, nonbarbiturate, injectable anesthetic

More information

Summary of Product Characteristics

Summary of Product Characteristics Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Domitor 1 solution for injection 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substance: Medetomidine hydrochloride (equivalent

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. Name of the Veterinary Medicinal Product Vetofol 10mg/ml Emulsion for Injection for cats and dogs (AT, CY, EE, FI, DE, EL, LV, PT, ES) Norofol 10mg/ml Emulsion for

More information

Top 5 Short Procedure Sedation Scenarios

Top 5 Short Procedure Sedation Scenarios Top 5 Short Procedure Scenarios Khursheed Mama, DVM, DACVAA Colorado State University can be used to facilitate management of aggressive animals, completion of minor procedures (eg, biopsy, laceration

More information

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS Butomidor 10 mg/ml - Solution for injection for horses, dogs and cats SPC_labelling_PIL 22 December 2011 [Version 7.2, 12/2008] ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL

More information

Alfaxan. (alfaxalone 10 mg/ml) Intravenous injectable anesthetic for use in cats and dogs. TECHNICAL NOTES DESCRIPTION INDICATIONS

Alfaxan. (alfaxalone 10 mg/ml) Intravenous injectable anesthetic for use in cats and dogs. TECHNICAL NOTES DESCRIPTION INDICATIONS Alfaxan (alfaxalone 10 mg/ml) Intravenous injectable anesthetic for use in cats and dogs. NADA 141-342, Approved by FDA ALFAXAN (Schedule: C-IV) (alfaxalone 10 mg/ml) Intravenous injectable anesthetic

More information

Tiletamine-Zolazepam anesthesia in horses : repeated dose versus continuous infusion

Tiletamine-Zolazepam anesthesia in horses : repeated dose versus continuous infusion Tiletamine-Zolazepam anesthesia in horses : repeated dose versus continuous infusion M.A. LÔPEZ, J. JIMÉNEZ, M.F. MARTÌN, J.M. USÓN, E.M. PÉREZ and L.J. EZQUERRA* Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Dormilan solution for injection for dogs and cats [FR] Dormilan 1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats [DE, ES,

More information

Premedication with alpha-2 agonists procedures for monitoring anaesthetic

Premedication with alpha-2 agonists procedures for monitoring anaesthetic Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Premedication with alpha-2 agonists procedures for monitoring anaesthetic Author : Lisa Angell, Chris Seymour Categories :

More information

1. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER AND OF THE MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE, IF DIFFERENT

1. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER AND OF THE MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE, IF DIFFERENT PACKAGE LEAFLET FOR: Dormilan solution for injection for dogs and cats [FR] Dormilan 1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats [DE, PT, UK] Reanest 1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats

More information

Oral sedation of horses

Oral sedation of horses Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Oral sedation of horses Author : Aimi Duff Categories : Equine, Vets Date : September 28, 2015 Sedation is sometimes necessary

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT ANESKETIN 100 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs, cats and horses Belgium: NIMATEK 100 mg/ml solution for injection for

More information

N.C. A and T List of Approved Analgesics 1 of 5

N.C. A and T List of Approved Analgesics 1 of 5 1 of 5 Note to user: This list of commonly used analgesics and sedatives is not all-inclusive. The absence of an agent does not necessarily mean it is unacceptable. For any questions, call the Clinical

More information

T u l a n e U n i v e r s i t y I A C U C Guidelines for Rodent & Rabbit Anesthesia, Analgesia and Tranquilization & Euthanasia Methods

T u l a n e U n i v e r s i t y I A C U C Guidelines for Rodent & Rabbit Anesthesia, Analgesia and Tranquilization & Euthanasia Methods T u l a n e U n i v e r s i t y I A C U C Guidelines for Rodent & Rabbit Anesthesia, Analgesia and Tranquilization & Euthanasia Methods Abbreviations: General Considerations IV = intravenous SC = subcutaneous

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT NOSEDORM 5 mg/ml Solution for injection for dogs and cats [DE, ES, FR, PT] 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Medeson 1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats [AT, CY, CZ, DE, EL, ES, HR, IT, LT, LV, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK] Medeson,

