FIRST DEFENCE. Permanent insect protection, woven right in, means NosiLife offers protection from bites and complete piece-of-mind.

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Dwight Neal
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1 DISCOVER YOUR WORLD

2 FIRST DEFENCE Permanent insect protection, woven right in, means NosiLife offers protection from bites and complete piece-of-mind. The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. 2 NOSILIFE

3 NOSILIFE A world exclusive permanent insectprotection treatment. Proven up to 90% protection from biting insects and mosquitoes. SOLARSHIELD Tried and tested sunprotective fabric giving up to UPF50+ protection from harmful UV rays. MOISTURE CONTROL Keeping you cool on the move and fresh in the most intense humidity. TRAI N I NG MANUAL 3

4 NOSILIFE. BAD NEWS FOR BITING INSECTS. Proven to provide up to 90% drop in bites The active ingredients are non-toxic and non-irritant. That means that NosiLife is kind to your skin and kind to the environment. Your gear has locked in protection Our NosiLife range is permanently, protective and, crucially, lightweight. Our insect protective treatment is woven into the fabric protecting against biting insects and regulating body temperature. Every fibre is treated with NosiLife before it is made into the material. 4 NOSILIFE

5 The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. High risk areas for Mosquitoes Malaria can be caught from a single bite NosiLife insect protection clothing is designed to protect against insect bites and the diseases they spread. So wherever your adventures take you, you re always protected. As travellers, we only have to deal with the problem of mosquitoes, midges and sandflies when we venture into tropical climes. For those who live with the threat of Malaria every day, it s a different story. Malaria affects almost half the world s population. Malaria is the cause of more than 600,000 deaths annually Midge Fact File Over 40 species of midge in the USA A swarm of midges can inflict around 3000 bites per hour Midges are most active early morning and sunset, May to Sept. TRAINING MANUAL 5

NOSILIFE PERMANENT INSECT PROTECTION. What is NosiLife world exclusive permanent clothing? NosiLife is Craghoppers insect-protection clothing.

6 NOSILIFE PERMANENT INSECT PROTECTION. What is NosiLife world exclusive permanent clothing? NosiLife is Craghoppers insect-protection clothing. Its active ingredient gives a significant drop ( 90% ) in mosquito bites. How does it work on clothing? NosiLife is completely safe to mammals but toxic to all insects. As soon as they touch the fabric, insects will be negatively impacted. It is equally effective on all insects from the Mosquito & Sand Fly to the Midge. How long does it last? NosiLife is permanent. Is it safe? Yes. The active ingredient used a non-toxic and are classed as a non-irritant. The system was originally developed for use against dust mites and is used world-wide in hospitals and bedding products. What are the active ingredients? The insect-repellent is Permethrin. This is a synthetic pyrethroid, which is used extensively as an anti-insect product globally. 6 NOSILIFE

7 Why NosiLife? NosiLife clothing is perfect for travellers wherever they are going. In malarial zones travellers are advised to always protect themselves from insect bites, used in conjunction with repellents NosiLife clothing provides very effective protection. In lower risk parts of the world the NosiLife treatment is equally effective with comfort and relief from bites being the benefits. Some repellents like DEET are only recommended for use in high risk areas as they can have other negative health effects. Using NosiLife clothing will help support a less toxic repellent like IR3535 or even Citronella and give very effective insect protection. DEET is not recommended at high doses or for prolonged periods for young children and pregnant women. Will ironing the clothing affect the treatment? No. Does the treatment affect the wicking performance of the fabric? No. Independent Testing Craghoppers original insect-protection Nosquito was launched in Independent testing by the London School of Tropical Medicine ensured guaranteed performance and enabled our range to grow. The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. Permethrin sprays decompose rapidly when applied directly to the skin, but remain effective when attached to a fibre. Adding the treatment at the manufacturing state helps lock in the chemicals and improves the life of the treatment. NosiLife encourages a cover up attitude to Malaria. TRAI N I NG MANUAL 7