More information

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) in Veterinary Practice

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) in Veterinary Practice Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) in Veterinary Practice Rukmani Dewangan 1, S. K. Tiwari 2 1, 2 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinay Science and A.H. Anjora Durg (C.G.),

More information

Northwest A&F University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, China 3

Northwest A&F University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangling, China 3 ACTA VET. BRNO 2013, 82: 219 223; doi:10.2754/avb201382020219 Effects of tramadol with tiletamine/zolazepam-xylazine as anaesthesia in cats Lin Li 1a, Jing Dong 1a, Dezhang Lu 2, Sheng Jiang 3, Dongqi

More information

Behavioral responses following eight anesthetic induction protocols in horses

Behavioral responses following eight anesthetic induction protocols in horses Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2002, 29, 207^211 RESEARCH PAPER Behavioral responses following eight anesthetic induction protocols in horses Ann E Wagner DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVP, ACVA, Khursheed

More information

A comparison of three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys

A comparison of three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2002, 29, 36^42 RESEARCH PAPER A comparison of three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys Nora S Matthews DVM, Dip ACVA, Tex S Taylor DVM, Dip

More information

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF ACEPROMAZINE, DETOMIDINE, XYLAZINE AND KETAMINE ON SERUM CORTISOL LEVEL OF STANDING SEDATED HORSES ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF ACEPROMAZINE, DETOMIDINE, XYLAZINE AND KETAMINE ON SERUM CORTISOL LEVEL OF STANDING SEDATED HORSES ABSTRACT Rashid et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 28(3): 2018, Page: The J. 960-964 Anim. Plant Sci. 28(3):2018 ISSN: 1018-7081 Short Communication EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF ACEPROMAZINE,

More information

Dexmedetomidine. Dr.G.K.Kumar,M.D.,D.A., Assistant Professor, Madras medical college,chennai. History

Dexmedetomidine. Dr.G.K.Kumar,M.D.,D.A., Assistant Professor, Madras medical college,chennai. History Dexmedetomidine Dr.G.K.Kumar,M.D.,D.A., Assistant Professor, Madras medical college,chennai Dexmedetomidine is the most recently released IV anesthetic. It is a highly selective α 2 -adrenergic agonist

More information

Alfaxan FAQs. Repeatable. Reliable. Relax.

Alfaxan FAQs. Repeatable. Reliable. Relax. Alfaxan FAQs INDICATIONS: Alfaxan is indicated for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for induction of anesthesia followed by maintenance with an inhalant anesthetic, in cats and dogs. Important

More information

LARC FORMULARY ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

LARC FORMULARY ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN LABORATORY ANIMALS Research Office Laboratory Animal Resources Center Subject: LARC FORMULARY Date: IACUC Approved: 08/24/2011 Page 1 of 29 LARC FORMULARY ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN LABORATORY ANIMALS Page Contents 1. I.

More information

The UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters!

The UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters! Provided by the author(s) and University College Dublin Library in accordance with publisher policies., Please cite the published version when available. Title The use of epidurals in cattle Authors(s)

More information

Department of Laboratory Animal Resources. Veterinary Recommendations for Anesthesia and Analgesia

Department of Laboratory Animal Resources. Veterinary Recommendations for Anesthesia and Analgesia Department of Laboratory Animal Resources Guideline Veterinary Recommendations for Anesthesia and Analgesia A. PRINCIPLES OF ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 1. The proper anesthetic and analgesic agents must

More information

Procedure # IBT IACUC Approval: December 11, 2017

Procedure # IBT IACUC Approval: December 11, 2017 IACUC Procedure: Anesthetics and Analgesics Procedure # IBT-222.04 IACUC Approval: December 11, 2017 Purpose: The purpose is to define the anesthetics and analgesics that may be used in mice and rats.

More information

Comparison of 3 Total Intravenous Anesthetic Infusion Combinations in Adult Horses

Comparison of 3 Total Intravenous Anesthetic Infusion Combinations in Adult Horses Comparison of 3 Total Intravenous Anesthetic Infusion Combinations in Adult Horses Courtney L. Baetge, DVM Nora S. Matthews, DVM, Dip. ACVA Gwendolyn L. Carroll, DVM, Dip. ACVA Texas A&M University College

More information

Clinical applicability of dexmedetomidine for sedation, premedication and analgesia in cats 1 / 2007

Clinical applicability of dexmedetomidine for sedation, premedication and analgesia in cats 1 / 2007 1 / 2007 Clinical applicability of dexmedetomidine for sedation, premedication and analgesia in cats 1 5 Dexmedetomidine: a new 2-adrenoceptor agonist for modern multimodal anaesthesia in dogs and cats

More information

Cepesedan 10 mg/ml, Solution for Injection for Horses and Cattle

Cepesedan 10 mg/ml, Solution for Injection for Horses and Cattle 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Cepesedan 10 mg/ml, Solution for Injection for Horses and Cattle DE: Cepesedan RP 10 mg/ml, Solution for Injection for Horses and Cattle AT / BE / ES / FR /

More information

Reversal of Medetomidine-Ketamine Combination Anesthesia in Rabbits by Atipamezole

Reversal of Medetomidine-Ketamine Combination Anesthesia in Rabbits by Atipamezole Exp. Anim. 53(5), 423 428, 2004 Reversal of Medetomidine-Ketamine Combination Anesthesia in Rabbits by Atipamezole Min Su KIM 1), Seong Mok JEONG 1), Jae Hak PARK 2), Tchi Chou NAM 1) and Kang Moon SEO

More information

! The best anaesthesia is the one you have experience with!

! The best anaesthesia is the one you have experience with! WILDLIFE CHEMICAL CAPTURE AND ANAESTHESIA II! C. Walzer! Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology! University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria! Wisdom 1! The best anaesthesia is the one you have experience

More information

USE OF MEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS SEDATIVE IN CATTLE CALVES

USE OF MEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS SEDATIVE IN CATTLE CALVES ISSN 1023-1072 Pak. J. Agri., Agril. Engg., Vet. Sci., 2010, 26 (2): 87-99 USE OF MEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS SEDATIVE IN CATTLE CALVES 11 A. B. Kalhoro, M. Tariq, A. B. Kachiwal, R. Rind, D. H. Kalhoro

More information

Proceedings of the International Congress of the Italian Association of Companion Animal Veterinarians

Proceedings of the International Congress of the Italian Association of Companion Animal Veterinarians www.ivis.org Proceedings of the International Congress of the Italian Association of Companion Animal Veterinarians June 8-10, 2012 - Rimini, Italy Next SCIVAC Congress: Mar. 8-10, 2013 Pisa, Italy SCIVAC

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Narcostart 1 mg/ml solution for injection for cats and dogs (NL, AT, BE, CZ, EL, HU, IS, LU, PL, SK)

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Narcostart 1 mg/ml solution for injection for cats and dogs (NL, AT, BE, CZ, EL, HU, IS, LU, PL, SK) SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS Revised: September 2015 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Narcostart 1 mg/ml solution for injection for cats and dogs (NL, AT, BE, CZ, EL, HU, IS, LU, PL, SK)

More information

SMALL ANIMAL ANESTHESIA GUIDE

SMALL ANIMAL ANESTHESIA GUIDE SMALL ANIMAL ANESTHESIA GUIDE Dr. Bob Stein 1) GENERAL PROTOCOLS a) Admission b) Pre-anesthetic Routine i) General ii) Physical Examination iii) Medications & Fluids iv) Screening Tests v) Specific Pre-anesthetic

More information

Non-invasive, mildly to moderately painful, procedures and examinations which require restraint, sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats.

Non-invasive, mildly to moderately painful, procedures and examinations which require restraint, sedation and analgesia in dogs and cats. 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Sedadex 0.1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml contains: Active substance: Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Nerfasin vet. 100 mg/ml, solution for injection for cattle and horses (AT, BE, CZ, DK, EL, FI, FR, HU, IS, LU, NL, NO, PL,

More information

What dose of methadone should I use?