8 The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. Lyme Disease Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. The tick-borne encephalitis virus is known to infect a range of hosts including ruminants, birds, rodents, carnivores, horses and humans. The disease can also be zoonotic, with ruminants and dogs providing the principal source of infection for humans. Russia and Europe report about 5,000-7,000 human cases annually. The disease is incurable once manifested, so there is no specific drug therapy for TBE. Prevention includes non-specific (tickbite prevention, tick checks) and specific prophylaxis in the form of a vaccine. TBE immunoglobulin is no longer used. Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is very effective and available in many disease endemic areas and in travel clinics. Lyme disease is carried by the sheep tick. It also feeds on deer and other mammals and birds. It prefers to live in woods, heath and moor land, although not exclusive to these habitats. Cases of the disease are widespread. Risk for Travellers Anyone can get Lyme disease if bitten by an infected tick and as many as one in three sheep ticks are believed to carry Lyme disease. Lyme disease can be difficult to diagnose, especially if you have been bitten but do not realise, potentially leading to meningitis or paralysis. However, the Health Protection Agency official estimates suggest there could be up to 3,000 new cases occurring in the UK alone every year. Prevention The best method of prevention is wearing appropriate clothing - Don t let the risk of Lyme disease spoil your enjoyment of areas where ticks may be found! When outdoors, cover yourself as much as possible to reduce exposed skin. Wear long shirts and pants, and tuck your pant legs into your socks. Wear permetherin impregnated socks which which will kill the tick a few hours after contact with the fabric. While outdoors and after returning inside, check yourself and children regularly and thoroughly for ticks. Regularly inspect pets for ticks, too. When using trails or paths, stay in the centre of them. Avoid the tall grassy sides. Wear light-coloured clothing: this makes it easier to see ticks crawling on you/your clothing. Apply an appropriate repellent, such as Deet repellent on exposed skin. Look for a specific reference to ticks on the label. Always read and follow label instructions carefuly before use. There are special tick repellents for children. 8 NOSILIFE

9 High risk areas. Reported cases of Lyme Disease and FSME High risk areas. Reported cases of Lyme Disease High risk areas. Reported cases of FSME Dr Nigel Hill says: We are constantly looking at new products and carrying out tests to find the best methods of protection against bites from mosquitoes and other insects. What is apparent is that mosquitoes will always pick the easiest target, the person with least protection. Therefore the best way to avoid being bitten is to take maximum precautions. A combination of insect repellent and specially treated clothing is the best bet, the mosquito will then choose to bite someone who is unprotected instead. The number of confirmed cases in the UK has risen from 292 in 2003 to 768 in 2006 and according to the Times 861 reported in TRAINING MANUAL 9

Dengue Fever and Malaria are spread by infected mosquitoes Dengue Fever Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral diseases transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, (which can also carry

10 Dengue Fever and Malaria are spread by infected mosquitoes Dengue Fever Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are viral diseases transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, (which can also carry Yellow Fever)Dengue has become the most common arboviral disease of humans. Reported attacks can be up to 1 per hundred of population. The actual number may be 5 to 10 times greater than reported. Epidemics have become progressively more frequent and larger in the past 25 years. The incidence of the severe disease, DHF, has increased dramatically with major epidemics occurring in many countries every 3-5 years. Approximately 1% of patients with dengue infection progress to DHF. It is estimated that from million cases of dengue fever, cases of DHF and more than 20,000 deaths occur each year. Risk for Travelers The mosquito is found in or near habitation and prefers to feed on humans during the daytime. It has two peak periods of biting activity: in the morning for several hours after daybreak and in the late afternoon for several hours before dark. Nevertheless, the mosquito may feed at any time during the day, especially indoors, in shady areas, or when it is overcast. Dengue fever is characterized by sudden onset after an incubation period of 3-14 days (most commonly 4-7 days) of high fevers, severe frontal headache, and joint and muscle pain. Many patients have nausea, vomiting, and a rash, which appears 3-5 days after onset of fever and can spread from the torso to the arms, legs, and face. The convalescence can be prolonged. As the fever resolves, patients may develop leaky capillaries, hemorrhage, elevated liver enzymes and intravascular coagulation. Prevention No vaccine is available. Travellers should be advised that they can reduce their risk by remaining in well-screened or airconditioned areas when possible, wearing clothing that adequately covers the arms and legs, and applying insect repellent to both skin and clothing. 10 NOSILIFE

World Spread of Malaria High risk areas.

Malaria is preventable and curable. In 2013, malaria was present in 109 countries and territories. There have been 250 million cases of Malaria reported since 2013, causing about 1,000,000 deaths.

If not treated promptly with effective medicines, malaria can cause severe illness and is often fatal.

11 World Spread of Malaria High risk areas. Reported cases of Malaria World Spread of Dengue Fever Malaria Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Malaria is preventable and curable. In 2013, malaria was present in 109 countries and territories. There have been 250 million cases of Malaria reported since 2013, causing about 1,000,000 deaths. Risk for Travellers The common first symptoms - fever, headache, chills and vomiting - usually appear 10 to 15 days after a person is infected. If not treated promptly with effective medicines, malaria can cause severe illness and is often fatal. Travellers from malaria-free regions, with little or no immunity, who go to areas with high disease rates are very vulnerable. Prevention Prevention focuses on reducing the transmission of the disease by controlling the malaria-bearing mosquito. The two main methods of control are: Use of mosquito nets treated with long-lasting insecticide & covering exposed skin and the use of skin and clothing insecticides. High risk areas. Reported cases of Dengue Fever The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. TRAINING MANUAL 11

NOSILIFE Our insect-protection treatment is permanently woven into the fabric; protecting against biting insects.