What dose of methadone should I use? What dose of methadone should I use? Professor Derek Flaherty BVMS, DVA, DipECVAA, MRCA, MRCVS RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia SPC dose rates for Comfortan dogs: 0.5-1.0 mg/kg SC,

More information

Candidate Name: PRACTICAL Exercise Medications & Injections

Candidate Name: PRACTICAL Exercise Medications & Injections PRACTICAL Exercise Medications & Injections VERY IMPORTANT Method: In groups - staggered - PLEASE WAIT YOUR TURN / STAND BACK IF ASKED Do bookwork - work out dosages - 1a / 2a / 3a Got to Medications Table

More information

[Version 8.1, 01/2017] APPENDIX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

[Version 8.1, 01/2017] APPENDIX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS [Version 8.1, 01/2017] APPENDIX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT ZOLETIL 50 (25 mg/ml+25 mg/ml) lyophilisate and solvent for solution for injection for

More information

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses Indian J. Anim. Res., 49 (5) 2015 : 699-703 Print ISSN:0367-6722 / Online ISSN:0976-0555 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com/www.ijaronline.in Analgesic and adjunct actions

More information

Module C Veterinary Anaesthesia Small Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.1)

Module C Veterinary Anaesthesia Small Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.1) Module C Veterinary Anaesthesia Small Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia (C-VA.1) Module Leader - Elizabeth Armitage-Chan MA Vet MB DipACVA MRCVS RCVS Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia The aim of the

More information

PREANAESTHETICS -ANTICHOLINERGICS, SEDATIVES, TRANQUILIZERS

PREANAESTHETICS -ANTICHOLINERGICS, SEDATIVES, TRANQUILIZERS PREANAESTHETICS -ANTICHOLINERGICS, SEDATIVES, TRANQUILIZERS Dr. ADARSH KUMAR PREMEDICATION (Preanesthetics): A. General use 1. Sedation of intractable animals for routine diagnostic procedures, examination,

More information

CO Oguntoye* & BO Oke

CO Oguntoye* & BO Oke RESEARCH ARTICLE Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (P-ISSN 1595-093X/ E-ISSN 2315-6201) Oguntoye & Oke /Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences (2014) 12(3): 21-25 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v12i3.4

More information

Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog

Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2010, 37, 7 13 doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00503.x RESEARCH PAPER Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog Kieren

More information

Perioperative Pain Management in Veterinary Patients

Perioperative Pain Management in Veterinary Patients Perioperative Pain Management in Veterinary Patients Doris H. Dyson, DVM, DVSc KEYWORDS Analgesia Surgical pain Dog Cat As veterinarians in the twenty-first century, we have an ethical responsibility to

More information

Anesthetic regimens for mice, rats and guinea pigs

Anesthetic regimens for mice, rats and guinea pigs Comparative Medicine SOP #: 101. 01 Page: 1 of 10 Anesthetic regimens for mice, rats and guinea pigs The intent of the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to describe commonly used methods to anaesthetize

More information

12/3/14. Top 10 Tips You Need to Know About for Anesthesia & Analgesia. Sponsorship. Introduction. VETgirl on the RUN!

12/3/14. Top 10 Tips You Need to Know About for Anesthesia & Analgesia. Sponsorship. Introduction. VETgirl on the RUN! Top 10 Tips You Need to Know About for Anesthesia & Analgesia Sponsorship Introduction Introduction Introduction VETgirl on the RUN! 1 Subscription plans Download our podcasts on itunes! Find us on social

More information

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses FULL PAPER Surgery The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses Kazuomi OKU 1) *, Minoru OHTA 1), Takashi YAMANAKA 1), Yutaka

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Euthasol vet. 400 mg/ml, solution for injection (AT, BE, DK, EE, EL, FI, IE, IS, LT, LU, LV, NO, PL, RO SE, UK)

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Euthasol vet. 400 mg/ml, solution for injection (AT, BE, DK, EE, EL, FI, IE, IS, LT, LU, LV, NO, PL, RO SE, UK) SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Euthasol vet. 400 mg/ml, solution for injection (AT, BE, DK, EE, EL, FI, IE, IS, LT, LU, LV, NO, PL, RO SE, UK) Euthasol 400

More information

Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Standard Operating Procedure

Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Standard Operating Procedure Effective Date: 4-9-2014 Approved Date: 4-9-2014 Revised Date: 4-5-2017 Last Reviewed: 4-5-2017 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee SOP ID Number: 211.02 SOP Title: Using Analgesics, Anesthetics

More information

Anaesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination in cats undergoing surgical sterilization

Anaesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination in cats undergoing surgical sterilization ACTA VET. BRNO 2015, 84: 181 185; doi:10.2754/avb201584020181 Anaesthetic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol combination in cats undergoing surgical sterilization Lin Li 1a, Jing Dong 1a,

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Acecare 2mg/ml Solution for Injection for Dogs and Cats 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml of solution contains

More information

The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine and thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs breathing at an altitude of 1486 m

The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine and thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs breathing at an altitude of 1486 m Article Artikel The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine and thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs breathing at an altitude of 1486 m K E Joubert a and R Lobetti b ABSTRACT The purpose of this

More information

Anaesthesia and Analgesia of fish

Anaesthesia and Analgesia of fish Anaesthesia and Analgesia of fish Dr Stewart Fielder Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Marine fish production and enhancement Plan of talk Who uses anaesthetics for fish Why anaesthetics are used When

More information

Medical terminology tests. Dr masoud sirati nir

Medical terminology tests. Dr masoud sirati nir Circle the term that best completes the meaning of the Following sentences : 1. A physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery a) anesthetist b) psychologist c)

More information

Pain management in equine patients therapy options

Pain management in equine patients therapy options Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Pain management in equine patients therapy options Author : Tom Hughes Categories : Equine, Vets Date : July 13, 2015 Drugs

More information

Anesthesia & analgesia in birds

Anesthesia & analgesia in birds Anesthesia and analgesia in birds Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland, DVM, PhD, MVR, Dip. ECZM (avian) Division of Zoological Medicine, Utrecht University Anesthesia & analgesia in birds Yvonne van Zeeland DVM, MVR,

More information

DECISION AND SECTION 43 STATEMENT TO THE VETERINARY COUNCIL BY THE COMPLAINTS ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE: CAC Dr A. (Section 39 referral/complaint)

DECISION AND SECTION 43 STATEMENT TO THE VETERINARY COUNCIL BY THE COMPLAINTS ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE: CAC Dr A. (Section 39 referral/complaint) DECISION AND SECTION 43 STATEMENT TO THE VETERINARY COUNCIL BY THE COMPLAINTS ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE: CAC15-07 Dr A (Section 39 referral/complaint) Dr A B Dr C Veterinarian Clinic where Dr A works Former

More information

These are the topics typically covered in GWR courses All labs with live animals have been approved by several Animal Care and Use Committees.

These are the topics typically covered in GWR courses All labs with live animals have been approved by several Animal Care and Use Committees. WILDLIFE HANDLING & CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION FOR WILDLIFE PROFESSIONALS -GE ERAL COURSE OUTLI E- Mark R. Johnson DVM, Instructor These are the topics typically covered in GWR courses All labs with live

More information

ANESTHESIA, CHEMICAL RESTRAINT AND PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SNAKES (SERPENTES) A REVIEW. Seven Mustafa, Nadya Zlateva

ANESTHESIA, CHEMICAL RESTRAINT AND PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SNAKES (SERPENTES) A REVIEW. Seven Mustafa, Nadya Zlateva TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, 2018, vol. 3, No 1(4): 37 44 ANESTHESIA, CHEMICAL RESTRAINT AND PAIN MANAGEMENT IN SNAKES (SERPENTES) A REVIEW Seven Mustafa, Nadya Zlateva University of

More information

These notes discuss these challenges and provides updates on how to address these challenges.

These notes discuss these challenges and provides updates on how to address these challenges. Anesthesia and Pain Management For Spay/ Neuter (TNR Clinics) Mehnaz Chumkee Aziz, DVM Resident, Koret Shelter Medicine Program, University of California, Davis, CA, USA INTRODUCTION The primary goal of

More information

Standing sedation with medetomidine and butorphanol in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Standing sedation with medetomidine and butorphanol in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana) Standing sedation with medetomidine and butorphanol in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana) I. Lüders a,b, B. Tindall c, D. Young d, G. van der Horst a,b, S. Botha e, I. Luther a,b, L. Maree

More information

Mouse Formulary. The maximum recommended volume of a drug given depends on the route of administration (Formulary for Laboratory Animals, 3 rd ed.