Permanent insect-protection Permanent insect-protection Flexibility Increased range of motion What is NosiLife?

Tested by an independent testing laboratory, to provide proven protection for the lifetime of your garment.

12 NOSILIFE Our insect-protection treatment is permanently woven into the fabric; protecting against biting insects. NOSILIFE STRETCH All the protection from NosiLife permanent insect-protection plus our Stretch fabric for extra comfort on the move. Permanent insect-protection Permanent insect-protection Flexibility Increased range of motion What is NosiLife? NosiLife is a breakthrough in textile innovation, utilising a new and unique permanent anti-insect technology. Tested by an independent testing laboratory, to provide proven protection for the lifetime of your garment. Proven up to 90% protection from mosquitoes and other biting insects that can cause life threatening diseases such as Malaria. Why the added Stretch? Stretch enables active performance across a raft of climate specific clothing. The elastane stretch fabrics are more agile, with lasting fit and easy-care, minimum-iron performance for travel. A range of fabric weights incorporate tailored protection for use in both hot and cold climates. 12 NOSILIFE

Midges Prevalent at dawn and dusk, the midge is particularly problematic in the Highlands and Western Scotland where damp conditions provide perfect breeding grounds.

13 Midges Prevalent at dawn and dusk, the midge is particularly problematic in the Highlands and Western Scotland where damp conditions provide perfect breeding grounds. A single midge is almost invisible to the human eye, measuring one millimetre in length with a wingspan of less than two millimetres. It is the female of the species which is vicious. She requires blood to help form her eggs and when she s alerted to our presence by smelling carbon dioxide in our breath. She attacks then gives off a pheromone to alert other midges that she has found of a meal. According to research, a swarm can inflict about 3,000 bites in an hour, while 40,000 midges can land on an unprotected arm over the same period. After their - or more likely, your - retreat the effects of the attack can still be seen. The bite marks will be itchy, often lead to swelling and, occasionally, other complications. Midges start to become a problem in June and usually last through to August when their numbers diminish rapidly, before they finally disappear with the first real frost of autumn. The numbers of midges vary considerably from year to year, depending on the severity of the preceding winter, the amount of spring rainfall, and the temperature. To avoid midges, it helps to know a little about their likes and dislikes. They like the cool indirect light of dawn and dusk, and dislike direct strong sunlight. They like damp conditions and dislike dry conditions. And they like still air and dislike anything above a fairly gentle breeze. All this tends to mean that midges are less common the middle of the day than in the mornings and evenings; that they are rarer on exposed hills than in sheltered valleys; and that the can be fond of woodland and forest areas. Finally, it is worth knowing that midges prefer dark coloured clothing to light. The world s first and only permanent insect protective clothing. TRAINING MANUAL 13

Disease Transmited By Endemic Zone Malaria Mosquitoes Global tropical and subtropical areas Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America Dengue Fever Mosquitoes

14 Disease Transmited By Endemic Zone Malaria Mosquitoes Global tropical and subtropical areas Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America Dengue Fever Mosquitoes Tropical Africa, South East Asia, South America and the Pacific Japanese B Encephalitis Mosquitoes The Far East and South East Asia West Nile Virus Mosquitoes Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and the United States & Canada Tick Borne Ticks Forested areas of Central & Eastern Encephalitis Europe, Scandinavia and former USSR Filariasis Mosquitoes, Blackflies Global tropical and subtropical areas Lyme Disease Ticks Europe (inc. UK), USA, Australia, China & Japan Leishmaniasis Sandflies Global tropical and subtropical areas including the Mediterranean Sleeping Sickness Tsetse Flies East, West and Central Southern Africa Chagas Disease Assassin Bugs Tropical South and Central America Typhus Fever Ticks & Lice Worldwide Plague Fleas Worldwide Rocky Mountain Ticks USA Spotted Fever (mainly dog ticks) There are also many not infectious (but still often unpleasant) biting insects. Well known examples are midges, especially in Scotland. Chiggers, usually in the southern United States and painful but virus free however Asian variants can carry scrub typhus. There are also many insects that carry parasites that again whilst unpleasant do not carry disease, e.g. botfly. Further info: TRAINING MANUAL 14

Insect Bite Avoidance

Insect Bite Avoidance Introduction Many tropical diseases are transmitted by insects, such as malaria, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, West Nile virus, and leishmaniasis. In some instances