Mouse Formulary. The maximum recommended volume of a drug given depends on the route of administration (Formulary for Laboratory Animals, 3 rd ed. Mouse Formulary The maximum recommended volume of a drug given depends on the route of administration (Formulary for Laboratory Animals, 3 rd ed.): Intraperitoneal (IP) doses should not exceed 80 ml/kg

More information

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT DEXDOMITOR 0.1 mg/ml solution for injection 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substance: Excipients:

More information

ASMIC 2016 DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DR KHOO TIEN MENG

ASMIC 2016 DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DR KHOO TIEN MENG ASMIC 2016 DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DR KHOO TIEN MENG PREAMBLE : EVOLUTION OF SEDATION IN THE ICU 1980s : ICU sedation largely extension of GA No standard approach, highly variable Deep

More information

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Cepedex 0.1 mg/ml solution for injection for dogs and cats. 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1 ml contains:

More information

Cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid base balance during continuous dexmedetomidine infusion in anesthetized dogs

Cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid base balance during continuous dexmedetomidine infusion in anesthetized dogs Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2013, 40, 464 471 doi:10.1111/vaa.12036 RESEARCH PAPER Cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid base balance during continuous dexmedetomidine infusion in

More information

DOI /yydb medetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol

DOI /yydb medetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 1573 medetomidine a review of clinical applications J. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008 21 4 457-461. 6 DAHMANI S PARIS A JANNIER V et al. Dexmedetom- 2. α 2 idine increases hippocampal phosphorylated extracellular

More information

Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Standard Operating Procedure

Iowa State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Standard Operating Procedure Effective Date: 4-9-2014 Approved Date: 4-9-2014 Revised Date: 5-2-2018 Last Reviewed: 5-2-2018 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee SOP ID Number: 211.04 SOP Title: Drug Formulary Institutional

More information

Propofol vs Dexmedetomidine

Propofol vs Dexmedetomidine Propofol vs Dexmedetomidine A highlight of similarities & differences Lama Nazer, PharmD, BCPS Critical Care Clinical Pharmacy Specialist King Hussein Cancer Center Outline Highlight similarities and differences

More information

Guide to Veterinary Surgery If you are like most people, you want to know what you

Guide to Veterinary Surgery If you are like most people, you want to know what you Guide to Veterinary Surgery If you are like most people, you want to know what you are paying for and why things cost what they do. You will find that veterinary providers are all different, and you may

More information

Yamaguchi University. Naotami UEOKA. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science

Yamaguchi University. Naotami UEOKA. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science Antagonistic effects of atipamezole, flumazenil and 4-aminopyridine on anesthesia and stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic changes induced by medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine in cats The United

More information

University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research

University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research Taylor, P. M., Hoare, H. R., de Vries, A., Love, E. J., Coumbe, K. M., White, KL., & Murrell, J. C. (216). A multicentre, prospective, randomised, blinded clinical trial to compare some perioperative effects

More information

Metacam. The Only NSAID Approved for Cats in the US. John G. Pantalo, VMD Professional Services Veterinarian. Think easy. Think cat. Think METACAM.

Metacam. The Only NSAID Approved for Cats in the US. John G. Pantalo, VMD Professional Services Veterinarian. Think easy. Think cat. Think METACAM. Metacam The Only NSAID Approved for Cats in the US John G. Pantalo, VMD Professional Services Veterinarian Think easy. Think cat. Think METACAM. Today s Agenda New pain management guidelines for cats Only

More information

Gastroduodenoscopy is a procedure commonly used. Evaluation of the effects of premedication on gastroduodenoscopy in cats

Gastroduodenoscopy is a procedure commonly used. Evaluation of the effects of premedication on gastroduodenoscopy in cats Evaluation of the effects of premedication on gastroduodenoscopy in cats Alison A. Smith, DVM; Lysa P. Posner, DVM; Richard E. Goldstein, DVM, DACVIM; John W. Ludders, DVM, DACVA; Hollis N. Erb, DVM, PhD;

More information

b Department of Statistics

b Department of Statistics A Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol and Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol Medetomidine in Cats Jeff C. H. Ko, DVM, MS, DACVA a Lisa A. Abbo, DVM

More information

Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol and Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol Medetomidine in Dogs*

Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol and Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol Medetomidine in Dogs* J. C. H. Ko, M. Payton, A. B. Weil, T. Kitao, and T. Haydon Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol and Tiletamine Zolazepam Butorphanol Medetomidine

More information

6/10/2015. Multi Purpose Canine (MPC) Restraint and Physical Examination PFN: Terminal Learning Objective. Hours: Instructor:

6/10/2015. Multi Purpose Canine (MPC) Restraint and Physical Examination PFN: Terminal Learning Objective. Hours: Instructor: Multi Purpose Canine (MPC) Restraint and Physical Examination PFN: Hours: Instructor: Slide 1 Slide 2 Terminal Learning Objective Action: Communicate knowledge of Multi Purpose Canine (MPC) restraint and

More information

BUTORPHANOL AND AZAPERONE AS A SAFE ALTERNATIVE FOR REPEATED CHEMICAL RESTRAINT IN CAPTIVE WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM)

BUTORPHANOL AND AZAPERONE AS A SAFE ALTERNATIVE FOR REPEATED CHEMICAL RESTRAINT IN CAPTIVE WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 3(2): 96 200, 2000 Copyright 2000 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians BUTORPHANOL AND AZAPERONE AS A SAFE ALTERNATIVE FOR REPEATED CHEMICAL RESTRAINT IN CAPTIVE

More information

Appendix: Outcomes when Using Adjunct Dexmedetomidine with Propofol Sedation in

Appendix: Outcomes when Using Adjunct Dexmedetomidine with Propofol Sedation in SUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT Appendix: Outcomes when Using Adjunct Dexmedetomidine with Propofol Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Surgical Intensive Care Patients Table of Contents Methods Summary of Definitions

More information

Proceedings of the Southern European Veterinary Conference - SEVC -

Proceedings of the Southern European Veterinary Conference - SEVC - www.ivis.org Proceedings of the Southern European Veterinary Conference - SEVC - Sep. 29-Oct. 2, 2011, Barcelona, Spain Next SEVC Conference: Oct. 18-21, 2012 - Barcelona, Spain Reprinted in the IVIS website

More information

Pakistan Veterinary Journal

Pakistan Veterinary Journal RESEARCH ARTICLE Pakistan Veterinary Journal ISSN: 5-88 (PRINT), 74-7764 (ONLINE) Accessible at: www.pvj.com.pk A Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine-Zolazepam/Xylazine

More information

The sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine-butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys

The sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine-butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys Article Artikel The sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine-butorphanol and detomidine alone in donkeys K E Joubert a*, P Briggs a, D Gerber b and R G Gottschalk a ABSTRACT Butorphanol and detomidine

More information

Oxygenation in Medetomidine-Sedated Dogs with and without 100% Oxygen Insufflation

Oxygenation in Medetomidine-Sedated Dogs with and without 100% Oxygen Insufflation J. C. H. Ko, A. B. Weil, T. Kitao, M. E. Payton, and T. Inoue Oxygenation in Medetomidine-Sedated Dogs with and without 100% Oxygen Insufflation Jeff C. H. Ko, DVM, MS, DACVA a Ann B. Weil, DVM, MS, DACVA

More information

A Comparison of the Incidence of Apnoea Following Induction of Anaesthesia with Propofol or Alfaxalone in Dogs

A Comparison of the Incidence of Apnoea Following Induction of Anaesthesia with Propofol or Alfaxalone in Dogs A Comparison of the Incidence of Apnoea Following Induction of Anaesthesia with Propofol or Alfaxalone in Dogs Sarah Elizabeth Bigby ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-0569 Student ID: 642933 Submitted

More information

PEAK Veterinary Anesthesia Services 1

PEAK Veterinary Anesthesia Services 1 Recent Advances in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Kim Spelts, BS, CVT VTS (Anesthesia/Analgesia) www.peakvas.com What s New? At-home and premedications Induction Local anesthetics Maintenance Fluid

More information

PDF of Trial CTRI Website URL -

PDF of Trial CTRI Website URL - Clinical Trial Details (PDF Generation Date :- Sun, 10 Mar 2019 06:52:14 GMT) CTRI Number Last Modified On 29/07/2016 Post Graduate Thesis Type of Trial Type of Study Study Design Public Title of Study

More information